This study sought to investigate students’ attitudes towards listening and speaking in the English classroom at Al Istiqlal University. The researchers noticed that freshmen students at Al Istiqlal University were de-motivated and reluctant to get involved in listening and speaking activities in the English classroom. One root cause may be students’ prior experience of learning English in Palestinian state schools where Arabic is the dominant language (Hamdallah, 1999) and where there may be little provision of speaking and listening to English. The researchers sought to experiment with innovative teaching methods to address these problems. These included using group work, giving students clearly defined roles, using technological applications and drawing on students’ personal lives as strategies to motivate students and change their attitudes towards listening and speaking activities. A stratified–purposeful sample consisting of 18 freshman students was selected. The researchers used a quantitative approach to measure changes. The researchers also used qualitative instrument for the purpose of the study. A questionnaire was administered at the beginning and end of the study to determine changes in students’ attitudes. Also, interviews were organized to decide and get comments on the influence of the strategies which were used. Results indicated that there was a significant difference in students’ attitudes towards listening and speaking activities in English class. When the researchers used different strategies such as: role plays cards, group activities, technology and different assessment forms, students expressed positive feelings, enjoyment and fun. The researchers recommend that teachers in similar university-level context should implement different strategies such as: group wok, role plays, cards, videos and some applications i.e. Padlet to motivate students bridge the gap between school life and university life. It was also found that such strategies help to change students’ attitudes to listening and speaking by Khaled M S Masood and Hussam A Qadomi 2020. Investigating Students’ Attitudes Towards Listening and Speaking in the English Classroom at Al Istiqlal University: An Action Research. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Aug. 2020), 70-76. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.538 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/538/514 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/538
This document provides an overview of narrative inquiry as a research method. It defines narrative inquiry as generating data in the form of stories and typologies of stories. It compares narrative inquiry to other methods and notes that it preserves the complexity and temporal context of lived experience. Examples are provided of narrative inquiry research projects conducted at the University of Sydney, including one exploring narratives around childhood sexual abuse and another exploring motivations for choosing psychology as a career.
1. Phenomenological research aims to understand the essence of a shared experience among individuals.
2. It identifies a phenomenon, collects data through interviews, and analyzes the data by identifying themes in the participants' descriptions of experiencing the phenomenon.
3. The analysis seeks to develop a textural-structural description of the essence of the shared experience.
TSLB3143 Topic 2 Basic Elements in Educational ResearchYee Bee Choo
This document provides an overview of key elements that should be included in the introductory chapter of an educational research proposal. It discusses choosing a research problem by identifying an issue, controversy, or concern to study. Examples of potential problems are provided. It also outlines five ways to assess if a problem should be researched by examining if it fills gaps, replicates past studies, extends knowledge, gives voice to underrepresented groups, or informs practice. Additional sections covered include justifying the need to study the problem, developing a title/topic, writing an introduction, providing a background, crafting a statement of the problem, creating research objectives and questions, proposing hypotheses, and defining the scope and limitations of the study.
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data through methods like interviews and observations to understand meanings, concepts, definitions, and descriptions. It focuses on subjective experiences and meanings that people assign rather than counting or measuring. There are several types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical qualitative research, and postmodern research. Each type uses different methods and focuses of analysis but all aim to provide an in-depth understanding of experiences, cultures, or phenomena through a subjective rather than objective lens.
This basic interpretive study explored students' experiences in a university cooperative education program through interviews with 15 graduating students. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for themes. Key findings were that cooperative education provided beneficial experiences, helped form relationships, and allowed students to develop skills over time. The study concluded that cooperative education aligned with principles of connected learning and was an overall positive experience for students.
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It discusses:
- What narrative research is, including collecting and telling stories about people's lives and experiences.
- How narrative research developed in education, with Clandinin and Connelly first overviewing it in 1990.
- Key characteristics of narrative research designs like focusing on individual experiences, chronology of events, life stories, and restorying narratives.
- Common techniques in narrative research like interviews, memoirs, letter writing, and analyzing stories for themes.
Qualities of a Well-Written Peer Review ReportReggie Cruz
This document summarizes a seminar on writing peer-reviewed journal articles. It defines peer review as experts in a field commenting on others' work to ensure quality. Key qualities of a good peer review report are identified, including using objective standards, being positive and motivating, and going beyond standards to help authors improve. A developmental approach is advocated to avoid confrontation and encourage open dialogue between reviewers and authors. The presenter is introduced as an experienced educator and researcher who has published works and presented on related topics.
This document discusses different approaches to researching motivation in second language acquisition. It covers three phases of research: the social psychological period from 1959-1990 characterized by Robert Gardner's work; the cognitive-situated period of the 1990s which expanded on Gardner's theory; and new approaches of the past decade focused on motivational change and identity. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are discussed as well as mixed methods approaches that combine the two.
This document provides an overview of narrative inquiry as a research method. It defines narrative inquiry as generating data in the form of stories and typologies of stories. It compares narrative inquiry to other methods and notes that it preserves the complexity and temporal context of lived experience. Examples are provided of narrative inquiry research projects conducted at the University of Sydney, including one exploring narratives around childhood sexual abuse and another exploring motivations for choosing psychology as a career.
1. Phenomenological research aims to understand the essence of a shared experience among individuals.
2. It identifies a phenomenon, collects data through interviews, and analyzes the data by identifying themes in the participants' descriptions of experiencing the phenomenon.
3. The analysis seeks to develop a textural-structural description of the essence of the shared experience.
TSLB3143 Topic 2 Basic Elements in Educational ResearchYee Bee Choo
This document provides an overview of key elements that should be included in the introductory chapter of an educational research proposal. It discusses choosing a research problem by identifying an issue, controversy, or concern to study. Examples of potential problems are provided. It also outlines five ways to assess if a problem should be researched by examining if it fills gaps, replicates past studies, extends knowledge, gives voice to underrepresented groups, or informs practice. Additional sections covered include justifying the need to study the problem, developing a title/topic, writing an introduction, providing a background, crafting a statement of the problem, creating research objectives and questions, proposing hypotheses, and defining the scope and limitations of the study.
