This document summarizes a research study that tested the security of white-label cloud-based IoT cameras. The study found vulnerabilities that could allow hackers to compromise the cameras and access personal data without the owner's knowledge. Specifically, the study conducted penetration testing on a Chinese-made IoT camera to identify vulnerabilities. It was able to gain full access to the camera's video stream, showing how personal privacy can be invaded. The study recommends ways for users to protect themselves, such as encrypting data and using strong passwords.
This a IOT base ppt slide. It's more describe IOT system history and IOt devices . And also given most valuable and relevant information about IOT and devices.
This document discusses the challenges and solutions related to implementing the Internet of Things (IoT). It identifies several key challenges including security, interoperability, infrastructure requirements, workforce skills, cost, and energy. Solutions proposed include building security into devices and networks, adopting open standards, gradually implementing infrastructure, training workers, focusing on cost-effective projects initially, and developing smart battery technologies. The widespread adoption of IoT presents significant opportunities but also challenges that must be addressed for successful large-scale implementation.
The document discusses security issues with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the October 2016 distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on Dyn that disrupted access to major websites. The attack exploited the lack of security in many IoT devices, using the Mirai botnet comprised of compromised devices like security cameras and routers. While the IoT promises economic benefits, the growing number of devices increases vulnerabilities, as most lack strong encryption, unique passwords, and ability to receive updates. Improving IoT security is imperative to realizing its full potential and avoiding more serious cyberattacks.
The internet of things (io t) : IoT academy AnkitThakkar46
The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
- The document discusses securing the Internet of Things (IoT), where every physical object has a virtual presence and can interact over the Internet.
- Several obstacles stand in the way of fulfilling the IoT vision, including security issues as the Internet and its users are already under attack and constrained IoT devices are vulnerable.
- To implement IoT security successfully, researchers must understand the IoT conceptually, evaluate current Internet security, and develop solutions that can reasonably assure a secure IoT.
Unauthorized Access Detection in IoT using Canary Token AlgorithmIJSRED
- The document discusses a proposed algorithm called Canary Token Algorithm that can detect unauthorized access in Internet of Things (IoT) systems.
- Canary tokens act as an intrusion detection system and work by being deployed directly on user systems. Even if the server is compromised, canary tokens on user systems can still detect the compromise and warn users.
- The proposed model uses canary tokens that are integrated with an IoT login service. The canary tokens track login requests and trigger warnings to users if any unauthorized access is detected, even if the actual login fails. This provides an additional layer of security and detection when servers may be compromised.
IRJET - Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities in IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses how the growth of interconnected devices in IoT introduces new cyber security risks. Various types of attacks that threaten IoT systems are described, such as device attacks, network attacks, and denial of service attacks. The document also examines specific vulnerabilities in IoT protocols, firmware, and applications that can enable these attacks. Finally, some potential countermeasures for improving IoT security are mentioned, like implementing secure boot processes, mutual authentication between devices, and end-to-end encryption of communications.
All The Things: Security, Privacy & Safety in a World of Connected DevicesJohn D. Johnson
Much of our technology today is connected to the Internet and communicating information about us, our homes and businesses, back to manufacturers in order to give us something of value in return. It is estimated that by 2025, there may be as many as 80 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet. As IoT becomes a normal part of our everyday lives, at home, on the road, and at the office, privacy, security and safety become paramount.
This presentation will set the stage: What is IoT? How is it used today? How will it be used in the future? IoT provides both opportunities and risk to society, and IoT devices need to be secured as this world of connected devices become critical to how society functions.
This a IOT base ppt slide. It's more describe IOT system history and IOt devices . And also given most valuable and relevant information about IOT and devices.
This document discusses the challenges and solutions related to implementing the Internet of Things (IoT). It identifies several key challenges including security, interoperability, infrastructure requirements, workforce skills, cost, and energy. Solutions proposed include building security into devices and networks, adopting open standards, gradually implementing infrastructure, training workers, focusing on cost-effective projects initially, and developing smart battery technologies. The widespread adoption of IoT presents significant opportunities but also challenges that must be addressed for successful large-scale implementation.
The document discusses security issues with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the October 2016 distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on Dyn that disrupted access to major websites. The attack exploited the lack of security in many IoT devices, using the Mirai botnet comprised of compromised devices like security cameras and routers. While the IoT promises economic benefits, the growing number of devices increases vulnerabilities, as most lack strong encryption, unique passwords, and ability to receive updates. Improving IoT security is imperative to realizing its full potential and avoiding more serious cyberattacks.
The internet of things (io t) : IoT academy AnkitThakkar46
The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
- The document discusses securing the Internet of Things (IoT), where every physical object has a virtual presence and can interact over the Internet.
- Several obstacles stand in the way of fulfilling the IoT vision, including security issues as the Internet and its users are already under attack and constrained IoT devices are vulnerable.
- To implement IoT security successfully, researchers must understand the IoT conceptually, evaluate current Internet security, and develop solutions that can reasonably assure a secure IoT.
Unauthorized Access Detection in IoT using Canary Token AlgorithmIJSRED
- The document discusses a proposed algorithm called Canary Token Algorithm that can detect unauthorized access in Internet of Things (IoT) systems.
- Canary tokens act as an intrusion detection system and work by being deployed directly on user systems. Even if the server is compromised, canary tokens on user systems can still detect the compromise and warn users.
- The proposed model uses canary tokens that are integrated with an IoT login service. The canary tokens track login requests and trigger warnings to users if any unauthorized access is detected, even if the actual login fails. This provides an additional layer of security and detection when servers may be compromised.
IRJET - Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities in IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses how the growth of interconnected devices in IoT introduces new cyber security risks. Various types of attacks that threaten IoT systems are described, such as device attacks, network attacks, and denial of service attacks. The document also examines specific vulnerabilities in IoT protocols, firmware, and applications that can enable these attacks. Finally, some potential countermeasures for improving IoT security are mentioned, like implementing secure boot processes, mutual authentication between devices, and end-to-end encryption of communications.
All The Things: Security, Privacy & Safety in a World of Connected DevicesJohn D. Johnson
Much of our technology today is connected to the Internet and communicating information about us, our homes and businesses, back to manufacturers in order to give us something of value in return. It is estimated that by 2025, there may be as many as 80 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet. As IoT becomes a normal part of our everyday lives, at home, on the road, and at the office, privacy, security and safety become paramount.
This presentation will set the stage: What is IoT? How is it used today? How will it be used in the future? IoT provides both opportunities and risk to society, and IoT devices need to be secured as this world of connected devices become critical to how society functions.
Nigeria has drafted a cybersecurity policy framework to improve cybersecurity, but it has not yet been implemented. The framework outlines several key components including establishing accountability for cybersecurity positions, coordinating national cybersecurity efforts through a response committee, and creating a cybersecurity excellence center. It also aims to strengthen cybersecurity legislation, improve education and awareness, foster collaboration between public and private sectors, and increase cybersecurity training. However, the framework needs to be executed and gaps remain in educating the public and developing a culture of cybersecurity.
IoT Internet of Things , represents many kinds of devices in the field, connected to data centres via various networks, submitting data, and allow themselves to be controlled. Connected cameras, TV, media players, access control systems, and wireless sensors are becoming pervasive. Their applications include Retail Solutions, Home, Transportation and Automotive, Industrial and Energy etc. This growth also represents security threat, as several hacker attacks been launched using these devices as agents. We explore the current environment and propose a quantitative and qualitative trust model, using a multi dimensional exploration space, based on the hardware and software stack. This can be extended to any combination of IoT devices, and dynamically updated as the type of applications, deployment environment or any ingredients change. Karthik MV "Trust Modelling for Security of IoT Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31573.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/31573/trust-modelling-for-security-of-iot-devices/karthik-mv
IEEE Internet of Things (IoT) Initiative in Ukraine #iotconfuaAndy Shutka
The document provides information about the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and its Internet of Things (IoT) Initiative. The IEEE is a professional association for engineers with over 400,000 members worldwide. It produces over 30% of literature in electrical engineering and computer science fields. The IEEE IoT Initiative aims to serve as a platform for the global IoT technical community to learn, share knowledge, and collaborate on IoT technologies and applications. It hosts webinars, publishes newsletters and journals, holds events, and develops standards to advance the IoT field.
