2016 International Conference on Pulses – Concluding remarksCGIAR
This document summarizes key points from presentations at the 2016 International Conference on Pulses. Over 300 participants from 36 countries attended. Presentations covered topics like pulses genomics, genetic resources conservation, breeding innovations, and opportunities to enhance pulses production. It discussed the shift in CGIAR's research programs from commodity-focused to agri-food systems approaches. The concluding remarks emphasized the need for more integrated, collaborative research to address complex challenges through social, institutional and technological innovations.
International Conference on Pulses 2016 Concluding RemarksICARDA
This document summarizes key points from presentations at the 2016 International Conference on Pulses. It discusses the transition from commodity-focused CRPs to agri-food systems CRPs, and the importance of taking multi-disciplinary, collaborative approaches. The Dryland Cereals and Legumes CRP was presented as an example, focusing on pre-breeding, trait discovery, variety development, and improving seed systems. Developing sustainable intensification and addressing challenges through 2050 will require innovative solutions and integrating social and technological innovations.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
ILRI program outline: Feed and Forage Development ILRI
This document outlines the ILRI Feed and Forage Development program. The program aims to reduce feed costs and improve feeds, forages, and feeding strategies through research. Key areas of research include feed resources, private sector capabilities, and feed supply and demand scenarios. The program structure includes teams on feeds and feeding strategies, forage diversity, and genetic variability. The research contributes to various CRPs and impacts pathways involve improved access to forage genetic resources and training. Exciting new technologies being explored include ammonia fiber expansion to increase digestibility of crop residues and studying genetic diversity of Napier grass.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Tropical...ICRISAT
Dr Rajeev K Varshney updated on the key points on ropical Legumes Projects ; Development and release of farmer-preferred varieties in the target crop x geography, Strengthening of the legume breeding capacity of the partner CGIAR and NARS partners, Program Improvement Plan (PIP) based on the results of the Breeding Program Assessment Tool (BPAT). The establishment of sustainable seed delivery systems that service the needs of small-holders.
Masiga - Enhanced Utilization of Biotechnology Research and Development Innov...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Gahakwa - Overview of agricultural research in Rwanda for the past 10 yearsCIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
2016 International Conference on Pulses – Concluding remarksCGIAR
This document summarizes key points from presentations at the 2016 International Conference on Pulses. Over 300 participants from 36 countries attended. Presentations covered topics like pulses genomics, genetic resources conservation, breeding innovations, and opportunities to enhance pulses production. It discussed the shift in CGIAR's research programs from commodity-focused to agri-food systems approaches. The concluding remarks emphasized the need for more integrated, collaborative research to address complex challenges through social, institutional and technological innovations.
International Conference on Pulses 2016 Concluding RemarksICARDA
This document summarizes key points from presentations at the 2016 International Conference on Pulses. It discusses the transition from commodity-focused CRPs to agri-food systems CRPs, and the importance of taking multi-disciplinary, collaborative approaches. The Dryland Cereals and Legumes CRP was presented as an example, focusing on pre-breeding, trait discovery, variety development, and improving seed systems. Developing sustainable intensification and addressing challenges through 2050 will require innovative solutions and integrating social and technological innovations.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
ILRI program outline: Feed and Forage Development ILRI
This document outlines the ILRI Feed and Forage Development program. The program aims to reduce feed costs and improve feeds, forages, and feeding strategies through research. Key areas of research include feed resources, private sector capabilities, and feed supply and demand scenarios. The program structure includes teams on feeds and feeding strategies, forage diversity, and genetic variability. The research contributes to various CRPs and impacts pathways involve improved access to forage genetic resources and training. Exciting new technologies being explored include ammonia fiber expansion to increase digestibility of crop residues and studying genetic diversity of Napier grass.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Tropical...ICRISAT
Dr Rajeev K Varshney updated on the key points on ropical Legumes Projects ; Development and release of farmer-preferred varieties in the target crop x geography, Strengthening of the legume breeding capacity of the partner CGIAR and NARS partners, Program Improvement Plan (PIP) based on the results of the Breeding Program Assessment Tool (BPAT). The establishment of sustainable seed delivery systems that service the needs of small-holders.
Masiga - Enhanced Utilization of Biotechnology Research and Development Innov...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Gahakwa - Overview of agricultural research in Rwanda for the past 10 yearsCIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
This document discusses the Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) research program. It provides background on RTB's structure, including its transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Key aspects summarized are:
- RTB has transitioned from a theme-based structure to one organized around 6 flagship projects and 25 clusters of activities.
- Reviews by the Independent Evaluation Arrangement and Independent Science and Partnership Council found RTB to be successful and have a clear comparative advantage, but recommended stronger integration across centers.
- Next steps include reporting through various documents, IITA leading in two African priority sites, an annual meeting in December, and submitting the full Phase 2 proposal by March 31.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Delivering Acceler...ICRISAT
Strengthening the Science of Delivery by increasing total seed production and availability, increasing access to high-quality seed of improved varieties, creating demand for quality seed (e.g. through value-chain support, demonstration trials, postharvest handling including seed, business training and market linkages), reaching farmers through formal and informal seed systems, lowering costs of seed.......
This document discusses the status and future of cassava production. It begins by reviewing historical trends of increasing cassava yields in various countries from 1961 to 2009. While yields of 30-40 tons per hectare are possible with good management, most countries have not reached yield potential. The document then discusses lessons learned, including the importance of sustained investment in research, genetic improvement, and integrated production/market systems. Going forward, the document calls for developing new cassava varieties with traits for high yields, pest/disease resistance, and specific end uses. This will require revitalizing national research programs with new technologies, such as genomics, phenomics, and marker-assisted breeding. The overarching vision is to develop cassava
The AgroEcoHealth Platform at IITA is currently working on several ongoing activities and projects:
1) Studying insecticide resistance and malaria control related to agriculture.
