Introduction to the Network Layer: Network layer services, packet switching, network layer performance, IPv4 addressing, forwarding of IP packets, Internet Protocol, ICMPv4, Mobile IP Unicast Routing: Introduction, routing algorithms, unicast routing protocols. Next generation IP: IPv6 addressing, IPv6 protocol, ICMPv6 protocol, transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Introduction to the Transport Layer: Introduction, Transport layer protocols (Simple protocol, Stop-and-wait protocol, Go-Back-n protocol, Selective repeat protocol, Bidirectional protocols), Transport layer services, User datagram protocol, Transmission control protocol
Computer network is a distributed system consisting of loosely coupled computers and other
devices. Any two of these devices, which we will from now on refer to as network elements or
transmitting elements, can communicate with each other through a communication medium. In
order for these connected devices to be considered a communicating network, there must be a set
of communicating rules or protocols each device in the network must follow to communicate wit
another device in the network. The resulting combination consisting of hardware and software is a computer communication network or computer network in short. Figure 1.1 shows a computer
network
Data Link Layer, Error correction and detection like LRC, VRC, CRC, checksum and Hamming coding, Data link protocols, stop and wait ARQ, sliding window ARQ, Petrinet models, HDLC, etc
Introduction, networking, types of network, connections, packet switching, open systems, protocols, firewalls, mime types, addresses, domain name system
This Presentation Covers the basic Introductions of Computer Network. It covers several topics such as Mode of Transmission, Types of Network, Data Rate, Components, etc. This would be very helpful for engineering students as well as those who are interested in Networking.
It covers
Definition and Objectives of computer networks
Networking models : Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server
Types of Networks : PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
Networking Topologies: MESH, STAR, RING, BUS, HYBRID
Introduction to the Network Layer: Network layer services, packet switching, network layer performance, IPv4 addressing, forwarding of IP packets, Internet Protocol, ICMPv4, Mobile IP Unicast Routing: Introduction, routing algorithms, unicast routing protocols. Next generation IP: IPv6 addressing, IPv6 protocol, ICMPv6 protocol, transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Introduction to the Transport Layer: Introduction, Transport layer protocols (Simple protocol, Stop-and-wait protocol, Go-Back-n protocol, Selective repeat protocol, Bidirectional protocols), Transport layer services, User datagram protocol, Transmission control protocol
Computer network is a distributed system consisting of loosely coupled computers and other
devices. Any two of these devices, which we will from now on refer to as network elements or
transmitting elements, can communicate with each other through a communication medium. In
order for these connected devices to be considered a communicating network, there must be a set
of communicating rules or protocols each device in the network must follow to communicate wit
another device in the network. The resulting combination consisting of hardware and software is a computer communication network or computer network in short. Figure 1.1 shows a computer
network
Data Link Layer, Error correction and detection like LRC, VRC, CRC, checksum and Hamming coding, Data link protocols, stop and wait ARQ, sliding window ARQ, Petrinet models, HDLC, etc
Introduction, networking, types of network, connections, packet switching, open systems, protocols, firewalls, mime types, addresses, domain name system
This Presentation Covers the basic Introductions of Computer Network. It covers several topics such as Mode of Transmission, Types of Network, Data Rate, Components, etc. This would be very helpful for engineering students as well as those who are interested in Networking.
It covers
Definition and Objectives of computer networks
Networking models : Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server
Types of Networks : PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
Networking Topologies: MESH, STAR, RING, BUS, HYBRID
Channel Estimation in MIMO OFDM Systems with Tapped Delay Line ModelIJCNCJournal
The continuous increase in the user demands fornew-generation communication systems, is making the wireless channel more complex and challenging for estimation, developing a simulation model for the channel,and evaluating the performance of different MIMO systems. In this work, a simulation model for multipath fading channels in wireless communication is performed. The model includes a selection of typical Tapped-Delay-Line channel models that can be implemented to reproduce the effects of representative channel distortion and interference. Based on the simulation results, the proposed method exhibits accurate channel estimation performance for frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed work employed LS, MMSE, and ML methods for channel estimation, using 16 and 32 pilots and fixed pilot locations in each frame. Results are obtained for 4x4, 8x8, 16x16, 16x8, and 16x4 MIMO systems and tapped delay line systems.