Comparative Study of Security Issue and Challenges in IoTijtsrd
In the past few years, Internet of things IoT has been a focal point of research. The Internet of Things IoT hold up an expansive scope of uses including keen urban areas, waste management, auxiliary wellbeing, security, crisis administrations, coordinations, retails, mechanical control, and wellbeing care. Privacy and Security are the key issues for IoT applications, and still face some colossal challenges. In late years, the Internet of Things IoT has increased calculable research consideration. Now days, the IoT is considered as eventual fate of the web. In future, IoT will assume a significant job and will change our gauges, plan of action just as living styles. Right now give a similar report on security issue and difficulties in iot just as a short depiction on utilizations of iot. Sayali Vishwanath Pawar "Comparative Study of Security Issue and Challenges in IoT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30653.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30653/comparative-study-of-security-issue-and-challenges-in-iot/sayali-vishwanath-pawar
IoT and the industrial Internet of Things - june 20 2019John D. Johnson
This document provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) security challenges. It discusses the growth of connected devices and resulting attack surfaces. It highlights threats like botnets using insecure IoT devices and risks to industrial control systems. The presentation emphasizes securing IoT and IIoT through measures like threat intelligence, endpoint management, network segmentation, and incident response capabilities. The goal is to help organizations address risks in an increasingly connected world.
Jan 2018: IoT trends in silicon valley keynote at consumer electronics forum ...Sudha Jamthe
Sudha's keynote about IoT Trends Silicon Valley kicking off the new year 2018 at Consumer Electronics Forum on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (silicon valley) on Jan 6th 2018, building up the excitement pre-CES 2018.
Sudha covers IoT from the perspective of Sensors and how they are driving Car Cognition, Connected Car telematics, Robots, Drones, Smart cities, Connected Appliances, Smart homes, with focus on data and machine learning.
The document discusses the need for security standards for the Internet of Things (IoT) as physical spaces increasingly incorporate networked devices. It notes that as more daily tasks become automated through the IoT, physical security will inherit cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The IEEE P1912 working group aims to address this by establishing privacy and security architecture standards for consumer wireless devices. The document argues that standards are needed to ensure IoT applications, firmware and hardware are secure against threats from both malicious and unintentional insider actions as physical security increasingly relies on networked computing devices.
This document summarizes security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. It discusses how IoT systems have layers - the perception layer containing sensors, the gateway layer for communication, and the cloud layer providing user services. Each layer faces different security threats like denial of service attacks, session hijacking, and data breaches. The document also provides an example of the Mirai malware infecting IoT devices and using them to launch large-scale cyberattacks. To improve IoT security, the document recommends implementing authentication, authorization, encryption for confidentiality and integrity checks using hashing to protect against various attacks on IoT systems.
In the past decade, internet of things (IoT) has been a
focus of research. Security and privacy are the key issues for IoT
applications, and still face some enormous challenges. In order to
facilitate this emerging domain, we in brief review the research
progress of IoT, and pay attention to the security. By means of
deeply analyzing the security architecture and features, the
security requirements are given. On the basis of these, we discuss
the research status of key technologies including encryption
mechanism, communication security, protecting sensor data and
cryptographic algorithms, and briefly outline the challenges.
Internet of Things & Wearable Technology: Unlocking the Next Wave of Data-Dri...Adam Thierer
"Internet of Things & Wearable Technology: Unlocking the Next Wave of Data-Driven Innovation." A presentation by Adam Thierer (Mercatus Center at George Mason University) made on September 11, 2014 at AEI-FCC Conference on "Regulating the Evolving Broadband Ecosystem."
The document discusses the security risks posed by the growing Internet of Things (IoT). As more everyday devices become connected to the internet, they could be vulnerable to attacks that turn them into "thingbots" that are part of botnets controlled by hackers. This could allow hackers to launch large-scale distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks or spy on users by accessing unsecured cameras and other smart home devices. Researchers have already discovered botnets made up of thousands of compromised IoT devices like routers, smart TVs and refrigerators. To address this, the document recommends steps like using secure chips and honeypots to detect malicious activity from IoT devices and help secure the growing IoT ecosystem.
This document discusses the growing dependency of individuals and organizations on cyberspace and the associated risks. It provides historical context on the evolution of the internet from ARPANET. Key points covered include:
- Individuals and organizations have become increasingly reliant on cyberspace for daily activities, work operations, and digital transformation, leaving them vulnerable to cyber threats.
- Emerging areas of focus for cybersecurity are the internet of things and how hackers can access systems through connected devices, as well as exploiting personal devices with stored data.
- Common cyber risks discussed are viruses, service disruptions, phishing, SQL injection attacks, and password attacks. Stricter laws have been implemented in some countries like the
Home Automation Life is One Click away from being betterijtsrd
Internet of Things IoT is augmentation of modern day internet to give communication, connection, and interconnectivity between different gadgets or physical articles otherwise called Things . The term IoT gives us a simple idea about the ability of system of gadgets to detect and gather information from our general surroundings, and sends that information over the Web where it can be processed and used for different purposes. In the simplest of terms automation means ‘to auto’ thus avoiding manual interface with the machine or. In simpler words automation means ‘control without direct interference’. Home the place where human beings dwell is the second important part of this paper. Home automation is playing a vital role in today’s lifestyle. Day by day the use of home automation is increasing. GSM, Bluetooth, WIFI, IOT etc. are the various technologies used for home automation such as. From anywhere and anytime it is possible to control home appliances like fan, lights, TV, A C etc. and due to this it is widely used throughout the world. For outdoor control we have used GSM technology and Bluetooth module for indoor control. This system is useful for old aged people and handicapped. For security purpose Fingerprint sensor is used. Hemant Sonawane "Home Automation: Life is One Click away from being better" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30431.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30431/home-automation-life-is-one-click-away-from-being-better/hemant-sonawane
The document discusses several limitations of IoT-enabled automation solutions:
1. Cybersecurity and privacy concerns are significant as more devices are connected and hackers can more easily access building functions by exploiting vulnerabilities.
2. Lack of integration and interoperability standards means buildings use multiple incompatible protocols, increasing costs.
3. Data capturing and processing has limitations due to the expense of comprehensive sensor deployment and expert analysis needed to derive value from data.
Companies are developing their internal IoT security capabilities as they progress with IoT adoption in order to address lingering security concerns. While basic security issues like default passwords continue to put IoT devices at risk, more mature adopters are now enforcing stricter security specifications for devices and treating IoT security like corporate IT security through practices such as network segmentation, access controls and training users. Experts recommend that rather than fearing IoT, companies should find ways to benefit from it by developing internal expertise to ensure their IoT use is secure.
Understanding the different building blocks of IoT, identifying the areas of vulnerability in each block and exploring technologies needed to counter each of the weaknesses are essential in dealing with the security issue of IoT.
Recently, with the infinite power that media contents possess, actions of illegal digital content
copying are highlighted as a critical social problem. Therefore, we need DRM technology to protect and
promote fair use of copyrighted items. But there is no way to stop illegal copying fundamentally, even though we
possess tracking technologies such as digital watermarking, digital fingerprinting, and content recognition
technology to find unauthorized replicas. In this paper we discuss about a problem caused when print screen
key is used to capture the screen, causing illegal copying. For this case, we wish to solve such problems by
implementing algorithm in which opens a window warning about DRM and illegal screen capturing. In overall,
we wish to suggest the expected outcomes of such security warning algorithm, along with the formation of such
algorithm.