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data through methods like interviews and observations to understand meanings, concepts, definitions, and descriptions. It focuses on subjective experiences and meanings that people assign rather than counting or measuring. There are several types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical qualitative research, and postmodern research. Each type uses different methods and focuses of analysis but all aim to provide an in-depth understanding of experiences, cultures, or phenomena through a subjective rather than objective lens.
This basic interpretive study explored students' experiences in a university cooperative education program through interviews with 15 graduating students. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for themes. Key findings were that cooperative education provided beneficial experiences, helped form relationships, and allowed students to develop skills over time. The study concluded that cooperative education aligned with principles of connected learning and was an overall positive experience for students.
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It discusses:
- What narrative research is, including collecting and telling stories about people's lives and experiences.
- How narrative research developed in education, with Clandinin and Connelly first overviewing it in 1990.
- Key characteristics of narrative research designs like focusing on individual experiences, chronology of events, life stories, and restorying narratives.
- Common techniques in narrative research like interviews, memoirs, letter writing, and analyzing stories for themes.
Qualities of a Well-Written Peer Review ReportReggie Cruz
This document summarizes a seminar on writing peer-reviewed journal articles. It defines peer review as experts in a field commenting on others' work to ensure quality. Key qualities of a good peer review report are identified, including using objective standards, being positive and motivating, and going beyond standards to help authors improve. A developmental approach is advocated to avoid confrontation and encourage open dialogue between reviewers and authors. The presenter is introduced as an experienced educator and researcher who has published works and presented on related topics.
This document discusses different approaches to researching motivation in second language acquisition. It covers three phases of research: the social psychological period from 1959-1990 characterized by Robert Gardner's work; the cognitive-situated period of the 1990s which expanded on Gardner's theory; and new approaches of the past decade focused on motivational change and identity. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are discussed as well as mixed methods approaches that combine the two.
This syllabus outlines the key topics covered in a research aptitude test, including defining research and the qualities of a competent researcher. It discusses selecting a research problem, writing a research proposal, and different types of research such as historical, descriptive, and experimental. Additionally, it covers important research skills like sampling, hypothesis, research tools, analyzing data, and writing a research report. Specific communication skills are also addressed like effective classroom communication and non-verbal communication.
This document defines ethnographic research and outlines the key steps in conducting an ethnography. It discusses that ethnography aims to understand a culture-sharing group by closely studying their shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language over time. There are three main types of ethnographic designs: realist ethnography, case study, and critical ethnography. The document also covers data collection methods, analysis, writing the final report, strengths and weaknesses of ethnographic research, and ethical considerations.
This document discusses qualitative research methods in applied linguistics. It distinguishes qualitative from quantitative methods, noting that qualitative methods involve smaller sample sizes but more in-depth accounts from participants. It outlines some key characteristics of qualitative research, such as emergent design, naturalistic settings, interpretive analysis, and reliance on verbal data. Finally, it discusses debates around what constitutes qualitative research and lists some strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Qualitative research involves observing and analyzing non-numerical data to understand meanings, concepts, and descriptions. It allows for an in-depth examination of feelings, motivations, and real-life situations, but the results cannot be generalized to a whole population. There are various types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical research, and postmodern research. Each type has distinct goals and methodologies for data collection and analysis.
The document discusses quantitative data collection methods in applied linguistics research. It describes how questionnaires and tests are commonly used to collect quantitative data. It provides guidance on sampling procedures, sample size determination, questionnaire design considerations like question format and wording, and formatting questionnaires. Key points covered include using probability and non-probability sampling, aiming for samples of 100-1000 participants, and designing questionnaires that are 4 pages or less and take 30 minutes to complete.
This document provides information about survey research design. It defines a survey as seeking to describe trends in a large population by administering a questionnaire to a sample. Surveys can be cross-sectional, collecting data at one time, or longitudinal, collecting data over multiple time periods. The document discusses when to use surveys, types of surveys, characteristics of survey design including sampling, data collection methods, instrument design, and obtaining a high response rate. It also covers advantages of the survey method.
Qualitative research design in research in educationRashna Asif
This presentation all about the qualitative research design its approaches features characteristics analysis and also data collection tools in this presentation approaches are very deeply discussed.
Qualitative research is a systematic, interactive, subjective, approach used to describe life experience and give them meaning where as quantitative research is a formal, objective systematic process to describe, test relationships and examine cause and effect interaction among variables.
This document discusses definitions and characteristics of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as focusing on complex human problems, placing emphasis on meanings and interpretations, and occurring in natural settings using techniques like interviews and observations. The document outlines four key meanings that can be traced from definitions of qualitative research: it studies problems holistically, emphasizes the researcher's role, occurs in natural settings, and uses various qualitative data collection techniques. It then discusses characteristics of qualitative research such as multiple realities, generating knowledge through interaction, and recognizing the influence of value systems. Finally, it describes various qualitative methods like biographical studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, ethnography, and case studies.
This document discusses and compares quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. It provides information on:
- The basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research, including their analytical objectives, types of questions asked, data collection instruments used, types of data produced, and flexibility.
- Common methodologies used in social science studies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches.
- Details on quantitative research, which aims to test theories, uses standardized instruments and large sample sizes, and takes a deductive approach. Qualitative research aims to build theories, uses small sample sizes and flexible instruments like interviews, and takes an inductive approach.
- The key difference between the two is flexibility - quantitative methods are less flexible while qualitative methods allow greater
This document describes a study on using narrative writing to teach the process of science. Students in a college science course wrote research narratives about scientists and their work. The study examined students' experiences with this assignment and the role of autonomy, competence and relatedness on engagement and performance. Students found the autonomy and open-ended nature of the assignment beneficial for learning about research processes and connecting with scientists. However, some students found it difficult to write creatively and critically review their own work. While autonomy support had little effect on performance, autonomous self-regulation marginally improved scores. The assignment was effective for science communication and identifying mentors but recommendations were made to improve instructions and feedback.