2) Examining the quality and safety of irrigation water and vegetables for farmers and consumers.
3) Analyzing gender roles in vegetable production and related health risks.
They are preparing several papers, conducting trainings, and developing new proposals on topics like antimicrobial resistance and the link between agricultural pesticide use and malaria vector resistance.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture Centro Internacional de Agricul...SIANI
Presented as part of the SIANI Hesa Expert Group meeting in Chulalongkorn University School of Agricultural Resources (CUSAR) in Bangkok. More at: http://bit.ly/1NwBkbp
WHEAT - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013cgxchange
This document summarizes the agenda and presentations for a CRP Engagement with Donors meeting on wheat. It includes:
- An overview of WHEAT's Impact Pathways, Theories of Change, and impact on the ground through improved wheat varieties.
- Examples of impact through genetic discoveries to combat wheat rust in Africa and make countries epidemic-proof.
- Charts showing the large number of poor people dependent on wheat-based farming systems in South Asia.
- Details of WHEAT's regional collaborations and flagship projects focused on sustainably growing more wheat with less inputs and improved livelihoods.
- Information on refining WHEAT's Intermediate Development Outcomes with research partners.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Global o...ICRISAT
Dr Rajeev K Varshney updated on the key points on Global open breeding informatics initiative project; Translating genomics information for crop improvement, Genomic resources and cost-effective genotyping platforms are made available with precise phenotyping, user friendly pipelines and decision support tools developed for use in Breeding programs.
GRiSP - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013CGIAR
- GRiSP is a global partnership led by IRRI that coordinates rice research and development among international organizations to address challenges facing global rice production.
- Its goals are to increase rice production sustainably and profitably for farmers, improve food security and nutrition, and reduce the environmental footprint of rice.
- Key targets for its first phase included lifting 72 million people out of poverty and reducing hunger for 40 million people in Asia through increased rice yields and incomes for farmers.
- It has over 900 research and development partners worldwide working across six themes, from genetic diversity to capacity building. Indicators will track progress toward outcomes like increased yields, water productivity, and farmer incomes.
This document provides an overview of the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP), a global partnership led by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to coordinate rice research. GRiSP involves 16 international research centers and has an annual budget of $100 million. Its objectives are to increase rice productivity, foster more sustainable rice production systems, and improve the rice sector. Key activities include resequencing rice genomes, developing new rice varieties, evaluating management practices, improving post-harvest technologies, and partnering for large-scale impact. Highlights discussed include resequencing 3000 rice genomes, developing novel genetic resources like NAM populations, operating a global phenotyping platform, and awarding 31 scholarships under the Global Rice Science Scholarship
Roux - A global information and knowledge sharing approach to facilitate the ...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Kimaru-Muchai - Communication Channels used in dissemination of soil fertilit...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
This document discusses two fertilizer recommendation use cases in Nigeria and Tanzania:
1) A fertilizer recommendation decision support tool called Nutrient Expert is being developed using the QUEFTS modeling approach to provide site-specific nutrient management recommendations for cassava production. Nutrient omission trials are being conducted to generate calibration data.
2) A fertilizer blending use case aims to support the fertilizer industry in developing crop-specific fertilizer blends for cassava by providing a tool with advice on appropriate blends for geographical areas based on soil fertility, input costs, and demand. The primary clients are private sector fertilizer producers.
Mowo - Targeting farmer’s priorities for effective agricultural intensificati...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Proposed contributions of Africa RISING for AICCRA small ruminant value chain...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Melkamu Bezabih and Aberra Adie at the Accelerating the impacts of CGIAR climate research in Africa (AICCRA) Virtual team meeting, 21 August 2020
A multi-discipline effort to provide options for sustainable intensification ...africa-rising
This document summarizes a multi-disciplinary effort between the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute to promote sustainable intensification of smallholder farming systems in Africa. The goal is to create pathways out of poverty for smallholder families. Key activities include advancing production, improving nutrition and food safety, and transforming production systems. The document provides details on situation analysis conducted in Babati district of Tanzania that identified challenges like poor agricultural practices, high crop losses, and livestock malnutrition. It outlines prioritized intervention niches being tested, like fodder banks and intercropping, as well as expected outputs which include identifying suitable forage species and describing integrated packages to farmers.
The summary provides an overview of ICRISAT's research programs in Asia during 2020-2021, which faced challenges due to COVID-19 restrictions. Key points include:
- Virtual meetings and online platforms were used extensively for collaboration and capacity building during lockdowns.
- Several new crop varieties of chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet were released in India, featuring improved traits like disease resistance, yield, quality and adaptability.
- Breeding efforts identified new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance, as well as high-yielding lines. Modernization initiatives were advanced through establishment of new facilities, modeling, and
Impacts of 50 years of CIAT research on Tropical AgricultureCIAT
CIAT has worked with partners for 50 years on tropical agriculture research. This research has had significant impacts:
- Bean, cassava, rice, and forage research led to billions in benefits, with beans research alone resulting in $17.4 billion in economic benefits.
- New varieties of various crops were widely adopted, increasing yields and incomes for millions of farmers.
- Recent soil and market linkage research improved sustainability and financial outcomes for smallholders.