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world b.
This document outlines a technical seminar presentation on the effect of new Internet of Things (IoT) features on security and privacy. It discusses various IoT features like interdependence, constrained resources, unattended operation, mobility, ubiquity, intimacy with devices, and the myriad of devices and data. It analyzes research on security threats in different IoT application scenarios and years. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of IoT, examples applications, and concludes by summarizing threats, challenges and opportunities of each discussed IoT feature.
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices What are the Challe.docxvoversbyobersby
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
I have to create a matrix with unique pointers and do the following :
1.Matrix a, b
2.Matrix c(b)
3.Matrix d=a
4.Matrix e=a+b
Every element from matrix is a unique pointer. First, I have to create a class matrix with constructor destructor(rule of 5 if it is possible).
At first in main, I have to create 2 object a, b, Matrix type.
At 2.I have to create another object c that have as constructor the object b
3.to copy all element from matrix a to d
4.To add Matrix a with Matrix b and the sum to be copy in Matrix e
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20G ...
Nigeria has drafted a cybersecurity policy framework to improve cybersecurity, but it has not yet been implemented. The framework outlines several key components including establishing accountability for cybersecurity positions, coordinating national cybersecurity efforts through a response committee, and creating a cybersecurity excellence center. It also aims to strengthen cybersecurity legislation, improve education and awareness, foster collaboration between public and private sectors, and increase cybersecurity training. However, the framework needs to be executed and gaps remain in educating the public and developing a culture of cybersecurity.
IoT Internet of Things , represents many kinds of devices in the field, connected to data centres via various networks, submitting data, and allow themselves to be controlled. Connected cameras, TV, media players, access control systems, and wireless sensors are becoming pervasive. Their applications include Retail Solutions, Home, Transportation and Automotive, Industrial and Energy etc. This growth also represents security threat, as several hacker attacks been launched using these devices as agents. We explore the current environment and propose a quantitative and qualitative trust model, using a multi dimensional exploration space, based on the hardware and software stack. This can be extended to any combination of IoT devices, and dynamically updated as the type of applications, deployment environment or any ingredients change. Karthik MV "Trust Modelling for Security of IoT Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31573.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/31573/trust-modelling-for-security-of-iot-devices/karthik-mv
IEEE Internet of Things (IoT) Initiative in Ukraine #iotconfuaAndy Shutka
The document provides information about the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and its Internet of Things (IoT) Initiative. The IEEE is a professional association for engineers with over 400,000 members worldwide. It produces over 30% of literature in electrical engineering and computer science fields. The IEEE IoT Initiative aims to serve as a platform for the global IoT technical community to learn, share knowledge, and collaborate on IoT technologies and applications. It hosts webinars, publishes newsletters and journals, holds events, and develops standards to advance the IoT field.
Comparative Study of Security Issue and Challenges in IoTijtsrd
In the past few years, Internet of things IoT has been a focal point of research. The Internet of Things IoT hold up an expansive scope of uses including keen urban areas, waste management, auxiliary wellbeing, security, crisis administrations, coordinations, retails, mechanical control, and wellbeing care. Privacy and Security are the key issues for IoT applications, and still face some colossal challenges. In late years, the Internet of Things IoT has increased calculable research consideration. Now days, the IoT is considered as eventual fate of the web. In future, IoT will assume a significant job and will change our gauges, plan of action just as living styles. Right now give a similar report on security issue and difficulties in iot just as a short depiction on utilizations of iot. Sayali Vishwanath Pawar "Comparative Study of Security Issue and Challenges in IoT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30653.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30653/comparative-study-of-security-issue-and-challenges-in-iot/sayali-vishwanath-pawar
IoT and the industrial Internet of Things - june 20 2019John D. Johnson
This document provides an overview of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) security challenges. It discusses the growth of connected devices and resulting attack surfaces. It highlights threats like botnets using insecure IoT devices and risks to industrial control systems. The presentation emphasizes securing IoT and IIoT through measures like threat intelligence, endpoint management, network segmentation, and incident response capabilities. The goal is to help organizations address risks in an increasingly connected world.
Jan 2018: IoT trends in silicon valley keynote at consumer electronics forum ...Sudha Jamthe
Sudha's keynote about IoT Trends Silicon Valley kicking off the new year 2018 at Consumer Electronics Forum on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (silicon valley) on Jan 6th 2018, building up the excitement pre-CES 2018.
Sudha covers IoT from the perspective of Sensors and how they are driving Car Cognition, Connected Car telematics, Robots, Drones, Smart cities, Connected Appliances, Smart homes, with focus on data and machine learning.
The document discusses the need for security standards for the Internet of Things (IoT) as physical spaces increasingly incorporate networked devices. It notes that as more daily tasks become automated through the IoT, physical security will inherit cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The IEEE P1912 working group aims to address this by establishing privacy and security architecture standards for consumer wireless devices. The document argues that standards are needed to ensure IoT applications, firmware and hardware are secure against threats from both malicious and unintentional insider actions as physical security increasingly relies on networked computing devices.
This document summarizes security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. It discusses how IoT systems have layers - the perception layer containing sensors, the gateway layer for communication, and the cloud layer providing user services. Each layer faces different security threats like denial of service attacks, session hijacking, and data breaches. The document also provides an example of the Mirai malware infecting IoT devices and using them to launch large-scale cyberattacks. To improve IoT security, the document recommends implementing authentication, authorization, encryption for confidentiality and integrity checks using hashing to protect against various attacks on IoT systems.
In the past decade, internet of things (IoT) has been a
focus of research. Security and privacy are the key issues for IoT
applications, and still face some enormous challenges. In order to
facilitate this emerging domain, we in brief review the research
progress of IoT, and pay attention to the security. By means of
deeply analyzing the security architecture and features, the
security requirements are given. On the basis of these, we discuss
the research status of key technologies including encryption
mechanism, communication security, protecting sensor data and
cryptographic algorithms, and briefly outline the challenges.
Internet of Things & Wearable Technology: Unlocking the Next Wave of Data-Dri...Adam Thierer
"Internet of Things & Wearable Technology: Unlocking the Next Wave of Data-Driven Innovation." A presentation by Adam Thierer (Mercatus Center at George Mason University) made on September 11, 2014 at AEI-FCC Conference on "Regulating the Evolving Broadband Ecosystem."
The document discusses the security risks posed by the growing Internet of Things (IoT). As more everyday devices become connected to the internet, they could be vulnerable to attacks that turn them into "thingbots" that are part of botnets controlled by hackers. This could allow hackers to launch large-scale distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks or spy on users by accessing unsecured cameras and other smart home devices. Researchers have already discovered botnets made up of thousands of compromised IoT devices like routers, smart TVs and refrigerators. To address this, the document recommends steps like using secure chips and honeypots to detect malicious activity from IoT devices and help secure the growing IoT ecosystem.
This document discusses the growing dependency of individuals and organizations on cyberspace and the associated risks. It provides historical context on the evolution of the internet from ARPANET. Key points covered include:
- Individuals and organizations have become increasingly reliant on cyberspace for daily activities, work operations, and digital transformation, leaving them vulnerable to cyber threats.
- Emerging areas of focus for cybersecurity are the internet of things and how hackers can access systems through connected devices, as well as exploiting personal devices with stored data.