Qualitative research aims to provide a detailed and complete understanding of a particular activity or phenomenon. It uses natural settings as data sources and focuses on understanding phenomena from participants' perspectives through flexible designs and inductive analysis. Qualitative research is based on philosophical assumptions that there are multiple realities shaped by social contexts and that facts and values cannot be separated. Common approaches to qualitative research include narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, case studies, and ethnographic research. Qualitative research involves purposefully sampling participants, collecting descriptive data through methods like observation and interviews, analyzing and interpreting the data, and drawing conclusions.
Here are the key points about second language classroom research (SLCR) based on the questions:
- SLCR examines teaching and learning processes in real second language classrooms. It aims to understand how languages are learned and taught in these naturalistic settings.
- SLCR derives its data from experimental classrooms where teachers implement certain techniques or activities while researchers observe and collect data on learning processes and outcomes.
- SLCR examines issues from both teacher-focused and learner-focused perspectives. Teacher research looks at instructional practices while learner research focuses on acquisition processes.
- SLCR is carried out within other subdisciplines like applied linguistics, education, and psychology. It adopts methods from these fields to study classroom phenomena
Qualitative research design Types and ApproachesPRAKASAM C P
This research paper describes when to used qualitative research methods types of qualitative research such as Narrative Research Phenomenal Method Grounded theory with illustrations.
This document discusses various research methods and objectives that can be achieved through research. It describes 8 main objectives: 1) categorize, 2) describe, 3) explain, 4) evaluate, 5) compare, 6) correlate, 7) predict, and 8) control. It also outlines different types of research methods including descriptive, comparative, correlational, causal comparative, experimental, case study, phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and mixed methods. Finally, it discusses various research designs such as historical, descriptive, correlation, comparative, experimental, simulation, evaluation, action, and ethnological.
This document discusses various qualitative non-experimental research designs, including phenomenological research, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies. It provides definitions, goals, characteristics, steps, and examples of each design. Qualitative research seeks to understand human experiences in depth rather than draw conclusions from large samples. The researcher observes phenomena as they naturally occur without manipulation.
This document discusses key terminology and methods used in qualitative research including phenomenology, interpretivism, hermeneutics, participant observation, in-depth interviews, case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, sampling techniques, qualitative interviewing, life histories, focus groups, recording observations, qualitative data processing and analysis. It also covers the strengths, weaknesses and standards for evaluating qualitative studies.
Syllabus ed sci 198 methods of researchMaria Theresa
The course aims to introduce the basic ideas, concepts and principles of research methodology, the problem, methods of research, preparation of research instruments designed to arrive at exact analysis and interpretation of data.
The document discusses a thesis proposal that aims to identify writing voice in ESL students' creative writing. It reviews research showing that assigning creative writing in ESL classrooms can increase students' English proficiency compared to only assigning academic writing. The proposal will analyze writing samples from a Basic English course to look for patterns in grammar, word usage, and style in students' academic and creative pieces in order to define their emerging writing persona. The goal is to help English professors develop students' confidence and individuality as writers by incorporating more creative writing activities.
This document summarizes a study that investigated teacher questioning practices during reading lessons in secondary schools in Indonesia. The study observed three English teachers from three different schools. It found that the teachers relied heavily on questions provided in textbooks for their reading lessons and pedagogy. As a result, the teachers were mainly exposed to and asked low-level questions in their lessons. The study provided insights into teacher questioning strategies in a foreign language context in Indonesia and implications for improving reading instruction through higher-level questioning.
Using Information Gap Activities in Promoting Speaking Skills for Elementary ...AJSERJournal
In recent years, communicative approach is considered one of the primary methods to develop students’
speaking competence. When applying communicative approach in the classroom, information gap activities are
employed to promote students’ oral skill. These activities have brought many benefits for students in the classroom and
become good stimulations for students to boost their speaking skills. The study took place at Dong Nai Technology
University with the objectives to investigate the students’ perspectives of teachers using the information gap activities
to help students improve their speaking competence. The data were collected via survey questionnaires and semistructured interviews in sequence. Sixty students took part in the survey questionnaire to answer 14 questions on their
perception on speaking skills and information gap activities. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 6
volunteer students to explain more deeply about their answers in the survey questionnaires to evaluate the validity of
the findings from the survey and give the answers to see whether these activities can affect students’ speaking skills in
the developed way. The findings from the study shows that information gaps activities are effectively utilized for the
development of students’ speaking skills
This syllabus outlines the key topics covered in a research aptitude test, including defining research and the qualities of a competent researcher. It discusses selecting a research problem, writing a research proposal, and different types of research such as historical, descriptive, and experimental. Additionally, it covers important research skills like sampling, hypothesis, research tools, analyzing data, and writing a research report. Specific communication skills are also addressed like effective classroom communication and non-verbal communication.
This document defines ethnographic research and outlines the key steps in conducting an ethnography. It discusses that ethnography aims to understand a culture-sharing group by closely studying their shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language over time. There are three main types of ethnographic designs: realist ethnography, case study, and critical ethnography. The document also covers data collection methods, analysis, writing the final report, strengths and weaknesses of ethnographic research, and ethical considerations.
This document discusses qualitative research methods in applied linguistics. It distinguishes qualitative from quantitative methods, noting that qualitative methods involve smaller sample sizes but more in-depth accounts from participants. It outlines some key characteristics of qualitative research, such as emergent design, naturalistic settings, interpretive analysis, and reliance on verbal data. Finally, it discusses debates around what constitutes qualitative research and lists some strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Qualitative research involves observing and analyzing non-numerical data to understand meanings, concepts, and descriptions. It allows for an in-depth examination of feelings, motivations, and real-life situations, but the results cannot be generalized to a whole population. There are various types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical research, and postmodern research. Each type has distinct goals and methodologies for data collection and analysis.