- Participatory approaches facilitated environmental protection and new variety development.
van Schagen - Walking the impact pathway: The CIALCA Experience in Mobilizing...CIALCA
CIALCA aims to deliver agricultural knowledge to farmers in the African Great Lakes region through impact pathways. Their goal is direct and measurable change in farmer livelihoods from their research. They expect to positively impact at least 50,000 households across mandate areas containing 8.5 million people. CIALCA is moving from a linear knowledge transfer approach to participatory approaches that place farmers' knowledge and priorities at the center. They are focusing on partnerships, communication channels, and understanding how impact is achieved through impact pathways. Recommendations include institutionalizing impact pathways in project design and evaluating lessons learned to improve innovation system approaches.
Enhancing Global Food Resources: CGIAR Strategy and its future Portfolio of P...CGIAR
Presented to the Second International Forum on Global Food Resources, 5-6 October 2016, Hokkaido University.
By Peter Gardiner, CGIAR System Management Office, France
This document discusses the Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) research program. It provides background on RTB's structure, including its transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Key aspects summarized are:
- RTB has transitioned from a theme-based structure to one organized around 6 flagship projects and 25 clusters of activities.
- Reviews by the Independent Evaluation Arrangement and Independent Science and Partnership Council found RTB to be successful and have a clear comparative advantage, but recommended stronger integration across centers.
- Next steps include reporting through various documents, IITA leading in two African priority sites, an annual meeting in December, and submitting the full Phase 2 proposal by March 31.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Delivering Acceler...ICRISAT
Strengthening the Science of Delivery by increasing total seed production and availability, increasing access to high-quality seed of improved varieties, creating demand for quality seed (e.g. through value-chain support, demonstration trials, postharvest handling including seed, business training and market linkages), reaching farmers through formal and informal seed systems, lowering costs of seed.......
This document discusses the status and future of cassava production. It begins by reviewing historical trends of increasing cassava yields in various countries from 1961 to 2009. While yields of 30-40 tons per hectare are possible with good management, most countries have not reached yield potential. The document then discusses lessons learned, including the importance of sustained investment in research, genetic improvement, and integrated production/market systems. Going forward, the document calls for developing new cassava varieties with traits for high yields, pest/disease resistance, and specific end uses. This will require revitalizing national research programs with new technologies, such as genomics, phenomics, and marker-assisted breeding. The overarching vision is to develop cassava
The AgroEcoHealth Platform at IITA is currently working on several ongoing activities and projects:
1) Studying insecticide resistance and malaria control related to agriculture.
2) Examining the quality and safety of irrigation water and vegetables for farmers and consumers.
3) Analyzing gender roles in vegetable production and related health risks.
They are preparing several papers, conducting trainings, and developing new proposals on topics like antimicrobial resistance and the link between agricultural pesticide use and malaria vector resistance.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture Centro Internacional de Agricul...SIANI
Presented as part of the SIANI Hesa Expert Group meeting in Chulalongkorn University School of Agricultural Resources (CUSAR) in Bangkok. More at: http://bit.ly/1NwBkbp
WHEAT - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013cgxchange
This document summarizes the agenda and presentations for a CRP Engagement with Donors meeting on wheat. It includes:
- An overview of WHEAT's Impact Pathways, Theories of Change, and impact on the ground through improved wheat varieties.
- Examples of impact through genetic discoveries to combat wheat rust in Africa and make countries epidemic-proof.
- Charts showing the large number of poor people dependent on wheat-based farming systems in South Asia.
- Details of WHEAT's regional collaborations and flagship projects focused on sustainably growing more wheat with less inputs and improved livelihoods.
- Information on refining WHEAT's Intermediate Development Outcomes with research partners.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Update on Global o...ICRISAT
Dr Rajeev K Varshney updated on the key points on Global open breeding informatics initiative project; Translating genomics information for crop improvement, Genomic resources and cost-effective genotyping platforms are made available with precise phenotyping, user friendly pipelines and decision support tools developed for use in Breeding programs.
GRiSP - Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners - June 2013CGIAR
- GRiSP is a global partnership led by IRRI that coordinates rice research and development among international organizations to address challenges facing global rice production.
- Its goals are to increase rice production sustainably and profitably for farmers, improve food security and nutrition, and reduce the environmental footprint of rice.
- Key targets for its first phase included lifting 72 million people out of poverty and reducing hunger for 40 million people in Asia through increased rice yields and incomes for farmers.
- It has over 900 research and development partners worldwide working across six themes, from genetic diversity to capacity building. Indicators will track progress toward outcomes like increased yields, water productivity, and farmer incomes.
This document provides an overview of the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP), a global partnership led by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to coordinate rice research. GRiSP involves 16 international research centers and has an annual budget of $100 million. Its objectives are to increase rice productivity, foster more sustainable rice production systems, and improve the rice sector. Key activities include resequencing rice genomes, developing new rice varieties, evaluating management practices, improving post-harvest technologies, and partnering for large-scale impact. Highlights discussed include resequencing 3000 rice genomes, developing novel genetic resources like NAM populations, operating a global phenotyping platform, and awarding 31 scholarships under the Global Rice Science Scholarship
Roux - A global information and knowledge sharing approach to facilitate the ...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Kimaru-Muchai - Communication Channels used in dissemination of soil fertilit...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
This document discusses two fertilizer recommendation use cases in Nigeria and Tanzania:
1) A fertilizer recommendation decision support tool called Nutrient Expert is being developed using the QUEFTS modeling approach to provide site-specific nutrient management recommendations for cassava production. Nutrient omission trials are being conducted to generate calibration data.