Channel Estimation in MIMO OFDM Systems with Tapped Delay Line ModelIJCNCJournal
The continuous increase in the user demands fornew-generation communication systems, is making the wireless channel more complex and challenging for estimation, developing a simulation model for the channel,and evaluating the performance of different MIMO systems. In this work, a simulation model for multipath fading channels in wireless communication is performed. The model includes a selection of typical Tapped-Delay-Line channel models that can be implemented to reproduce the effects of representative channel distortion and interference. Based on the simulation results, the proposed method exhibits accurate channel estimation performance for frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed work employed LS, MMSE, and ML methods for channel estimation, using 16 and 32 pilots and fixed pilot locations in each frame. Results are obtained for 4x4, 8x8, 16x16, 16x8, and 16x4 MIMO systems and tapped delay line systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 7
Examples of Distributed Systems–Trends in Distributed Systems – Focus on resource sharing – Challenges. Case study: World Wide Web.
Exploaration of the concept of "The Wall" being either a barrier to collaboration or a means to building powerful building blocks for engaging C21 collaborative learning.
Syllabus changes that came into effect for the NSW BOS HSC IPT course. These changes are for the core topics: Project Management, Information Systems & Databases, Communications Systems
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. IPT syllabus changes9.3 Communications Systems Effective for HSC 2009 (based on syllabus-annotated version)
2. 6 Course Structure Core Topics some topic headings and subheadings have been renamed to remove ambiguities that existed in the original syllabus. Communication Systems New subheading – Managing communication systems All subheadings – major restructuring of content
3. HSC Outcomes H1.1 applies and explains an understanding of the nature and function of information technologies to a specific practical situation H2.2 develops and explains solutions for an identified need which address all of the information processes H3.1 evaluates and discusses the effect of information systems on the individual, society and the environment H3.2 demonstrates and explains ethical practice in the use of information systems, technologies and processes
4. HSC Outcomes (continued) H4.1 proposes and justifies ways in which information systems will meet emerging needs H5.2 assesses the ethical implications of selecting and using specific resources and tools, recommends and justifies the choices H6.1 analyses situations, identifies needs, proposes and then develops solutions H6.2 selects, justifies and applies methodical approaches to planning, designing or implementing solutions H7.1 implements and explains effective management techniques
5. 9.3 Communication Systems Major restructuring The communication systems topic has been totally restructured from the bottom up to provide a more cohesive unit of work. The topic now provides a framework under which a variety of communication systems can be studied. Additional dot points have been added to establish this framework concept but, apart from that, the topic includes much the same content as before. Dot points have been expanded to indicate the depth to which a concept is treated.
6. 9.3 Communication Systemscharacteristics of communication systems Students learn about: communication systems as being those systems which enable users to send and receive data and information Students learn to: use applications to create and transmit messages establish a communications link and describe the steps that take place in its establishment
7.