The document discusses quantitative data collection methods in applied linguistics research. It describes how questionnaires and tests are commonly used to collect quantitative data. It provides guidance on sampling procedures, sample size determination, questionnaire design considerations like question format and wording, and formatting questionnaires. Key points covered include using probability and non-probability sampling, aiming for samples of 100-1000 participants, and designing questionnaires that are 4 pages or less and take 30 minutes to complete.
This document provides information about survey research design. It defines a survey as seeking to describe trends in a large population by administering a questionnaire to a sample. Surveys can be cross-sectional, collecting data at one time, or longitudinal, collecting data over multiple time periods. The document discusses when to use surveys, types of surveys, characteristics of survey design including sampling, data collection methods, instrument design, and obtaining a high response rate. It also covers advantages of the survey method.
Qualitative research design in research in educationRashna Asif
This presentation all about the qualitative research design its approaches features characteristics analysis and also data collection tools in this presentation approaches are very deeply discussed.
Qualitative research is a systematic, interactive, subjective, approach used to describe life experience and give them meaning where as quantitative research is a formal, objective systematic process to describe, test relationships and examine cause and effect interaction among variables.
This document discusses definitions and characteristics of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as focusing on complex human problems, placing emphasis on meanings and interpretations, and occurring in natural settings using techniques like interviews and observations. The document outlines four key meanings that can be traced from definitions of qualitative research: it studies problems holistically, emphasizes the researcher's role, occurs in natural settings, and uses various qualitative data collection techniques. It then discusses characteristics of qualitative research such as multiple realities, generating knowledge through interaction, and recognizing the influence of value systems. Finally, it describes various qualitative methods like biographical studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, ethnography, and case studies.
This document discusses and compares quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. It provides information on:
- The basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research, including their analytical objectives, types of questions asked, data collection instruments used, types of data produced, and flexibility.
- Common methodologies used in social science studies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches.
- Details on quantitative research, which aims to test theories, uses standardized instruments and large sample sizes, and takes a deductive approach. Qualitative research aims to build theories, uses small sample sizes and flexible instruments like interviews, and takes an inductive approach.
- The key difference between the two is flexibility - quantitative methods are less flexible while qualitative methods allow greater
This document describes a study on using narrative writing to teach the process of science. Students in a college science course wrote research narratives about scientists and their work. The study examined students' experiences with this assignment and the role of autonomy, competence and relatedness on engagement and performance. Students found the autonomy and open-ended nature of the assignment beneficial for learning about research processes and connecting with scientists. However, some students found it difficult to write creatively and critically review their own work. While autonomy support had little effect on performance, autonomous self-regulation marginally improved scores. The assignment was effective for science communication and identifying mentors but recommendations were made to improve instructions and feedback.
Qualitative research aims to provide a detailed and complete understanding of a particular activity or phenomenon. It uses natural settings as data sources and focuses on understanding phenomena from participants' perspectives through flexible designs and inductive analysis. Qualitative research is based on philosophical assumptions that there are multiple realities shaped by social contexts and that facts and values cannot be separated. Common approaches to qualitative research include narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, case studies, and ethnographic research. Qualitative research involves purposefully sampling participants, collecting descriptive data through methods like observation and interviews, analyzing and interpreting the data, and drawing conclusions.
Here are the key points about second language classroom research (SLCR) based on the questions:
- SLCR examines teaching and learning processes in real second language classrooms. It aims to understand how languages are learned and taught in these naturalistic settings.
- SLCR derives its data from experimental classrooms where teachers implement certain techniques or activities while researchers observe and collect data on learning processes and outcomes.
- SLCR examines issues from both teacher-focused and learner-focused perspectives. Teacher research looks at instructional practices while learner research focuses on acquisition processes.
- SLCR is carried out within other subdisciplines like applied linguistics, education, and psychology. It adopts methods from these fields to study classroom phenomena
Qualitative research design Types and ApproachesPRAKASAM C P
This research paper describes when to used qualitative research methods types of qualitative research such as Narrative Research Phenomenal Method Grounded theory with illustrations.
This document discusses various research methods and objectives that can be achieved through research. It describes 8 main objectives: 1) categorize, 2) describe, 3) explain, 4) evaluate, 5) compare, 6) correlate, 7) predict, and 8) control. It also outlines different types of research methods including descriptive, comparative, correlational, causal comparative, experimental, case study, phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and mixed methods. Finally, it discusses various research designs such as historical, descriptive, correlation, comparative, experimental, simulation, evaluation, action, and ethnological.
This document discusses various qualitative non-experimental research designs, including phenomenological research, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies. It provides definitions, goals, characteristics, steps, and examples of each design. Qualitative research seeks to understand human experiences in depth rather than draw conclusions from large samples. The researcher observes phenomena as they naturally occur without manipulation.
This document discusses key terminology and methods used in qualitative research including phenomenology, interpretivism, hermeneutics, participant observation, in-depth interviews, case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, sampling techniques, qualitative interviewing, life histories, focus groups, recording observations, qualitative data processing and analysis. It also covers the strengths, weaknesses and standards for evaluating qualitative studies.
Syllabus ed sci 198 methods of researchMaria Theresa
The course aims to introduce the basic ideas, concepts and principles of research methodology, the problem, methods of research, preparation of research instruments designed to arrive at exact analysis and interpretation of data.
The document discusses a thesis proposal that aims to identify writing voice in ESL students' creative writing. It reviews research showing that assigning creative writing in ESL classrooms can increase students' English proficiency compared to only assigning academic writing. The proposal will analyze writing samples from a Basic English course to look for patterns in grammar, word usage, and style in students' academic and creative pieces in order to define their emerging writing persona. The goal is to help English professors develop students' confidence and individuality as writers by incorporating more creative writing activities.
