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Foreign exchange
Theories of exchange rate
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The Fisher effect is an economic theory that describes the relationship between inflation and both real and nominal interest rates. The Fisher effect states that the real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the expected inflation rate.
Visit us on www.norrenberger.com for more insight.
international trade theory
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why is free trade beneficial
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what role does government have in trade
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what is mercantilism
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what is the heckscher-ohlin theory
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how does the theory of absolute advantage work
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is a current account deficit bad
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what is smith’s theory of absolute advantage
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what is the balance of payments
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what is new trade theory
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This presentation covers foreign exchange risk definition, types, management and measurement. Hedging tools and techniques; both internal and external are also discussed.
Factor Affecting exchange rate and Theories of exchange rate Jatin Goyal
It explains the following topics
Factor Affecting the exchange rate
CURRENCY DEPRECIATION VS.CURRENCY APPRECIATION
Foreign exchange
Theories of exchange rate
Discussion on Fisher's Theory and it's effect on money supply.
The Fisher effect is an economic theory that describes the relationship between inflation and both real and nominal interest rates. The Fisher effect states that the real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the expected inflation rate.
Visit us on www.norrenberger.com for more insight.
international trade theory
,
why is free trade beneficial
,
what role does government have in trade
,
what is mercantilism
,
what is the heckscher-ohlin theory
,
how does the theory of absolute advantage work
,
is a current account deficit bad
,
what is smith’s theory of absolute advantage
,
what is the balance of payments
,
what is new trade theory
,
what is ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage
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2. Prepared By
Manu Melwin Joy
Assistant Professor
Ilahia School of Management Studies
Kerala, India.
Phone – 9744551114
Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose.
Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public forms and presentations.
4. Narrow and broad investment environment
• Narrow investment
environment means the
economic environment,
including a country's level of
economic development,
economic development
strategy, economic system,
infrastructure, market
sophistication, industrial
structure, foreign exchange
control and economic price
stability and so on.
• Broad investment environment
includes political, legal, social
and cultural impact on the
investment potential of all the
external factors.
5. Macro and micro Investment environment
• Macroeconomic environment
for investment is the
environment in the country,
the factors of which affect the
sum total of the investment.
• Microeconomic environment
for investment is the
environment in the country
which works within the
factors affecting the total
investment.
6. Hard and soft investment environment
• Hard investment environment
includes external material
conditions, such as energy
supply, transportation,
telecommunications, natural
resources and social life of
service facilities.
• Soft investment environment
includes a variety of non-material
form factors, such as
policies, regulations,
administrative efficiency, the
level of government and
religious belief.
7. Elements of Investment environment
Natural resources
1. Geographic.
2. Demographic
3. Climatic.
Economic Status
• Level of
Development.
• Infrastructure
conditions.
• Economic and
price stability.
• Economic
Policy.
Social and
cultural status.
• Language and
cultural
traditions.
• Educational
status.
• Social
psychology.
• Religious
beliefs.
Political and legal
Status
• Political
stability.
• Government’s
foreign
relations.
• Political system.
• Legal integrity
of system.
9. Geographical factors
Geographical factors,
including geographical
location, size, topography,
mineral resources, water
resources, forest resources.
For example, investors ready
to invest in precision
instruments industry, we
must study the host
country whether the terrain
conditions affect the degree
of precision.
10. Demographic factors
Population constitute
one of the conditions
essential to the market.
For example, high levels
of education in densely
populated areas affect
demand on the books,
music and movies which
are quite different for
that of rural areas.
11. Climatic factors
The climatic factors include
temperature, sunlight,
rainfall, storms and
typhoons. Many different
aspects of climate factors
will affect the investment
industry.
12. Economic Status
• Level of economic
development.
• Infrastructure conditions.
• Economic and price
stability.
• Economic Policy.
13. Level of economic development
A higher level of
economic development of
the country means that
the state-owns large
market, more
opportunities and better
business conditions and
greater appeal for foreign
investors will have greater
appeal.
14. Infrastructure conditions
Infrastructure conditions
include two aspects: First
one is the industrial
infrastructure which is
needed to attract foreign
investors. This contains
energy, transportation,
communication facilities,
raw materials supply
system etc.
15. Economic and price stability
In this, the factors
considered are rate of
sustainable growth, level
of inflation and size of
national debt. If the
economic and price
stability is not favourable,
if is very difficult to make
profit.
16. Economic Policy
Trade and tariff policy,
economic development
policy and foreign
exchange policy
constitute the economic
policy component.
17. Political and legal status
• Political stability
• The Government's foreign
relations.
• Political system
• legal integrity of the system
18. Political stability
This includes the
government's stability
and policy continuity.
Government should have
the resilience to deal with
all conflicts, if there is
instability. The greater a
country's policy of
continuity, higher the
country's political stability
and the more attractive
to foreign investors.
19. The Government's foreign relations
Government's external
relations, including
relations with major
trading partner’s plays a
crucial role in investment
environment.
20. Political system
This include the country's
form of management,
structure and electoral
system and citizens
power to exercise their
political rights system.
21. legal integrity of the system
Health of the legal
system, mainly referring
to a sound legal system
and the implementation
of codes.
22. Social and cultural status
• Language and
cultural traditions
• Educational status
• Social Psychology
• Religious beliefs
23. Language and cultural traditions
Diverse cultural traditions
caused by the different
social attitudes,
consumer habits, living
standards, ways of
thinking, etc., will
produce different levels
of international
investment
24. Educational status
High levels of education
ensures that labour force
is quality bound. This
results in high production
efficiency and economic
benefits which are
attractive to foreign
investors.
25. Social Psychology
This includes the attitude
of the matter distribution,
the general view of
industry and commerce,
attitude of superior-subordinate
relationship
and the existing inter-relationships,
national
psychology and national
consciousness.
26. Religious beliefs
Different religious beliefs
affects people's values,
attitudes and consumption
patterns. For example, from
the traditional point of view,
the Christian advocates to
work, thrift, savings;
Buddhism and Hinduism
emphasizes spiritual values,
degrading material desires;
Islam forbids eating pork,
drinking, etc.