- Common cyber risks discussed are viruses, service disruptions, phishing, SQL injection attacks, and password attacks. Stricter laws have been implemented in some countries like the
Home Automation Life is One Click away from being betterijtsrd
Internet of Things IoT is augmentation of modern day internet to give communication, connection, and interconnectivity between different gadgets or physical articles otherwise called Things . The term IoT gives us a simple idea about the ability of system of gadgets to detect and gather information from our general surroundings, and sends that information over the Web where it can be processed and used for different purposes. In the simplest of terms automation means ‘to auto’ thus avoiding manual interface with the machine or. In simpler words automation means ‘control without direct interference’. Home the place where human beings dwell is the second important part of this paper. Home automation is playing a vital role in today’s lifestyle. Day by day the use of home automation is increasing. GSM, Bluetooth, WIFI, IOT etc. are the various technologies used for home automation such as. From anywhere and anytime it is possible to control home appliances like fan, lights, TV, A C etc. and due to this it is widely used throughout the world. For outdoor control we have used GSM technology and Bluetooth module for indoor control. This system is useful for old aged people and handicapped. For security purpose Fingerprint sensor is used. Hemant Sonawane "Home Automation: Life is One Click away from being better" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30431.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30431/home-automation-life-is-one-click-away-from-being-better/hemant-sonawane
The document discusses several limitations of IoT-enabled automation solutions:
1. Cybersecurity and privacy concerns are significant as more devices are connected and hackers can more easily access building functions by exploiting vulnerabilities.
2. Lack of integration and interoperability standards means buildings use multiple incompatible protocols, increasing costs.
3. Data capturing and processing has limitations due to the expense of comprehensive sensor deployment and expert analysis needed to derive value from data.
Companies are developing their internal IoT security capabilities as they progress with IoT adoption in order to address lingering security concerns. While basic security issues like default passwords continue to put IoT devices at risk, more mature adopters are now enforcing stricter security specifications for devices and treating IoT security like corporate IT security through practices such as network segmentation, access controls and training users. Experts recommend that rather than fearing IoT, companies should find ways to benefit from it by developing internal expertise to ensure their IoT use is secure.
Understanding the different building blocks of IoT, identifying the areas of vulnerability in each block and exploring technologies needed to counter each of the weaknesses are essential in dealing with the security issue of IoT.
Recently, with the infinite power that media contents possess, actions of illegal digital content
copying are highlighted as a critical social problem. Therefore, we need DRM technology to protect and
promote fair use of copyrighted items. But there is no way to stop illegal copying fundamentally, even though we
possess tracking technologies such as digital watermarking, digital fingerprinting, and content recognition
technology to find unauthorized replicas. In this paper we discuss about a problem caused when print screen
key is used to capture the screen, causing illegal copying. For this case, we wish to solve such problems by
implementing algorithm in which opens a window warning about DRM and illegal screen capturing. In overall,
we wish to suggest the expected outcomes of such security warning algorithm, along with the formation of such
algorithm.
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
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Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world b.
This document outlines a technical seminar presentation on the effect of new Internet of Things (IoT) features on security and privacy. It discusses various IoT features like interdependence, constrained resources, unattended operation, mobility, ubiquity, intimacy with devices, and the myriad of devices and data. It analyzes research on security threats in different IoT application scenarios and years. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of IoT, examples applications, and concludes by summarizing threats, challenges and opportunities of each discussed IoT feature.
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices What are the Challe.docxvoversbyobersby
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
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I have to create a matrix with unique pointers and do the following :
1.Matrix a, b
2.Matrix c(b)
3.Matrix d=a
4.Matrix e=a+b
Every element from matrix is a unique pointer. First, I have to create a class matrix with constructor destructor(rule of 5 if it is possible).
At first in main, I have to create 2 object a, b, Matrix type.
At 2.I have to create another object c that have as constructor the object b
3.to copy all element from matrix a to d
4.To add Matrix a with Matrix b and the sum to be copy in Matrix e
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20G ...
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
Using Machine Learning to Build a Classification Model for IoT Networks to De...IJCNCJournal
Internet of things (IoT) has led to several security threats and challenges within society. Regardless of the benefits that it has brought with it to the society, IoT could compromise the security and privacy of individuals and companies at various levels. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks, among others, are the most common attack types that face the IoT networks. To counter such attacks, companies should implement an efficient classification/detection model, which is not an easy task. This paper proposes a classification model to examine the effectiveness of several machine-learning algorithms, namely, Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Naïve Bayes. The machine learning algorithms are used to detect attacks on the UNSW-NB15 benchmark dataset. The UNSW-NB15 contains normal network traffic and malicious traffic instants. The experimental results reveal that RF and KNN classifiers give the best performance with an accuracy of 100% (without noise injection) and 99% (with 10% noise filtering), while the Naïve Bayes classifier gives the worst performance with an accuracy of 95.35% and 82.77 without noise and with 10% noise, respectively. Other evaluation matrices, such as precision and recall, also show the effectiveness of RF and KNN classifiers over Naïve Bayes.
SIEM-based detection and mitigation of IoT-botnet DDoS attacksIJECEIAES
The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an integral part of our daily life includ- ing health, environment, homes, military, etc. The enormous growth of IoT in recent years has attracted hackers to take advantage of their computation and communication capabilities to perform different types of attacks. The major concern is that IoT devices have several vulnerabilities that can be easily exploited to form IoT botnets consisting of millions of IoT devices and posing significant threats to Internet security. In this context, DDoS attacks originating from IoT botnets is a major problem in today’s Internet that requires immediate attention. In this paper, we propose Security Information and Event Management-based IoT botnet DDoS attack detection and mitigation system. This system detects and blocks DDoS attack traffic from compromised IoT devices by monitoring specific packet types including TCP SYN, ICMP and DNS packets originating from these devices. We discuss a prototype implementation of the proposed system and we demonstrate that SIEM based solutions can be configured to accurately identify and block malicious traffic originating from compromised IoT devices.
Rasefiberry: Secure and efficient Raspberry-Pi based gateway for smarthome Io...journalBEEI
Internet-of-Things or IoT technology becomes essential in everyday lives. The risk of security and privacy towards IoT devices, especially smarthomes IoT gateway device, becoming apparent as IoT technology progressed. The need for affordable, secure smarthome gateway device or router that smarthome user prefer. The problem of low-performance smarthome gateways was running security programs on top of smarthome gateway programs. This problem motivates the researcher designing a secure and efficient smarthome gateway using Raspberry Pi hardware as an affordable smarthome gateway device and able to run both smarthome gateways and security programs. In this research, researchers implemented snort as intrusion detection system (IDS), openHab as IoT gateway applications, and well-known encryption algorithms for file encryption in Raspberry PI 3B+ model. The researcher evaluated Snort capability on network attacks and compared each of the well-known encryption algorithm efficiency. From the result, we found Rasefiberry customized snort configuration for Raspberry pi 60 percent of the simulated network attacks. Twofish encryption algorithms were found to have best encryption time, throughput, and power consumption compared to other encryption algorithms in the research. Rasefiberry architecture successfully processes both lightweight security programs and Openhab smarthome gateway programs with a lowperformance computing device such as Raspberry Pi.
With rapid growth of science and information technology, Internet of things (IoT) becomes as an integral part of daily life. The applications of IoT are expanded starting from connected cars, wearables, connected health, smart retail and healthcare. However, security issues are increasing with the increase of its use. Lack of compliances on the part of IoT manufacturers, lack of user knowledge and awareness, device update and management, lack of physical hardening and botnet attacks are considered as the major reasons for security issues in IoT based applications. In this aspect, it becomes important to analyze security issues involved with IoT and its impact on the users that has been performed in the present study
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
What are the Challenges of IoT Security?
IoT has many of the same security challenges that other systems have. There are, however, some challenges that are unique to IoT.
1. Embedded Passwords. Embedding passwords in IoT devices make it easy for remote support technicians to access devices for troubleshooting and simplifies the installation of multiple devices. Of course, it also simplifies access to devices for malicious purposes.
2. Lack of device authentication. Allowing IoT devices access to the network without authenticating opens the network to unknown and unauthorized devices. Rogue devices can serve as an entry point for attacks or even as a source of attacks.
3. Patching and upgrading. Some IoT devices do not provide a simple (or any) means to patch or upgrade software. This results in many IoT devices with vulnerabilities continuing to be in use.