2) A fertilizer blending use case aims to support the fertilizer industry in developing crop-specific fertilizer blends for cassava by providing a tool with advice on appropriate blends for geographical areas based on soil fertility, input costs, and demand. The primary clients are private sector fertilizer producers.
Mowo - Targeting farmer’s priorities for effective agricultural intensificati...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Proposed contributions of Africa RISING for AICCRA small ruminant value chain...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Melkamu Bezabih and Aberra Adie at the Accelerating the impacts of CGIAR climate research in Africa (AICCRA) Virtual team meeting, 21 August 2020
A multi-discipline effort to provide options for sustainable intensification ...africa-rising
This document summarizes a multi-disciplinary effort between the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and International Livestock Research Institute to promote sustainable intensification of smallholder farming systems in Africa. The goal is to create pathways out of poverty for smallholder families. Key activities include advancing production, improving nutrition and food safety, and transforming production systems. The document provides details on situation analysis conducted in Babati district of Tanzania that identified challenges like poor agricultural practices, high crop losses, and livestock malnutrition. It outlines prioritized intervention niches being tested, like fodder banks and intercropping, as well as expected outputs which include identifying suitable forage species and describing integrated packages to farmers.
The summary provides an overview of ICRISAT's research programs in Asia during 2020-2021, which faced challenges due to COVID-19 restrictions. Key points include:
- Virtual meetings and online platforms were used extensively for collaboration and capacity building during lockdowns.
- Several new crop varieties of chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet were released in India, featuring improved traits like disease resistance, yield, quality and adaptability.
- Breeding efforts identified new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance, as well as high-yielding lines. Modernization initiatives were advanced through establishment of new facilities, modeling, and
Impacts of 50 years of CIAT research on Tropical AgricultureCIAT
CIAT has worked with partners for 50 years on tropical agriculture research. This research has had significant impacts:
- Bean, cassava, rice, and forage research led to billions in benefits, with beans research alone resulting in $17.4 billion in economic benefits.
- New varieties of various crops were widely adopted, increasing yields and incomes for millions of farmers.
- Recent soil and market linkage research improved sustainability and financial outcomes for smallholders.
- Participatory approaches facilitated environmental protection and new variety development.
van Schagen - Walking the impact pathway: The CIALCA Experience in Mobilizing...CIALCA
CIALCA aims to deliver agricultural knowledge to farmers in the African Great Lakes region through impact pathways. Their goal is direct and measurable change in farmer livelihoods from their research. They expect to positively impact at least 50,000 households across mandate areas containing 8.5 million people. CIALCA is moving from a linear knowledge transfer approach to participatory approaches that place farmers' knowledge and priorities at the center. They are focusing on partnerships, communication channels, and understanding how impact is achieved through impact pathways. Recommendations include institutionalizing impact pathways in project design and evaluating lessons learned to improve innovation system approaches.
Enhancing Global Food Resources: CGIAR Strategy and its future Portfolio of P...CGIAR
Presented to the Second International Forum on Global Food Resources, 5-6 October 2016, Hokkaido University.
By Peter Gardiner, CGIAR System Management Office, France
1. High and stable tuber yield
2. Tuber characteristics that facilitate harvesting and are valued by consumers (e.g. shape, size, storability, dry matter content and food quality)
3. Resistance to biotic stresses (e.g. viruses, anthracnose, nematodes)
4. Tolerance to abiotic stresses (e.g. low soil nutrients, drought)
5. Suitability to major cropping systems (e.g. plant architecture, and maturity period).
6. Nutritional value and metabolites
Country Status Reports on Agricultural Biotechnology - Pakistanapaari
This document provides an overview of the current status of agricultural biotechnology in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has a largely rural population of over 132 million people and agriculture contributes 19% to GDP. The country invests 0.18% of agricultural GDP in agricultural research, with about half (US$51.8 million) going towards agricultural biotechnology research. Several crops have been genetically engineered for traits like insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Pakistan has approved commercial cultivation of Bt cotton. The document outlines challenges around food security for Pakistan's growing population and calls for increased investment and capacity building in agricultural biotechnology.
Creating Shared Value for Rice in Latin America and the CaribbeanCIAT
The document summarizes rice research at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Latin America and the Caribbean. It notes that rice is a staple crop in the region and demand is growing, but production faces challenges from climate change, high fertilizer prices, and narrow genetic diversity. CIAT's rice program aims to develop eco-efficient rice varieties with higher yields, nutrient content, stress tolerance, and water/fertilizer efficiency to ensure food security through partnerships with other organizations in the region. The program will provide improved rice germplasm, broaden genetic resources, establish evaluation platforms, and transfer technologies to farmers to boost sustainable production.
High yielding and disease resistant chickpea varieties released in EthiopiaTropical Legumes III
Three new chickpea varieties with higher yields, disease resistance, and early maturity were released for production in high-altitude areas of Ethiopia. The varieties were developed through collaboration between ICARDA, EIAR, and ICRISAT. Breeding lines for the varieties came from ICRISAT and ICARDA. The varieties showed improved yields compared to standard and local varieties currently grown in the region. The new varieties are expected to improve food security and incomes for farmers in Ethiopia.
Solutions for Impact in Emerging Markets: The role of biotechnologyICRISAT
To develop and deploy state-of-the-art infrastructure for conduct of transgenic research and to act as a clearinghouse for technology inputs, transgenic research leads/ prototypes with proof of concept derived from Indian research institutes, universities, and other likely sources.Also to evolve the technology to a point where a practical application can be demonstrated, and transfer this “evolved” technology for product development and distribution to appropriate agencies.