8. Students learn about: the functions performed within the communication systems in passing messages between source and destination, including: message creation organisation of packets at the interface between source and transmitter signal generation by the transmitter transmission synchronising the exchange addressing and routing error detection and correction security and management 9.3 Communication Systemscharacteristics of communication systems
9. Students learn about: the roles of protocols in communication handshaking and its importance in a communications link functions performed by protocols at different levels Students learn to: identify and describe specified protocols at different stages of the communication 9.3 Communication Systemscharacteristics of communication systems
10. Students learn about: the client server model the role of the client and the server thin clients and fat clients examples of clients such as web browsers mail clients examples of servers such as print servers mail servers web servers Students learn to: identify client processing and server processing describe the advantages and disadvantages of client server architecture 9.3 Communication Systemscharacteristics of communication systems
11. Students learn about: teleconferencing systems messaging systems (See Course Specifications Document) email voice mail Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) other systems dependent on communication technology such as: e-commerce EFTPOS electronic banking A number of outdated examples have been deleted and newer examples added 9.3 Communication Systemsexamples of communication systems
12. Students learn to: use a communication system to transmit and receive audio, video and text data for given examples, identify the participants information/data information technology need and purpose for given examples explain how data is transmitted and received for given examples, identify the advantages and disadvantages of the system 9.3 Communication Systemsexamples of communication systems
13. Students learn about: transmission media, including: wired transmission (See Course Specifications Document) twisted pair coaxial cable optic fibre wireless transmission (See Course Specifications Document) microwave satellite radio infrared 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
14. Students learn about: characteristics of media in terms of Speed Capacity Cost security Students learn to: compare and contrast traditional communication systems with current electronic methods represent a communication system diagrammatically for a given scenario, choose and justify the most appropriate transmission media 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
15. Students learn about: communication protocols, including: application level protocols http smtp SSL communication control and addressing level protocols TCP IP transmission level protocols Ethernet Token ring 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
16. Students learn about: strategies for error detection and error correction network topologies, including: star bus ring hybrid wireless networks Students learn to: diagrammatically represent the topology diagrammatically represent the topology 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
17. Students learn about: the functions performed by the following hardware components used in communication systems (See Course Specifications Document) hubs and switches routers modems bridges and gateways Network Interface Cards (NIC) mobile phones cables wireless access points bluetooth devices A number of new communication devices have been added 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
18. Students learn to: describe the location and role of hardware components on the network compare the functions of different hardware components predict developments in communication systems based on current trends simulate activities involved with communication in areas such as e-commerce EFTPOS Internet banking 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
19. Students learn about: characteristics of network operating software similarities and differences between the Internet Intranets extranets Students learn to: identify the main characteristics of network operating software compare and contrast the Internet, intranets and extranets 9.3 Communication Systemstransmitting and receiving in communication systems
20. Students learn about: collecting, such as the phone as the collection device with voice mail EFTPOS terminal as a collection device for electronic banking displaying, such as the phone as the display device with voice mail EFTPOS terminal as a display device for electronic banking 9.3 Communication Systemsother information processes in communication systems
21. Students learn about: processing, including: encoding and decoding analog and digital signals formation of data packets routing encryption and decryption error checking parity bit check check sum cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 9.3 Communication Systemsother information processes in communication systems
22. Students learn to: processing distinguish between data in analog and digital form justify the need to encode and decode data identify where in a communication system signal conversion takes place describe the structure of a data packet describe methods to check the accuracy of data being transmitted 9.3 Communication Systemsother information processes in communication systems
23. Students learn about: network administration tasks, such as: adding/removing users assigning users to printers giving users file access rights installation of software and sharing with users client installation and protocol assignment logon and logoff procedures network-based applications 9.3 Communication Systemsmanaging communication systems
24. Students learn to: detail the network management software in a given network describe the role of the network administrator and conduct network administration tasks demonstrate logon and logoff procedures, and justify their use adopt procedures to manage electronic mail 9.3 Communication Systemsmanaging communication systems
25. Students learn about: security globalisation changing nature of work interpersonal relationships e-crime legal virtual communities New issues relating to the use of communication systems have been introduced. Issues are best dealt with in association with the examples provided 9.3 Communication Systemsissues related to communication systems
26. Students learn about: current and emerging trends in communications (See Course Specifications Document) blogs wikis RSS feeds podcasts online radio, TV and video on demand 3G technologies for mobile communications A number of areas for studying current and emerging trends have been added 9.3 Communication Systemsissues related to communication systems
27. Students learn about: describe and justify the need for ethical behaviour when using the Internet discuss the social and ethical issues that have arisen from use of the Internet, including: the availability of material normally restricted electronic commerce domination of content and control of access to the Internet the changing nature of social interactions 9.3 Communication Systemsissues related to communication systems
28. Students learn about: identify the issues associated with the use of communication systems, including: teleconferencing systems messaging systems e-commerce EFTPOS electronic banking design and implement a communication system to meet an individual need predict developments in communication systems based on current trends 9.3 Communication Systemsissues related to communication systems