This document summarizes a study that investigated teacher questioning practices during reading lessons in secondary schools in Indonesia. The study observed three English teachers from three different schools. It found that the teachers relied heavily on questions provided in textbooks for their reading lessons and pedagogy. As a result, the teachers were mainly exposed to and asked low-level questions in their lessons. The study provided insights into teacher questioning strategies in a foreign language context in Indonesia and implications for improving reading instruction through higher-level questioning.
Using Information Gap Activities in Promoting Speaking Skills for Elementary ...AJSERJournal
In recent years, communicative approach is considered one of the primary methods to develop students’
speaking competence. When applying communicative approach in the classroom, information gap activities are
employed to promote students’ oral skill. These activities have brought many benefits for students in the classroom and
become good stimulations for students to boost their speaking skills. The study took place at Dong Nai Technology
University with the objectives to investigate the students’ perspectives of teachers using the information gap activities
to help students improve their speaking competence. The data were collected via survey questionnaires and semistructured interviews in sequence. Sixty students took part in the survey questionnaire to answer 14 questions on their
perception on speaking skills and information gap activities. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 6
volunteer students to explain more deeply about their answers in the survey questionnaires to evaluate the validity of
the findings from the survey and give the answers to see whether these activities can affect students’ speaking skills in
the developed way. The findings from the study shows that information gaps activities are effectively utilized for the
development of students’ speaking skills
The document discusses approaches to teaching English as a foreign language at the secondary school level. It describes the communicative approach which aims to have students use English to produce and interpret oral and written texts. Behaviorism is also discussed as an important theory for engaging students through familiar situations. The document advocates applying constructivist principles like relating learning to students' lives outside of school. It suggests teachers use a variety of techniques like games, technology, and addressing different learning styles to motivate students and help them learn English.
The document discusses a study on the effectiveness of role playing strategies on students' speaking skills. It provides background on the importance of speaking skills and challenges students face developing them. The study uses a quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-tests to compare speaking skills levels between an experimental group that receives role playing training and a control group. Related literature suggests role playing can improve speaking by giving students practice in realistic scenarios. The study aims to determine if role playing strategies significantly improve students' speaking skills.
The document discusses a study that investigated the effects of using audio story practice as a supplementary task on Iranian EFL learners' listening comprehension abilities. 47 students were assigned to either an experimental group, which received 30 minutes of audio story practice 2 times per week for 6 weeks, or a control group, which received regular classroom instruction. Both groups were given pre- and post-tests to measure changes in listening comprehension. The results showed that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group, indicating that audio story practice can effectively enhance EFL learners' listening comprehension abilities.
The effect of films with and without subtitles on listening comprehension of ...amirahjuned
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of using audio story practice as a supplementary task to improve Iranian EFL learners' listening comprehension abilities. The study involved 47 pre-intermediate students divided into an experimental group that received audio story practice and a control group that received regular classroom instruction. Both groups took a pre-test and post-test of listening comprehension. The results showed that the experimental group who received audio story practice performed statistically significantly better on the post-test than the control group, suggesting that audio story practice can effectively enhance EFL learners' listening comprehension abilities.
The document discusses a study that investigated the effects of using audio story practice as a supplementary task on Iranian EFL learners' listening comprehension abilities. 47 students were assigned to either an experimental group, which received 30 minutes of audio story practice 2 times per week for 6 weeks, or a control group, which received regular classroom instruction. Both groups were given pre- and post-tests to measure changes in listening comprehension. The results showed that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group, indicating that audio story practice can effectively enhance EFL learners' listening comprehension abilities.
Asia tefl v17_n1_spring_2020_the_impact_of_blended_learning_on_speaking_abili...Hoai Nguyen
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of blended learning on speaking ability and engagement among Iranian EFL learners. The study involved 60 intermediate English learners split into an experimental group that used blended learning and a control group that used traditional face-to-face instruction. Results showed that while the groups had similar speaking skills and engagement levels before, after the intervention the blended learning group showed significantly higher speaking proficiency and engagement than the traditional group. The researchers concluded that blended learning better supports oral development and interaction compared to solely face-to-face instruction.
This document summarizes a study on integrating language learning strategies to promote active cooperative learning. The study examined the impact of interactive teaching methods on student motivation and learning in high schools in Tirana and Shkoder, Albania. Surveys and classroom observations of 60 students found that interactive teaching strategies had a strong positive impact on student motivation and led students toward more active cooperative learning. The findings suggest that applying these interactive strategies can be effective for teachers and rewarding for students, helping students improve their language skills.
1. The study investigated the effect of teachers using current issues of interest in English classes on students' vocabulary achievement in reading comprehension. It hypothesized that using awareness of current issues positively influences vocabulary learning.
2. The study was conducted on male and female university students in Iran majoring in non-English subjects. Students in the experimental group were taught using current issues while the control group was taught normally.
3. Preliminary results showed that students who were taught using current issues of interest performed better on vocabulary tests than those in the control group, supporting the hypothesis that incorporating current issues enhances vocabulary learning.
An Analysis Of Students Speaking Anxiety In Academic Speaking ClassAngie Miller
This document summarizes a study that analyzed speaking anxiety among 52 students in an Academic Speaking class at a private university in Central Java, Indonesia. The study found that students' speaking anxiety was mainly caused by three factors: communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. Additionally, lack of vocabulary, underestimating abilities, lack of preparation, fear of mistakes, and worry about embarrassment in front of peers also contributed to students' anxiety. The findings suggest that teachers play an important role in creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome speaking anxiety.