Dr. Swapan Kumar Datta discusses pulses research and development in India. 111 improved varieties of pulses have been developed along with 6000 demonstrations across the country. There is a need for pod borer resistant GM pigeon pea and chickpea. Lentils are a nutritious grain legume high in protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, and folates. Chickpea production in India is projected to increase from 18.5 mt currently to 28 mt by 2020-21 through yield increases of 8.6% annually. Challenges for pulses in India include declining area, low genetic yield potential, biotic and abiotic stresses, and post-harvest losses. The government has implemented several programs
This document discusses IITA's yam germplasm collection and conservation efforts. It notes that IITA's yam collection contains over 3,800 accessions originating from West and Central African countries. The collection is conserved using both in vitro and on-farm methods. Characterization of the collection involves morphological and genetic analysis to understand diversity. The collection is available for research and breeding through IITA's genebank system with the goal of supporting increased yam production and food security in Africa.
1) The document discusses the importance of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement and ensuring global food security. It highlights how PGR were crucial for the Green Revolution and remain important for addressing future challenges like climate change.
2) It provides an overview of the current status of biodiversity and challenges threatening it like population growth, pollution, and climate change. It also summarizes Pakistan's PGR conservation efforts and how they contribute to food security.
3) The document advocates for an integrated approach utilizing PGR, including crop wild relatives in genebanks, to develop climate-resilient varieties through techniques like molecular mapping and genetic engineering. International cooperation on PGR is also emphasized.
Personal reflection on the status and challenges regarding use of agricultura...ExternalEvents
The document discusses the status and challenges of agricultural biotechnologies in Asia Pacific regions. It notes that molecular breeding, genetic engineering, microbiology, and biodegradation technologies are currently used approaches that can benefit farmers in the region. Some concerns with GM technologies include the need for proper risk assessment, management, and public awareness. New technologies such as gene editing should also be explored. Governments in the region need clear policies to facilitate the commercialization of products while addressing social issues.
Presentation by Aly Abousabaa from ICARDA at the Breeding Advantage event on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
Abdul GHAFOOR discusses the potential of plant genetic resources for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. The document outlines strategies and management approaches. As the global population grows, climate change poses challenges to food security through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. Plant genetic resources and crop wild relatives are critical for developing climate-resilient crop varieties but many are threatened or under-conserved. The document calls for integrated approaches utilizing plant genetic resources, community-based management, and international cooperation to address food insecurity exacerbated by climate change.
CIAT is a CGIAR research center focused on reducing hunger and poverty in the tropics through agricultural research. It faces the challenges of feeding a growing population with less land and water and a changing climate. CIAT conducts research to increase crop productivity, improve natural resource management, and inform policies, with a focus on beans, cassava, rice and forages. It works across Africa, Asia, and Latin America to deliver impacts at scale through partnerships.
Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropicscropreg
The document discusses supporting agricultural research and development (R&D) in the semi-arid tropics. It outlines the challenges facing agriculture in this region, including food insecurity, land degradation, drought, and climate change impacts. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) works to address these challenges through research programs on grain legumes and dryland cereals, as well as climate change adaptation. ICRISAT has made major impacts through improved crop varieties, integrated watershed management, and other initiatives to increase food security and farmer incomes in the dryland tropics.
Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT
A presentation by ICRISAT Director General William Dar on the topic 'Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics'.
The presentation highlights:
- Challenges in Agriculture in SAT
- CGIAR Research Programs
- Adaptation to Climate Change
- Major Impact of ICRISAT’s Research
- Key Stakeholders
M.S. Swaminathan presents: Achieving the Zero Hunger Challenge & the Role of ...Harvest Plus
This document summarizes Prof. M S Swaminathan's keynote address at the 2nd Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses how biofortification can help achieve the UN's Zero Hunger Challenge goal by 2025. It outlines the challenges of malnutrition in South Asia and Africa. It highlights the role of biofortified crops and varieties in addressing malnutrition. It discusses examples like high-iron pearl millet, zinc-rich rice, and genetically modified Golden Rice. The document emphasizes partnerships between public-private sectors, nutrition literacy, and measurable indicators to ensure the success of biofortification efforts.
Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for tar...CGIAR
This presentation was given on 19 December 2019 by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals), Ms. Katindi Sivi-Njonjo (GLDC Affiliated PhD student) and Dr. Eileen Bogweh Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT) as part of the webinar ‘Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for targeting'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-youth-dryland/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Power through: A new concept in the empowerment discourseCGIAR
This presentation was given by Alessandra Galiè (ILRI) and Cathy Farnworth (independent) on 27 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Power through: A new concept in the empowerment discourse'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-power-through/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Friends, neighbours and village cereal stockists: hope for non-hybrid seed ac...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals) on 21 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide lessons'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and CGIAR Research Program on Maize.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-seed-system-ssa/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Seed security and resilience: Gender perspectivesCGIAR
This presentation was given by Shawn McGuire (Food and Agriculture Organization / FAO) on 21 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide lessons'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and CGIAR Research Program on Maize.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-seed-system-ssa/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide le...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Rahma Adams (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center / CIMMYT) on 21 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide lessons'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and CGIAR Research Program on Maize.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-seed-system-ssa/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Reflections on gender transformative approaches in agriculture – The promise ...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Franz Wong (KIT Royal Tropical Institute) and Rhiannon Pyburn (CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research) on 20 June 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Reflections on gender transformative approaches in agriculture – The promise and cautionary tales'.