4. Physical hardening. Physical access to IoT devices can introduce risk if those devices are not hardened against physical attack. Such an attack may not be intended to damage the device, but rather to extract information. Simply removing a microSD memory card to read its contents can give an attacker private data, as well as information such as embedded passwords that may allow access to other devices.
5. Outdated components. When vulnerabilities are discovered in hardware or software components of IoT devices, it can be difficult and expensive for manufacturers or users to update or replace them. As with patches, this results in many IoT devices with vulnerabilities continuing to be used.
6. Device monitoring and management. IoT devices do not always have a unique identifier that facilitates asset tracking, monitoring, and management. IT personnel do not necessarily consider IoT devices among the hosts that they monitor and manage. Asset tracking systems sometimes neglect to include IoT devices, so they sit on the network without being managed or monitored.
Most of these issues can be attributed to security being an afterthought (if a thought at all) in the design and manufacturing of IoT devices. Even tho ...
The document discusses internet of things (IoT) security. It begins by defining IoT and its security issues, including privacy, access control, policy enforcement, trust, mobile security, secure middleware, authentication and confidentiality. Examples of security breaches are provided. Recommendations for IoT security include designing for security, making devices more user-friendly, emphasizing technical knowledge, and re-evaluating business structures. Security principles like the Australian Privacy Principles and OWASP principles are covered. Predictions for the future of IoT security include more devices and DDoS attacks, the rise of smart cities, more use of artificial intelligence, more secure routers, use of software defined networking, and an end-to
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices What are the Challe.docxtjane3
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
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IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
What are the Challenges of IoT Security?
IoT has many of the same security challenges that other systems have. There are, howe.
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices What are the Challe.docxlmelaine
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
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IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
What are the Challenges of IoT Security?
IoT has many of the same security challenges that other systems have. There are, howe ...
Understanding and Solving Common IoT Security Problems.pdfSeasiaInfotech2
According to them, mobile apps can also be a point of connection for various IoT devices. If you need help with IoT app development, then take the guidance of professionals.
Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices· By Damon Culber.docxherbertwilson5999
Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world by storm as interconnected devices fill workplaces and homes across the US. While the intention of these devices is always to make our lives easier, their ability to connect to the internet turns them into ticking time bombs, lying in wait until their weaknesses can be exploited by opportunistic hackers.
Personal data breaches are skyrocketing in America, increasing by 60% in the last year and by 157 percent since 2015. As our interconnectivity grows, so do the opportunities that our technology will be hacked. Since every IoT device is connected to the internet, each one is vulnerable to external access if not secured properly. In the rush to manufacture these devices and get them onto the market, security has been an afterthought which needs to be urgently addressed if the number of yearly data breaches is to be tackled.
Not only is the actual security of IoT devices under constant debate but recent news stories surrounding both the Amazon Alexa and Google Home products -- central machines to most home IoT set-ups -- show that even when used properly, the security implications of these devices can be suspect.
Though many expect IoT to revolutionize our everyday lives, the potential holes they open up in our security infrastructures could become an insurmountable problem if not dealt with soon.
Workplace IoT
IoT in the workplace can range from integrated systems such as air conditioning and security systems to Wi-Fi enabled coffee machines. But every point of access in a system has potential for weakness, meaning the more connected devices there are the harder it is to protect. Many believe that blockchain technology has the answer for IoT security issues due to its decentralized nature and the ability to timestamp and identify each connected device, allowing for more accurate access records and a more stable network where no central point is vulnerable.
The other key issue with workplace IoT is the necessity of regular updates to keep all devices secured. In working environments where machines are working 24/7, there is no time to take machines out of service to complete updates, meaning identified weaknesses can be left unresolved. This allows hackers multiple opportunities to exploit the insecurities in an individual device and gain access to the central network from there.
Creators of IoT devices will need to address the concerns of their consumers in order to create products which can be routinely secured and hold a high base standard of security.
Integrated homes
With an explosion of interconnected devices for the home comes a unique challenge that consumers are often completely oblivious to. Some IoT devices have no way to securely store the Wi-Fi password which connects them, meaning that a hacker who is able to gain access to this device can find the Wi-Fi password and exploit the entire network, risking data su.
This document discusses IoT security. It begins by defining IoT security as protecting IoT systems, servers, networks, and devices. It then explains that IoT security is needed because IoT devices collect and store valuable data, making the systems vulnerable. The document outlines several challenges facing IoT systems, such as unpredictable device behavior, similar device designs, and lack of alerts. It also discusses threats like malware, information theft, and vulnerabilities. Finally, the document provides recommendations for improving IoT security, including encryption, updates, and network access control.
IRJET- Android Device Attacks and ThreatsIRJET Journal
This document discusses security threats to Android devices. It begins by providing background on the growth of mobile technology and its integration into daily life and the workplace. This has increased security risks as mobile devices now store and access large amounts of personal and corporate data. The document then discusses some specific threats to Android devices, including data breaches, social engineering, Wi-Fi interference, out-of-date devices, cryptojacking attacks, and poor password hygiene. It emphasizes that Android devices, like other mobile technologies, are vulnerable to these online and physical attacks that can result in compromised data and device access. Strong mobile security practices are needed to protect against the threats.
The document discusses the future of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT and describes how IoT devices work and are developed. The document outlines different IoT models in areas like medicine, robotics, smart cities, industry, and automobiles. It discusses the advantages of IoT in improving life efficiency but also the challenges of privacy, security, and potential unemployment. Finally, it explores the large scope and investment in IoT, suggesting it will continue to grow and impact lives.
Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
security is crucial. Using technology to make homes safer and easier to control from anywhere is
important. Home security is important for the occupant’s safety. In this paper, we came up with a low cost,
AI based model home security system. The system has a user-friendly interface, allowing users to start
model training and face detection with simple keyboard commands. Our goal is to introduce an innovative
home security system using facial recognition technology. Unlike traditional systems, this system trains
and saves images of friends and family members. The system scans this folder to recognize familiar faces
and provides real-time monitoring. If an unfamiliar face is detected, it promptly sends an email alert,
ensuring a proactive response to potential security threats.
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
Energy-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have garnered significant research interest in
recent years. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or Cooperative MIMO, represents a specialized
application of MIMO technology within WSNs. This approach operates effectively, especially in
challenging and resource-constrained environments. By facilitating collaboration among sensor nodes,
Cooperative MIMO enhances reliability, coverage, and energy efficiency in WSN deployments.
Consequently, MIMO finds application in diverse WSN scenarios, spanning environmental monitoring,
industrial automation, and healthcare applications.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication. IJCSIT publishes original research papers and review papers, as well as auxiliary material such as: research papers, case studies, technical reports etc.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Welcome to AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT), your gateway to the latest advancements in the dynamic fields of Computer Science and Information Systems.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) are computer-based tutoring systems that deal with
linguistic skills. Adding intelligence in such systems is mainly based on using Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tools to diagnose student errors, especially in language grammar. However, most such
systems do not consider the modeling of student competence in linguistic skills, especially for the Arabic
language. In this paper, we will deal with basic grammar concepts of the Arabic language taught for the
fourth grade of the elementary school in Egypt. This is through Arabic Grammar Trainer (AGTrainer)
which is an Intelligent CALL. The implemented system (AGTrainer) trains the students through different
questions that deal with the different concepts and have different difficulty levels. Constraint-based student
modeling (CBSM) technique is used as a short-term student model. CBSM is used to define in small grain
level the different grammar skills through the defined skill structures. The main contribution of this paper
is the hierarchal representation of the system's basic grammar skills as domain knowledge. That
representation is used as a mechanism for efficiently checking constraints to model the student knowledge
and diagnose the student errors and identify their cause. In addition, satisfying constraints and the number
of trails the student takes for answering each question and fuzzy logic decision system are used to
determine the student learning level for each lesson as a long-term model. The results of the evaluation
showed the system's effectiveness in learning in addition to the satisfaction of students and teachers with its
features and abilities.