The objectives of this research were to find out: 1) whether or not Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability of eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang and 2) whether or not the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. This research applied quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was three classes of Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang academic year 2014/2015 with the total population were 69 students. The sample of this research were VIII.1 (23 students) as the experimental group and VIII.3 (23 students) as the control group. This sample was taken by cluster sampling technique. The researcher applied Think-Pair-Share technique in the experimental group and conventional way in control group. This research applied two kinds of instruments were speaking test and questionnaire. Speaking test was used to obtain data of the students’ speaking ability and questionnaire was used to know the students’ interest in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between achievement of the students who applied Think-Pair-Share technique and who did not applied Think-Pair-Share technique in speaking. It was proved by t-test of post-test (2.206) was higher than t-table (2.021), for α = 0.05 and df = (44) and by the mean score of post-test in experimental group (68.57) was better than mean score of post-test in control group (56.35). And the researcher also found that the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang were interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. It was proved by there were 22 students (95.7%) were interested in speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique and the mean score of questionnaire was 83.22 and it included in interested category. Based on the data analysis, the researcher concluded that: 1) Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability and 2) Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique.
Integrating language learning strategies to promote active cooperative langua...Alexander Decker
The document discusses a study that compared traditional teaching methods to active-cooperative learning methods and their impact on student motivation and behavior. The study involved 60 students ages 14-16 from schools in Tirana and Shkoder, Albania. Classroom observations and student surveys found that interactive teaching strategies positively impacted student motivation, leading them toward active-cooperative learning. Applying these strategies can be effective for teachers and rewarding for students, helping students improve their language skills.
The Effectiveness of Group Work Role Play on EFL Students’ Accuracy in Speaki...AJSERJournal
The document discusses a study on the effectiveness of group work role-play activities in improving English speaking accuracy for students at Dong Nai Technology University in Vietnam. The study was conducted over 8 weeks with 15 students. Data was collected through classroom observation, student diaries, and group interviews. The results showed that students were highly engaged and motivated during the role-play activities. However, while role-play helped improve students' fluency, it did not significantly increase their speaking accuracy. Overall, the study found that role-play can be an effective teaching method to increase student engagement, but may have limitations in developing speaking accuracy.
This document summarizes research on vocabulary deficiencies and language anxiety among English-speaking university students. It introduces the research problem, which is that a lack of vocabulary can hinder student progress and language anxiety resulting from deficiencies can negatively impact students. The research question aims to understand how vocabulary gaps contribute to language anxiety development and coping strategies. Three related studies are summarized that explore the importance of vocabulary teaching, levels and causes of public speaking anxiety among students, and the relationship between language anxiety and English speaking performance. The document provides context on the role of English proficiency in academics and aims to help develop targeted language support programs.
Problems of English Language Learning in Context (Based on some Studies in Ma...ErikaFasabi
This document discusses obstacles in learning to speak English, specifically for nursing students in Manggarai, Indonesia. It outlines several key factors that affect learners' ability to communicate orally in English as a foreign language. Age/maturational constraints, sociocultural factors, and affective factors like anxiety and motivation can all influence how well students develop their speaking skills. The document also reviews different theories of language learning and strategies students can use, like cognitive, metacognitive and affective strategies, to help facilitate their learning process. However, developing oral proficiency remains a challenge for foreign language learners.
The function of English as the international language that connects various countries with different languages makes English as an important communication tool to be learned and taught for students from various levels of education as the provision to face the current era of globalization. The chain story technique that implemented in this research, is a technique that is suitable to be used to teach students who have not dared to actively use English. This technique helps students of Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City to work as a team and help each other to construct the sentence. This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students. As for the subject in this research is the Class X Automation and Office Management. This is done in order to obtain valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, test and interview. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3) Based on the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
Differentiated Learning Exemplars for
Students’ Academic Achievement in English
Grade 9
This research evaluated and assessed the learning competency level of the respondents in English and the
different determinants that hinder their learning capability in English. It utilized descriptive survey method
during the conduct of the study. To determine the subjects of the study, universal sampling techniques was
utilized. In addition, respondents’ socio economic status and learning preferences were also investigated. To
answer the socio economic status, a tool was used that was adopted from the Bureau of Census and National
Statistics quoted from the study of Pansit (2018) on “Enhanced MTB Strategic Intervention Materials for
Reading” is used with a statistical treatment on simple percentage. It was found out that education level of
respondents’ parents is in Elementary level with a percentage 63.16% which means that parents could not provide
an appropriate academic information to their children .Meanwhile, in determining, learning styles of the
respondents, adopted questionnaire from the study of Ocampo (2018) on Pedagogical Exemplars in Mathematics
Across Learning Styles utilizing weighted mean. It found out, that the highest ranked of learners’ learning style is
visual which has a weighted mean of 2.36. This is a great manifestation that learners learned best if lessons were
presented interestingly and visually given. Visuals that are chunked into bit of ideas for easier understanding.
Hence this increases student's interest in the subject matter. Meanwhile, it was revealed that, the over-all learning
competency level of the respondents, is in below average. This implies that more exposure of exercises must be
done for the learners to gain mastery of these learning competencies. Therefore, it is encouraged to craft
differentiated learning exemplars fitted to their learning styles and engage them on the different exercises for the
improvement of their academic performance.
Keywords: English Language, Assessment of Learning Styles, English Competencies, Academic Achievement,
Differentiated Learning Exemplars, Visual Learners, Kinesthetic Learners, Auditory Learners.
Dealing with learner reticence in thespeaking classXiuqiLinaCovington707
This document summarizes a study on overcoming learner reticence in oral English classes at a Chinese university. The teacher found students were reluctant to participate in speaking activities in the first year. In the second year, the teacher involved students in designing the course by having them identify their language needs and suggest activities. Students then took responsibility for planning classroom activities. Evaluations showed this approach improved student motivation, confidence, and speaking abilities.
Language of instruction and its impact on quality of education in secondary s...Alexander Decker
- The document examines key stakeholders' opinions on the language of instruction in secondary schools in Tanzania. It involved 408 respondents including teachers, students, and parents.
- Most teachers (64.5%) and students (78.1%) preferred English as the language of instruction, while some parents also preferred English. However, many students (69.5%) reported not understanding lessons well when taught fully in English.
- While English was still favored, most teachers did not use it exclusively in class, and 71.4% of students felt both English and Swahili should be used to aid understanding. The study concluded use of only English contributed to poor academic performance.