The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-gta-2019/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Culture, choice and action in legume seeds systems in East and North UgandaCGIAR
This presentation was given by Dr. Esther Njuguna-Mungai (ICRISAT) and Catherine Mesianto Lengewa (CBCC-Africa) on May 10, 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Culture, choice and action in legume seeds systems in East and North Uganda'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-nonhybrid-seeds-uganda/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Gender differentiation of farmers' knowledge, trait preferences and its impac...CGIAR
This poster was presented by Hellen Opie (National Agricultural Research Organization), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Commodity corridor approach: Facilitating gender integration in development r...CGIAR
This poster was presented by Eileen Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture/CIAT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Gender and food systems research: Key lessons from the Canadian International...CGIAR
The document summarizes key lessons from analyzing gender integration strategies and outcomes in projects funded by the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) between 2009-2018. It finds that projects taking targeted approaches to involve women tended to have narrow outcomes, while those addressing underlying gender barriers and women's empowerment had more impact. The relationship between strategies and outcomes is complex, as higher-level outcomes like empowerment involve mutually reinforcing changes over time. Ensuring gender is central to project design and using common metrics can strengthen integration and outcomes.
Revisiting women's empowerment through a cultural lensCGIAR
This presentation was given by Sarah de Smet (SNV), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Integrating gender in aquaculture and small scale fisheries agri-food systems...CGIAR
This document summarizes a presentation on integrating gender in aquaculture and small-scale fisheries research. It discusses two key approaches - using a theory of change to make gender assumptions and concerns explicit, and applying a gender lens to each stage of the research project cycle. Common pitfalls in gender integration like focusing only on women or overlooking intersectionality are also outlined. The presentation provides tips for practitioners on how to operationalize gender integration in their work.
Learning to work as a farming family team: Farmer responses to a gender-inclu...CGIAR
This document summarizes research on a gender-inclusive farming family team (FFT) approach used in Papua New Guinea. The research aimed to understand barriers and enablers for women's participation and the model's influence. It found that women learn more when their families are included and communicating roles clearly is important. Practicing concepts concretely on farms aids learning. Key barriers were limited land and climate challenges. Recommendations included continuing the structured FFT approach and using participatory adult learning methods.
Building gender equity from the bottom up in agricultural communitiesCGIAR
This keynote presentation was given by Katherine Gibson (Western Sydney University), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
The role of paid and unpaid labour on sorghum and finger millet production in...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Rachel Gitundu (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics / ICRISAT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Scrutinizing the 'feminization of agriculture' hypothesis: trajectories of la...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Kartika Juniwaty (Center for International Forestry Research), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Rural transformation, empowerment, and agricultural linkages in NepalCGIAR
This presentation was given by Kalyani Raghunathan (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Intra-household decision-making processes: What the qualitative and quantitat...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Juliana Muriel (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Developing measures of freedom of movement for gender studies of agricultural...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Jessica Heckert (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Building intellectual bridges and shared agendas / Strategy and example: gend...CGIAR
This double presentation was given by Jayne Curnow (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) and Vicki Wilde (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Biotech and innovative breeding for the new Agri-Food System CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs)
1. Biotech and innovative breeding for the new Agri-
Food System CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs)
10th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress, Bangkok Thailand
P. Ellul, Senior Officer
CGIAR System Organization
25-27 July 2016
2. www.cgiar.org
Yield increase and the Green Revolution
• Pilot program (1940s-50s) for developing semi-dwarf, high-
yield and disease-resistant varieties
• Mexico self-sufficient in wheat in the 1950s
• Varieties imported by India and Pakistan => Green Revolution
1
• CIMMYT created in 1966 (Rockefeller and Ford Foundations,
and the Mexican Government)
Norman Borlaug
1970 Nobel Peace Price
5. www.cgiar.org
1st Strategic Research Framework (2008)
4
• Donors united in CGIAR Fund
• 15 Centers collaborating in transversal cross-cutting
CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs)
• 1st Portfolio of 16 CRPs
• 80% part of CGIAR’s work, through CRPs
• Focused on delivering + development outcomes
• CGIAR funding average growth ... from $0.7B USD (2011)
to $1B USD in 2014
7. www.cgiar.org
16 CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs)
6
• MAIZE
• WHEAT
• GRiSP (Global Rice Science Partnership)
• Roots, Tubers & Bananas
• Dryland Cereals
• Grain Legumes
• Livestock & Fish
• Humid Tropics
• Aquatic Agricultural Systems
• Dryland Systems
• Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
• Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
• Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)
• CRP for Managing & Sustaining Crop
Collections
• Policies, Institutions & Market
• Agriculture for Nutrition & Health
8. www.cgiar.org
CGIAR Strategy 2017–2030
2nd CGIAR’s Strategy and Results Framework (SRF) 2017–2030
is ambitious. It defines our aspirations and strategic actions to
deliver on our mission.
Our vision: A world free of poverty, hunger and environmental
degradation.
Our Mission: To advance agri-food science and innovation to
enable poor people, especially poor women, to increase
agricultural productivity and resilience, share in economic
growth, feed themselves and their families better, and conserve
natural resources in the face of climate change and other threats.
9. www.cgiar.org
New SRF and the second generation of CRPs
New SRF guides the development and implementation of an ambitious
portfolio of “second-generation” CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs)
Focuses on selected grand challenges, and is articulated in 3 strategic
goals, or System Level Outcomes (SLOs), which by 2030 will contribute
significantly to the achievement of key Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)
10. www.cgiar.org
System Level Outcome (SLO) 1
Reduced Poverty
• 350 million more farm
households should have
adopted improved varieties,
breeds or trees, and/or
improved management
practices
• 100 million people, of which
50% are women, assisted to
exit poverty
Targets for 2030
11. www.cgiar.org
System level Outcome (SLO) 2
Improved Food & Nutrition Security for Health
• Yield increase rate of major food staples
from current <2.0 to 2.5%/yr.