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This research aims to further understanding in the field of continuous authentication using behavioural
biometrics. We are contributing a novel dataset that encompasses the gesture data of 15 users playing
Minecraft with a Samsung Tablet, each for a duration of 15 minutes. Utilizing this dataset, we employed
machine learning (ML) binary classifiers, being Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and
Support Vector Classifier (SVC), to determine the authenticity of specific user actions. Our most robust
model was SVC, which achieved an average accuracy of approximately 90%, demonstrating that touch
dynamics can effectively distinguish users. However, further studies are needed to make it viable option
for authentication systems. You can access our dataset at the following
link:https://github.com/AuthenTech2023/authentech-repo
This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of GPT-3 (0), a state-of-the-art language model, in the
context of text understanding. We begin by describing the architecture and training process of GPT-3, and
provide an overview of its impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing
tasks, such as language translation, question-answering, and text completion. Throughout this research
project, a summarizing tool was also created to help us retrieve content from any types of document,
specifically IELTS (0) Reading Test data in this project. We also aimed to improve the accuracy of the
summarizing, as well as question-answering capabilities of GPT-3 (0) via long text
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification.
This work highlights transfer learning’s effectiveness in image classification using CNNs and VGG 16 that
provides insights into the selection of pre-trained models and hyper parameters for optimal performance.
We have proposed a comprehensive approach for image segmentation and classification, incorporating preprocessing techniques, the K-means algorithm for segmentation, and employing deep learning models such
as CNN and VGG 16 for classification.
- The document presents 6 different models for defining foot size in Tunisia: 2 statistical models, 2 neural network models using unsupervised learning, and 2 models combining neural networks and fuzzy logic.
- The statistical models (SM and SHM) are based on applying statistical equations to morphological foot data.
- The neural network models (MSK and MHSK) use self-organizing Kohonen maps to cluster foot data and model full and half sizes.
- The fuzzy neural network models (MSFK and MHSFK) incorporate fuzzy logic into the neural network learning process to better account for uncertainty in foot sizes.
The security of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging has gained momentum after the increase in the EV adoption
in the past few years. Mobile applications have been integrated into EV charging systems that mainly use a
cloud-based platform to host their services and data. Like many complex systems, cloud systems are
susceptible to cyberattacks if proper measures are not taken by the organization to secure them. In this
paper, we explore the security of key components in the EV charging infrastructure, including the mobile
application and its cloud service. We conducted an experiment that initiated a Man in the Middle attack
between an EV app and its cloud services. Our results showed that it is possible to launch attacks against
the connected infrastructure by taking advantage of vulnerabilities that may have substantial economic and
operational ramifications on the EV charging ecosystem. We conclude by providing mitigation suggestions
and future research directions.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
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Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
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Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
IoT Security: Penetration Testing of White-label Cloud-based IoT Camera Compromising Personal Data Privacy
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12503 29
IOT SECURITY: PENETRATION TESTING OF
WHITE-LABEL CLOUD-BASED IOT CAMERA
COMPROMISING PERSONAL DATA PRIVACY
Marlon Intal Tayag, Francisco Napalit and Arcely Napalit
School of Computing Holy Angel University, Angeles, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The Internet is driving force on how we communicate with one another, from posting messages and images
to Facebook or “tweeting” your activities from your vacation. Today it is being used everywhere, now
imagine a device that connects to the internet sends out data based on its sensors, this is the Internet-of-
Things, a connection of objects with a plethora of sensors. Smart devices as they are commonly called, are
invading our homes. With the proliferation of cheap Cloud-based IoT Camera use as a surveillance system
to monitor our homes and loved ones right from the palm of our hand using our smartphones. These
cameras are mostly white-label product, a process in which the product comes from a single manufacturer
and bought by a different company where they are re-branded and sold with their own product name, a
method commonly practice in the retail and manufacturing industry. Each Cloud-based IoT cameras sold
are not properly tested for security. The problem arises when a hacker, hacks into the Cloud-based IoT
Camera sees everything we do, without us knowing about it. Invading our personal digital privacy. This
study focuses on the vulnerabilities found on White-label Cloud-based IoT Camera on the market
specifically on a Chinese brand sold by Shenzhen Gwelltimes Technology. How this IoT device can be
compromised and how to protect our selves from such cyber-attacks.
KEYWORDS
Network Protocols, Wireless Network, Mobile Network, Virus, Worms &Trojon, Internet of Things,
Hacker, Smart Camera
1. INTRODUCTION
Privacy is the right to relationship and personal matters secret; it is the right to be alone [1]. The
Philippines is a country that values personal privacy. With the advent of the Internet personal
privacy is being invaded.
To protect every individual of their right to privacy, the government passed the Data Privacy Act
of 2012. As stated on the said law “to protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of
communication while ensuring the free flow of information to promote innovation and growth”
[2]. We feel safe; we used everything the Internet has to offer, email for communication, social
media sites such as Facebook. We post everything on Facebook from what eat and every
accomplishment we have.
As we connect to the digital world, we are giving up part of our personal privacy without even
knowing it. The Internet, as a whole, has affected everyone’s lives and sometimes the Internet
can be a dangerous place.
2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
30
Moreover, as the Internet becomes a part of our life, we are connected to it constantly. Today
everything is being connected, and security is now a concern. British visionary Kevin Ashton
coined the term Internet of Things in 1999. It envisions the connections of objects with sensors.
Currently, there are many definitions of the Internet of Things or IoT; its definition changes as
technology evolved. One such define it as the Internet of Things (IoT) is a connection of different
devices that uses the Internet as the medium for communication. Each device has sensors to
analyze their environment and send those data to the Internet on a cloud-based server for further
analysis.
The technology for the Internet of Things is rapidly evolving, by 2016 interconnected things will
reach 6.4 billion and it is estimated that it will grow 30 times reaching 20.8 billion by the year
2020 [3].
Application of the Internet of Things is far and wide; there are now smart devices being used
everywhere, from a smart thermostat, smartwatch, smart TV all connected to the Internet. As we
grow accustomed to these devices we are letting our guards down, cyber-attacks on these devices
are becoming common.
We, Filipinos love technology, we always are an early adopter. As the speed of the internet in the
Philippines is becomin4g faster from 5 Mbps to 25 Mbps. The internet is now a medium used to
protect our home. People are now buying Cloud-based IoT camera connected to the internet used
to monitor our home. Using our smartphone, we can connect to this smart camera and see our
house, view our loved ones. The risk of a cyber attacker who can hack the said camera and
control it without even knowing it is unfathomable.
The concept and implementation of the Internet of Things arose in the mid-’80s and became more
popular in the late 1990s. Any device connected on the internet, which integrates sensor or “smart
function” can be classified as an IoT device. Smart devices are rapidly being integrated into all
aspect of security monitoring. One such device is a Cloud-based IoT Camera.
Cloud-based IoT Camera or “Smart IoT Camera” are basically surveillance camera connected
and accessible from the Internet thru web application or mobile application specifically designed
for the said IoT device. Videos from the device can be viewed or stream to a mobile device
application.
Figure 1. White Label Cloud-based Camera
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
31
In today’s market, this type of Cloud-based IoT Camera’s are becoming cheap, and anyone can
buy one online Fig. 1 shows an example of a White-label Cloud-based IoT Camera. With a smart
camera, sensitive data that reveals the habits of an individual can be captured [4]. Security
concern thus arises when hackers compromise such an IoT device.
Most of the Cloud-based IoT Cameras on the market are White-label products; White-label items
are created by a supplier to be re-branded, resold to a finished product to clients. With White-
labeling, suppliers are provided access to an extensive distribution network through their reseller
partners, and resellers will expand their product and repair line,only not having to manufacture
their product from scratch. The key to white-label is obscurity, as shoppers obtain the product
without aware that it had been originally created by a white-label supplier [5].