Similar to Investigating Students’ Attitudes Towards Listening and Speaking in the English Classroom at Al Istiqlal University: An Action Research (20)
Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon ...SubmissionResearchpa
This article deals with the phenomenon of happiness as a socio-anthropological phenomenon that requires consideration in harmony between social reality and a person, society and personality with their dreams, desires, experiences and ideas. A person, although he thinks about happiness alone, although he considers happiness as a phenomenon that concerns only his life, this does not mean that happiness manifests itself according to his absolute will and absolutely touches and obeys his desires. Society influences the happy or unhappy life of a person not only by established rules, but also by careful contributions and traditions by Eshonkulova Nurjakhon Abdujabborovna 2020. Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon of happiness. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 87-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.925 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925/873 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925
Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central...SubmissionResearchpa
The article describes the essence of waqf institution and some aspects of its development in Central Asia. The importance of the endowment institution not only as a philanthropist, but also as a social institution that embodies many functions in society is highlighted by Nargiza Ismatova 2020. Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central Asia (until the second half of the 19th century). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 71-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.916 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916/864 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916
The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Sut...SubmissionResearchpa
Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov's book "A Brief Essay on the Internal Situation of the Kokand Khanate Before the Russian Invasion", published in the Turkestan press, provides valuable information on the history of Kokand. In particular, it reflects governance, traditional education, the judicial system and the military situation in the last days of the khanate by Rakhimjanova Nigora Kudratillaevna 2020. The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 68-70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.915 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915/863 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915
Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mu...SubmissionResearchpa
Despite the rapid development of dentistry and advances in the prevention of diseases of the maxillofacial region, implantology, and the treatment of dental diseases, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable orthopedic structures of dentures remains high, and only increases with age, due to the increasing rate of aging. society of the planet (M.Yu. Ogorodnikov, 2007; V.I.Shemonaev, 2012; E.S. Kalivradzhiyan, 2013; E.A.Zholudev, 2014; CE. Bragin, 2014; L.D. Veisheim, 2014). Among the reasons for the high demand for orthopedic treatment with removable dentures, the leading position is still held by insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity, untimely access of patients to the dentist. In addition, an important role is played by the problem of imperfection of materials and technologies used for the manufacture of dentures, leading to a deterioration in the condition of the dentition by A.Kh. Zhumaev 2020. Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mucosa of the oral cavity in the new conditions of functioning. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 61-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.913 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913/861 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913
The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakal...SubmissionResearchpa
Socio-cultural activity as a process of active development, dissemination and creation of cultural values is ultimately focused on the formation of the cultural environment of human life, the elaboration of mechanisms for its socialization, enculturation and self-realization, the creation of methodological directions for the development of spiritual interests and requirements of people in order to realize the essential forces and capabilities of each person by Ahimbetova Gulbahar Kanatbaevna 2020. The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakalpakstan. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 56-60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.912 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912/860 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912
International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and develop...SubmissionResearchpa
This document discusses the current state and development prospects of international commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan. It provides a brief history of arbitration in Uzbekistan since independence and outlines key developments like establishing the Tashkent International Arbitration Center in 2018. The document also analyzes Uzbekistan's arbitration laws like the new Law on International Commercial Arbitration passed in 2020 based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. While progress has been made, the document notes there are still some inconsistencies between arbitration laws and civil/economic procedure codes that need to be addressed to further develop the arbitration system in Uzbekistan.
Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their...SubmissionResearchpa
One of the ways to change the physicochemical properties of diesel fuels is to add so-called additives to it. The purpose of this work is to obtain higher fatty alcohols and the use of qualitatively new imported - substituted additives, synthesized on the basis of the use of local secondary raw materials, which is increases their efficiency by Fozilov Hasan Sadriddin Ugli 2020. Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their useage as lubricating additives for diesel fuels. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 44-46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.910 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910/858 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910
Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in NigeriaSubmissionResearchpa
The paper examines adult education practice in agriculture-led development strategy from pedagogical perspective. The paper believes that adult education has the potentialities for development but argues that there are missing elements in the adult education practice that are critical if sustained agricultural growth will be achieved. Instead of andragogy, transformative learning and liberatory method should be embraced. Also, instead of focusing on scientific knowledge systems alone, indigenous practices should be encouraged by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in Nigeria . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 1-6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.902 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902/853 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902
This document discusses adult basic education in the 21st century. It notes that globalization has led to high unemployment globally as many individuals lack skills required for the modern economy. Adult basic education is needed to provide fundamental education, entrepreneurship training, and computer skills to help adults gain skills for additional training opportunities. Literacy is also connected to environmental protection and development. A new paradigm for adult basic education in the 21st century must prepare adults for the knowledge-based economy through various skills programs.