• 150 million more people, of which 50%
are women, meeting minimum dietary
energy requirements
• 500 million more people, of which 50%
are women, without deficiencies of one
or more of the essential micronutrients
• 33% reduction of women in
reproductive age who are consuming
less than the adequate number of food
groups
Targets for 2030
12. www.cgiar.org
System level Outcome (SLO) 3 Improved Natural
Resource Systems & Ecosystem Services
• 20% increase in water and nutrient
(inorganic, biological) use efficiency in
agro-ecosystems, including through
recycling and reuse
• Reduce agriculturally-related
greenhouse gas emissions by 0.8 Gt
CO2-e yr–1 (15%) compared with a
business as usual scenario in 2030
• 190 million hectares (ha) degraded land
restored
• 7.5 million ha of forest saved from
deforestation
Targets for 2030
17. www.cgiar.org
Leading international sequencing consortia
ICRISAT / Grain Legumes & Dryland Cereals CRPs
Chickpea
(Nature Biotechnology- 2013)
Pigeonpea
(Nature Biotechnology- 2012)
Pearl millet- 2016
Kindly provided by Dr Rajeev Varshney (ICRISAT/ Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals)
18. www.cgiar.org
Co-leading international sequencing consortia
ICRISAT / Grain Legumes & Dryland Cereals CRPs
Sesame
(Genome Biology 2014)
Kindly provided by Dr Rajeev Varshney (ICRISAT/ Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals)
Mungbean
(Nature Communication- 2014)
Pearl millet- 2016
(in revision)
19. www.cgiar.org
From re-sequencing 300 chickpea
accessions… to the 3K genome initiative
4.9 Million SNPs
596,000 indels
512,000 CNVs
Kindly provided by Dr Rajeev Varshney (ICRISAT/ Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals)
20. www.cgiar.org
Sequencing 3,000 rice accessions
indica
aus
temperate
tropical
japonica
aromatic
admixed
GRiSP
CAAS
Kindly provided by Dr. Ken Mc Nally (IRRI/GRiSP)
From Alexandrov, et al. SNP-Seek database of SNPs derived from 3000 rice genomes.
Nucl. Acids Res. 2015;43(D1):D1023-D1027
21. www.cgiar.org
Rice SNP-Seek database / 20 Million SNPs
From Alexandrov, et al. SNP-Seek database of SNPs derived from 3000 rice genomes.
Nucl. Acids Res. 2015;43(D1):D1023-D1027
23. www.cgiar.org
High density genotyping: Seed of Discovery
● Maize: ~27,000 accessions in CIMMYT’s genebank
o Developed new GbS method for composite DNA samples (30
plants per accession); the method simultaneously
Quantifies allele frequencies within accessions (SNP), and
Estimates genetic distances among accessions
o Completed the sequencing of 20,000 accessions diversity analysis
in progress
● Wheat: ~140,000 accessions in CIMMYT’s genebank
o Completed sequencing of 42,000 accessions
o Data being used to assemble AM panels
Kindly provided by Dr. Peter Wenzl, ex-SeeD Project leader at CIMMYT; currently Genebank
Manager at CIAT
25. www.cgiar.org
Translational genomics for agriculture
From Varshney et al., PLOS Biology 2014
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001883
28. www.cgiar.org
Engineering biofortified rice varieties
Fe concentration (μ g g−1 DW) of polished seeds harvested from T1
homozygous plants of representative NAS, Fer, and NASFer events, null
segregant, and non-transformed rice under greenhouse conditions.
29. www.cgiar.org
Engineering biofortified rice varieties
Proof of concept = attaining Fe/Zn
nutritional targets under flooded field
conditions to fulfil 30% of EAR (Estimated
Average Requirement) in the human diet
30. www.cgiar.org
Impacting research for development
=> multi-institutional + multi-disciplinary
1. Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines.
2. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
3. Social Sciences Division, IRRI, Manila, Philippines
4. Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, The
Netherlands.
5. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
6. Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South
Australia, Australia.
7. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell
University, USA.
8. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
9. School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
10. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and
Development, Bogor, Indonesia.
11. Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia.
36. www.cgiar.org
Disruptive technology: Genome Editing (GE)
GE is the process of precise
genome modification using
engineered endonucleases
Nucleotides can be
• added
• deleted
• replaced
39. www.cgiar.org
GE => Interspecies allele introgression in
one generation
• RELA (transcription factor) is
one of the pig genes
associated with ASFV
infection.
• RELA gene causes the immune
system to overreact with
devastating effects
• Warthogs and bush pigs – both
more resilient to ASFV - carry a
different allelic version of the
RELA gene
=> by changing ‘only’ 5 nucleotides in the pig RELA gene, it is
converted into the resistant-gene that is found in the warthog.
From Science Daily, 23 February 2016.
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160223132535.htm
41. www.cgiar.org
Genetic engineering or Genome editing ?