According to Gainor (2014, June 3) building, a customized solution from scratch is a setup from
failure; this is where white-label products come in. They provide quick and easy branding, saves
time and money. When time is of the essence. White-labelling offers the best answer to pre-made
items for distribution [6].
With while-label products, the company’s selling the product can minimize its cost because it
requires few resources. The product is already pre-made by another company, the next step is to
rebrand it [8]. White-labelling is an accepted practice in the retail and manufacturing industry,
especially on Chinese products.
As shown in Fig. 2 a White-label is a process in which a product or a service is rebranded under
another company’s brand [7].
Figure 2. White-label market process
This study focusses on the deployment of White-label Cloud-based IoT cameras at home and
their vulnerability of being hacked in which personal data privacy is affected. A demonstration
of an actual hack on IoT camera will be shown along with the different ways a person can protect
himself from such an attack.
Objective of the Study
The main objective of the study is to identify vulnerabilities on White-label IoT Cloud-based
Camera.
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
32
This study aims to achieve the following objectives:
a. Identify the caused of the vulnerability
b. The effect on personal data privacy of the user as such devices are compromised
c. Mitigate and find a solution to the vulnerabilities
Scope of the Study
The study will focus on the testing of White-label IoT Cloud-based camera that is currently on
the market; specifically, a camera that is manufactured by a Chinese company called Shenzhen
Gwelltimes Technology. The test will involve scanning and comprising the IoT device. Upon
gaining full access to the IoT device, as proof, a screenshot of the video stream will be saved.
Plan mitigation will be implemented to harden the security of the device, and the user of the IoT
device will be informed of the process of how the IoT device was compromised, along with the
methods on how to protect from such attacks
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
As ubiquitous computing is becoming mainstream, the connected device is now part of our daily
lives, cloud-based security devices are installed on homes to act as monitoring and protection.
The problem arises when the question of security is implemented on these different types of
devices. Engin Leloglu [8] stated in their paper, IoT devices are vulnerable to other kinds of
network attacks such as sniffing and injections, concluding the need for strong encryption to
protect data.
On their paper, Yogeesh Seralathan [9] demonstrated how IoT security camera collects data with
no security in mind. Video coming from such devices are vulnerable and can be compromised,
and malware such as Mirai can take advantage of these vulnerabilities. Their study monitored
video streaming transmitted through the network, and capturing the streams using Wireshark,
exposing the weakness of these devices – unencrypted data.The author Brian Cusack and Zhuang
Tian tested surveillance cameras and found vulnerabilities, stating the urgency for best practice
guidelines. The password of the camera where easily cracked, compromising the device.
Sublah Ullah tested smart cameras; smart cameras can capture confidential data and disclose the
people they capture. As a result, protection and privacy have become a significant concern due to
their broad implementation, the sensitive nature of the data collected, and the open infrastructure.
The efficacy and reliability of security strategies is a particular challenge due to the resource
limitations of smart camera systems [4].
As the security concerned in the IoT domain is evolving, IoT security touches on the most
prevalent issue of privacy, identification, authentication, and lack of management. Authentication
and authorization are currently the most missing component of IoT security. In the everyday lives
of users, the growing number of IoT devices makes authentication and security-critical [10].
Finding a vulnerable camera connected to the Internet without any protection can easily be done
using tools such as Shodan. Author Joseph Bugeja et al. conducted a vulnerability assessment on
devices using Shodan, a search engine similar to Google. With the main feature of finding
connected devices on the internet. They observed an alarming number of devices with poor
configurations and lacking rudimentary security controls. The devices found represent serious
privacy threats [11].
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
33
Williams et al. [12] conducted a large-scale vulnerability assessment of consumer IoT products
on the Internet. The authors used Shodan and Nessus15 to search for vulnerabilities. The analysis
included devices such as webcams, smart TVs, and printers, and then classified the security
threats associated with each product category.
With this IoT device flooding the market, security is now a big concern. In an article published
by Lisa Goeke, she explained IoT devices that use cloud-infrastructure sends their data to the
“cloud” for reviews and analysis on users smartphones [13].The risk to personal data privacy
issue arises when privacy is invaded, whether knowingly or unknowingly. People using
compromised Cloud-based IoT Cameras deployed in homes to monitor, and a means of
protection can be used to breach personal data privacy.
3. RESEARCH DESIGN
The researcher implemented a descriptive and quantitative approach is used to interpret the data
collection and pen-testing result of the IoT Cloud-based Camera. Survey and questionnaire forms
were distributed to participants along with interviews. A literature review was done to anchor the
need for understanding the views of other authors on the topic and assessing the different
technologies involved.
Implementing the penetration testing phase was done to find the vulnerabilities on the said IoT
Cloud-based Security Camera. Results from the said test were evaluated and interpreted. Fig.4
shows the research methodology implemented.
Figure 3. Research Methodology
A. Participants
Selection of the participants of the study was done by means of purposive sampling. Five (5)
families using the camera installed on their house were selected, one camera for each family, 2
(two) Car wash center installed on their garage for security purpose, and 1 (one) in a school for
monitoring students security with five camera deployed. Bringing the total of nine IoT Cloud-
based security camera running. Pre-survey was done to get the respondents to answer the need of
installing surveillance camera on their premises. Testing of the device was done with their
consent, this involved connecting to their WiFi network and implementing the penetration testing
phase.
B. Ethical Consideration
The penetration testing phased involves the actual hacking of the participants IoT Cloud-based
Camera. To protect the personal data privacy of the participants, written consent was first asked
6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
34
in the agreement of what the actual test will be. The penetrating testing was clearly explained and
the reason for the study. Anonymity and confidentiality of all personal data or information from
the participants were preserved.
C. Sources of Data
To anchor the need for the research. The researcher reviewed the literature pertaining to the
research topic. Interviews, survey, online research and utilization of library resources was also
conducted. Listed below are the detailed process is done for the data collection method.
a. Interviews Results
Using the interview results, the research learned of the participants need in using the IoT
Cloud-based Camera as a surveillance system to protect and monitor their home premises
or business location. The feeling of safety knowing everything in their location is
monitored and recorded
b. Survey Results
With the pre-survey results, the researcher learned of the needs of the participants in
implementing a surveillance system of their premises, why they choose to buy IoT Cloud-
based Camera instead of CCTV Cameras
c. Penetration Testing Results
With the result of the penetrating testing, the researcher identified the vulnerabilities on the
IoT Cloud-based Camera. Using findings mitigation method were implemented to
hardened security of the IoT devices.
d. Internet and Library Research
The researcher made use of book, articles and online resources/material related to the
security implementation and vulnerabilities of Internet of Things devices. The said
materials and resources served as references in developing the study.
D. Research Instruments
The researcher used two instrument in this study. First is the pre-survey questionnaire which was
used to gather information on respondents usage of their IoT Camera. With the pre-survey, it
allowed the researcher to understand the need of the participants in using such a device,
specifically the Cloud-based IoT Camera for security purposes.
Using the results of the post-survey, after the penetrating testing phased was done, the lack of
security of the IoT device was shown. This allowed the researcher to recommend mitigation that
will prevent hacking of the IoT device which in term breach the personal data privacy of the
participants.
E. IOT Security Penetration Testing Framework
As part of the study, a penetration testing model will be followed to test the security of the IoT
Cloud-based Camera. Three stages of the pen-testing model will be used.
7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
35
Figure 4. IoT Security Penetration Testing Framework
Using the above framework (Fig.3), testing the IoT security of the Cloud-based Camera will be
done. Kali Linux will be the primary tool for the security testing phase. Kali Linux is a Debian
operating system, use for penetration testing. It has the latest tool every hacker can use to hack
into systems, including IoT devices.
Penetration Testing Procedures
To comprised the system,the following steps were done using the Penetration Testing
Framework. To proceed with the Penetration Testing, the authors use Kali Linux as the primary
Operating System (OS) of choice for penetration testing. Kali Linux is a Debian OS with pre-
installed software tools for a security audit.
Step 1-Reconnaissance
The first step will be identifying the target by implementinga ping sweep to determine the IP
address [14].Using Kali Linux as the Pen-testing operating system, the researcher uses AngryIP
Scanner to scan the network for the IP address (Figure 4) of the IoT device. Angry IP Scanner is
a cross-platform network scanner tool use to scan active IP address on the network. The program
can run either in Windows or Linux operating system [15]. The result was to find active devices
on the network (Fig. 5).
Figure 5. Using Angry IP Scanner to find active devices on the network
8. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 5, October 2020
36
Step 2- Scanning
The second steps involve finding open ports services on the IoT device. Every active service runs
on a device usinga port with a corresponding number or port number to communicate. Identifying
each active port can point out to what service is running on the device. As an example, port 80,
by default, is the web service for each device running on the Internet.
To the port scanning, Nmap was used. Network Mapper or nmap for short is an open-source tool
for network and vulnerability scanning installed in Kali Linux. Used for network discovery and
auditing. It can be used not only to identify open port but also identify security risk[16]. Nmap is
designed to rapidly scan large networks, identify host, operating systems, services and firewalls.
Fig.6 shows the open ports found on th devices. Services running on port 80-HTTP indicates the
devices has a built-in web server for web application control.
Figure 6. Nmap scan identifying open ports/services
From the scan output, port 554 used for Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RSTP) is open along
with port 5000. RTSP is a protocol used for real-time transmission of media. It can be used to
deliver continuous video stream which can be viewed [17]. The manufacture of the device is also
identified as Shenzhen Gwelltimes Technology (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Manufacturer information found on the nmap scan
Step 3 – Gaining Access
There are several ways in which the researcher gain access to the IoT devices. The first method is
looking the history of the company who made the Cloud-based IoT camera. Doing a simple
Google search gave the researcher the necessary step in compromising the IoT devices.
Shehzen Gwelltimes Technology Co., Ltd is a white-label vendor that produces Cloud-based
camera. Their cameras are being sold around the world, label as a different product from a
different vendor. All of their cameras use the default accounts admin as the main user and 123 as
the password. Another security risk implemented by Shenzen is sequentially numbering their
devcice ID. Any attacker who enumerate the device ID and use the default accounts (Fig.8).
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Figure 8. Default accounts and device ID
To use the Cloud-based camera, the user needs to install a mobile app called YYP2P, which is
freely available on Google Play Store and Apple Apps Store (Figure 9).
Figure 9. YYP2P app
Fig.10 shows by just enumerating sequential device ID and using default accounts, several
Cloud-based IoT
Figure 10. Device ID enumeration using sequential ID
Camera where compromised. Without the user knowing that their personal digital privacy has
been invaded, as shown in Fig.11.
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Figure 11. Compromised Cloud-based IoT Camera
Step 4- Mitigation
With the IoT cloud-based security camera compromised. Remote viewing the home of the user is
possible without them knowing about it. As part of the mitigation phase, the user is informed of
the breach of their device. A proper security update was implemented, the update of the
firmware, and changing the user default password to a stronger one.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The researchers used a quantitative method to analyze the data, using a statistical treatment such
as frequency and weighted mean. Based on the participant's response and the result of the
vulnerability assessment and penetration testing. Statistical was used to analyze the data
collected, focussing on (a) security of the device, (b) knowledge of the user in deploying the
devices, and (c) the need for deploying such devices a means of protecting the premises.
A safety test was done to ensure privacy of the target device data. The scope of the test focusses
only on the IoT cloud-based camera. Any other devices found on the network being attack were
not the target of attack. During the process of scanning, devices such as PC, Smart TVs, laptops
and tablets were also found. With the IoT cloud-based security camera compromised the device
itselft can be used as a jumping point on the network to attack other devices.
Table 1 shows the primary reason why individual users and organizations are opting to deploy or
install IoT Cloud-based security cameras. With 4.80 as the highest mean respondents saw the
device as a way to protect their premises from intrusion, along with 4.70 in monitoring the
premises. Accessing the camera from the internet and how easy it does it garnered 4.50 and 4.40,
respectively
Table 1. Assessment for the need for deploying IoT Camera based on functionality
Indicators Weighted Mean Description
1. IoT Camera can protect the premises from intrusion 4.80 Exceedingly Functional
2. IoT Camera can be a tool to monitoring the premises 4.70 Exceedingly Functional
3. IoT cloud-based Camera is accessible from the internet
using mobile app
4.50 Exceedingly Functional
4. IoT cloud-based Camera are easy to used 4.40 Very Functional
General Mean 4.60 Exceedingly
Functional
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Testing the security of the IoT Camera during deployment was done using the Penetration
Testing Framework and on the knowledge of the user on the need for adequately securing the
device employing changing the default user name and password. Table 2 shows the majority of
the devices deployed by users are still using their default credentials with 4.80 highest mean. At
the same time, 4.70 focuses on user knowledge on how to change the default credentials.
Table 2. Security of the IoT Cloud-based Camera – Default Credentials
Indicators Weighted Mean Description
1. Default credential still in used 4.80 Not Secure
2. Changing of default credential is not to the user 4.70 Not Secure
General Mean 4.75 Not Secure
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In this paper, we showed how vulnerable white-label IoT cloud-based security camera on the
market today. Using the Penetration Testing Framework, the device was compromised with
eased. Factors from default configuration and little knowledged of the user on how to change the
default configuration of the device can lead to data privacy breach. The proliferation of mass
produced and cheap IoT cloud-based security camera in the market today have become a means
of securing everything from a store to a home. People are buying the devices and setting them up
using default credentials can lead to personal data breach with their video stream being monitored
by threat actors. With most of the devices in need of critical updates on their firmware, they are
open and vulnerable from attacks. Proper security mitigation must be implemented on the
manufacturer and on the user side.
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AUTHORS
Dr. Marlon I. Tayag is a full-time Associate Professor at Holy Angel University
and teaches Cyber Security subjects on Ethical Hacking and Forensic. He earned
the degree of Doctor in Information Technology from St. Linus University in
2015 and is currently taking up Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at
Technological Institute of the Philippines – Manila. Dr. Tayag is Cisco Certified
Network Associate, 210-250 CCNA Understanding Cisco Cybersecurity
Fundamentals and Fluke CCTTA – Certified Cabling Test Technician Associate.
Microsoft Certified Professional and Microsoft Certified Educator.
Dr. Francisco D. Napalit, is a result driven IT professional who got a doctoral
degree in Information Technology, with experience in the administration and support
of information systems and network systems. Experienced in implementation,
analysis, optimization, troubleshooting LAN/WAN network systems. Strong hands-
on technical knowledge in CyberSec OPS, Cyber Crime Incidence Response, MCP,
CCNA, Fluke Networks certifications. Proven ability to lead and motivate project
teams to ensure success. Track record for diagnosing complex problems and
consistently delivering effective solutions.A solid 24 years work experience in diff.
companies, institutions, organizations and currently the Dean of School of
Computing at Holy Angel University. He is one of the founders and former vice president of Information
Systems Security Association of the Philippines with direct experience in corporate and professional
training, education and consulting in the field of I.T. and network systems. A subject matter expert
(theoretical and practical), who got a hands-on experience in curriculum design and syllabus design in his
varied work in different universities and colleges here and abroad. He is an individual who got strong
business insight and passion for training and development, and with a good training and facilitation skills.
Prof. Arcely Perez-Napalit is a full-time faculty under the Computer Science
Department of Holy Angel University. She’s been teaching for almost two decades.
One of her motto in teaching is to help students develop their logical and critical
thinking and develop the character of a student as a whole. She also shared her
passion for teaching overseas for six years. She is currently pursuing her post-
graduate studies under the Ph.D. in Computer Science. She is also the coordinator
representative in the outreach project and became a research facilitator of the
School of Computing.