From “ Root, Tubers and Bananas” CRP full proposal
http://www.cgiar.org/our-strategy/second-call-for-cgiar-research-programs/cgiar-
research-programs-platforms-full-proposals-for-review/
43. www.cgiar.org
Conclusions
CGIAR Portfolio 2017-22 addresses the [3 SLOs s + n SDGs]
8 Agri-Food System (AFS), 4 Global Integrating CRPs and 3
platforms (Excellence in breeding, Genebank, Big data)
Genomic characterization (sequencing and re-sequencing)
High throughput genotyping and phenotyping
Translational genomics and pre-breeding: Molecular Assisted
Selection (MAS), Genomic Selection (GS), Genome Wide
Association Studies (GWAS), etc…
Genetic engineering for specific traits
Genome editing for specific traits
44. www.cgiar.org
Our main donors
Australia
Austria
Bangladesh
Belgium
Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation
Canada
China
Denmark
European Commission
Finland
France
India
International Fund for
Agricultural Development
Iran
Ireland
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Russia
South Africa
Sudan
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States of America
World Bank
CIMMYT grew out of a pilot program sponsored by the Mexican government and the Rockefeller Foundation in the 1940s and 1950s aimed at raising farm productivity in Mexico. The wheat specialist in that program, Norman Borlaug, worked with Mexican researchers and farmers to develop hardier, short-stemmed wheat varieties that resisted devastating rust diseases and yielded much more grain than traditional varieties. The new wheat lines were bred and selected at various Mexican locations in a range of climate conditions, which meant they were adaptable to a range of farm settings. The higher yielding varieties helped Mexico attain self-sufficiency in wheat production in the 1950s. Additionally, the varieties were imported by India and Pakistan in the 1960s to stave off famine, soon bringing those countries record harvests. This led to the widespread adoption of improved varieties and farming practices, which became known as the “Green Revolution.” CIMMYT was formally launched as an international organization in 1966. Borlaug, who worked at CIMMYT as a wheat scientist and research leader until 1979, received the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize
ICRISAT (Rajeev Varshney) led international sequencing consortium to sequence genomes of pigeonpea, chickpea and pearl millet.
Rajeev co-led genome seqencing groundnut, mungbean, sesame, and Adzuki bean.
Now, ICRISAT is leading The 3000 Chickpea Genome Sequencing Initiative funded mainly by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and also from Australia and Canada. In addition to ICRISAT, IIPR, Junagadh Agricultural Uni, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Agricultural Research Station-Sehore, ICARDA, Uni of Western Australia and Uni of Saskatchewan are the partners in this project. They are sequencing 3000 chickpea lines and also phenotyping this collection at six different locations.
CNV = large segments of DNA, ranging in size from thousands to millions of DNA bases, varying in copy-number (more than two in diploid); they are copy number variations or CNVs
That allows
GWAS in Maize and GS in Wheat
Association Mapping in W & M
Interest of private partners (big 6), ARIs (Cornell); contractual and IP issues on “in silico” or “dematerialized” germplam information
Excellence in science and research/ published in Nature in feb 2016
Construct include NASFer-274 containing rice nicotianamine synthase (OsNAS2) or soybean ferritin (SferH-1) genes and both of them in the same construct
Rigorous selection was applied to 1,689 IR64 transgenic events for insert cleanliness and, trait and agronomic performances.
Single locus insertion without a yield penalty or altered grain quality were selected
10 research centers and 6 countries (North / South)
C3 carbon fixation is one of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, along with C4 and CAM.
This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction
In the majority of plants, including rice, CO2 is first fixed into a compound with three carbons (C3) by the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco)
The fundamentals of C4 photosynthesis are shown in a simplified form in the figure on the right. The photosynthesis processes of C4 plants are divided between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Two steps of C4 photosynthesis that occur in the mesophyll cells are the light-dependent reactions and a preliminary fixation of CO2 into a molecule called malate (C4).
Rubisco is inherently inefficient because it can also catalyze a reaction with oxygen from the air, in a wasteful process known as photorespiration (rather than photosynthesis). At temperatures above 20°C, there is increasing competition by oxygen (O2), with a dramatic reduction in CO2 fixation and photosynthetic efficiency. While all this is happening, water is escaping from the leaves while the CO2 is diffusing in. Thus, in the hot tropics where most rice is grown, photosynthesis becomes very inefficient.
C4 plants are more efficient in carbon dioxide concentration that results in increased efficiency in water and nitrogen use and improved adaptation to hotter and dryer environments. In nature, this has occurred more than 50 times in a wide range of flowering plants, indicating that, despite being complex, it is a relatively easy pathway to evolve.
Kranz (C4) anatomy arose before the C4 biochemistry within the bundle sheath cell, in response to photorespiration. Therefore, strategies to engineer C4 photosynthesis should first address the introduction of Kranz anatomy (= wreath bundle sheath cells) into C3 plants.
Long term project
Funded by BMGF for IRRI
A U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)–funded collaborative project between Yale and Cornell universities is using laser micro-dissection technologies to capture specific cell types in sorghum, maize, and rice leaves for further analysis of proteins and gene transcripts. A quantitative inventory of these molecules in each cell type will provide information regarding the regulation of gene expression and will explain how sorghum, maize, and rice plants differ in photosynthesis and in other cellular functions. We intend to integrate information from the NSF and this project using bioinformatics and systems modeling. At Washington State University and the University of Toronto, extensive research is being conducted on the structural and biochemical diversity among the 19 families of plants found to have C4 species, and on the progressive evolution from C3 to C3-C4 intermediates, and to C4 photosynthesis. Julian Hibberd (Cambridge) and Peter Westhoff (Dusseldorf) have been developing molecular tools to enable cell-specific genes to be introduced into rice via transformation.
Warthog = Phacochoerus africanus (closed to wild boar)
PIPRA was created in 2004 with support from the Rockefeller and McKnight Foundations. The initial members of the PIPRA network included the University of California (Oakland, Davis and Irvine); the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; North Carolina State University; Ohio State University; Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Michigan State University; Cornell University; University of Wisconsin-Madison; and University of Florida