This article provides valuable information about the genres of Uyghur folk singing. The article also provides a detailed overview of the Uyghur musical heritage, which speaks to the ancient history of Uygur music culture. by Muyassarkhon Achildiyeva and Dilafruz Madalieva 2020. Uyghur folk singing genre. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 222-226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.923. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923/871 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923
The term cerebral palsy has been around for more than a century, and the disease itself has probably existed without a name throughout human history. However, despite its long history, there is still no unity in views on this issue. by O. E. Idiev 2020. Infantile cerebral palsy and dental anomalies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 212-215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.921. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921/869 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921
An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent educati...SubmissionResearchpa
This article provides recommendations for the organization of methodological services based on innovative approaches that affect the quality of education in general and special education institutions. by Mahmudova Madinahon Sobirkhonovna 2020. An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent education of future defectologists. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 210-211. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.920. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920/868 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920
The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip j...SubmissionResearchpa
Endoprosthesis replacement-operational treatment of diseases and damages of hip joint. The problem of prevention of complications and their negative effects is extremely actual today. However the role of different beam techniques in identification of adverse effects and complications of endoprosthesis replacement of joints is studied insufficiently. Results of clinic and diagnostic and beam researches of 40 patients with pathology of hip joint are analyzed. The used beam methods of research - roentgenography, multispiral computed tomography. At presurgical stage the main objective was detection of pathology of joint, definition of indications and planning of operative measure. Situation and relationship of components of endoprosthesis, condition of bone tissue, and also bone cement round cup and leg of prosthesis were key parameters of radiological assessment of outcomes of endoprosthesis replacement. Complex use of radiological techniques (roentgenography and spiral computed tomography) allows to specify and add semiotics of changes of bone tissue at the level of acetabular hollow and proximal department of femur after endoprosthesis replacement. by Janibekov J. J 2020. The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip joint before and after endoprosthetics. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 203-205. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.918. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918/866 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918
Proverbs are one of the oldest popular genres of Uzbek folklore, which reflects the worldview, attitude to society and moral norms of the people. In this article, spiritual and idealistic features of proverbs are elucidated and salient examples from masterpieces are given. by Kodirova Saodat Abdurakhimovna 2020. Idealistic study of proverbs. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 201-202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.888. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888/843 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888
Positive and negative features of mythological images in the epics “Beowulf” ...SubmissionResearchpa
At the time of what is considered primitive today, our ancestors were a hundred times more poets than we are. Thousands of years ago, the way of thinking of our ancestors was in the form of “poetic observation”: they accepted their life and everything in nature as a symbol of their imaginary concepts. At that time it was understood that the sky, water, greenery, sun, moon, light and darkness had a soul; the day was replaced by night, and the struggle between good and evil was thought to be over. by More Citation Formats https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887/842 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887
This article discusses theoretical considerations about the production and sale process in the automotive industry. On this way, the way makes analyses both theorirical and practical analyses as the whole. In conlcusion, this makes emphesis on outcomes and shortcomings of the processes of production and implementation. by Nabiev Muzaffar Abdumalikovich 2020. Special three processes of production and implementation. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 190-191. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.885. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/885/841 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/885
This research corresponds to the priority of the development of science and technology of the republic. "Spiritual and moral, cultural development of a democratic and legal society, the formation of an innovative economy." The research is carried out within the framework of the research plan of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute. The main results of the study will be tested in the activities of pedagogical institutes, including students of Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, as well as in the 1st academic lyceum in Navoi and the 2nd academic lyceum under Navoi State Mining Institute. by Usmonova Lola Mallaevna 2020. Improving traditional methods of teaching chemistry. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 187-190. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.883. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883/840 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883
The artistic interpretation of the human spirit in a work of art is analyzed on the example of the works of later years. The article focuses on the analysis of the heartache, the contradictions in the inner world, based on the story of the fugitive Norqobil, which describes the realities of the Afghan war. During the analysis, the influence of time and environment on the occurrence of conflicts in the human heart was highlighted. by Nasirov Azimiddin Normamatovich 2020. Expression of spiritual experiences in art. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 181-182. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.881. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881/838 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881
Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake; by Ravshanova Inoyatkhon Erkinovna and Shermatova Yoqutkhon Sobirovna 2020. Natural emergencies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 170-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.878. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878/835 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878
Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatmentSubmissionResearchpa
The document discusses causes of intolerance to dental materials used in orthopedic treatment. It outlines several reasons for intolerance, including reactions to metals like nickel, cobalt, and chromium in prosthetics, poor oral hygiene, and galvanism from electrochemical interactions between dissimilar metals. Symptoms of intolerance include irritation, swelling, and inflammation of the oral mucosa. The document also examines allergic reactions to dental materials and their various clinical manifestations. Overall, the document reviews sources of intolerance to different dental materials and potential signs and symptoms that patients may experience.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Investigating Students’ Attitudes Towards Listening and Speaking in the English Classroom at Al Istiqlal University: An Action Research
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Investigating Students’ Attitudes Towards Listening and
Speaking in the English Classroom at Al Istiqlal University:
An Action Research
1
Khaled M S Masood, 2
Hussam A Qadomi
1
English Department AL-Istiqlal University/ Jericho-Palestine, 2
English Department AL-Istiqlal
University/ Jericho-Palestine
Email: 1
dr.allpal@yahoo.com, 2
Hussam_eteach@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This study sought to investigate students’ attitudes towards listening and speaking in the English
classroom at Al Istiqlal University. The researchers noticed that freshmen students at Al Istiqlal
University were de-motivated and reluctant to get involved in listening and speaking activities in the
English classroom. One root cause may be students’ prior experience of learning English in Palestinian
state schools where Arabic is the dominant language (Hamdallah, 1999) and where there may be little
provision of speaking and listening to English.
The researchers sought to experiment with innovative teaching methods to address these problems. These
included using group work, giving students clearly defined roles, using technological applications and
drawing on students’ personal lives as strategies to motivate students and change their attitudes towards
listening and speaking activities.
A stratified–purposeful sample consisting of 18 freshman students was selected. The researchers used a
quantitative approach to measure changes. The researchers also used qualitative instrument for the
purpose of the study. A questionnaire was administered at the beginning and end of the study to
determine changes in students’ attitudes. Also, interviews were organized to decide and get comments on
the influence of the strategies which were used. Results indicated that there was a significant difference
in students’ attitudes towards listening and speaking activities in English class. When the researchers used
different strategies such as: role plays cards, group activities, technology and different assessment forms,
students expressed positive feelings, enjoyment and fun.
The researchers recommend that teachers in similar university-level context should implement different
strategies such as: group wok, role plays, cards, videos and some applications i.e. Padlet to motivate
students bridge the gap between school life and university life. It was also found that such strategies help
to change students’ attitudes to listening and speaking.
Keywords:students’ attitudes, English classroom, action research
1. INTRODUCTION
‘This is not English. I’m going to change major, I am admitted anyway?’ one girl cried and burst
into tears. I was not happy to hear such comments from first year students as it was the first lecture with
me, especially from students who selected English major by their own. I insisted to change my students’
attitude to help them love my course as it mainly depends on speaking and listening. Most of these
students complained that they did not practice listening and speaking. Also, their prior experience with
listening to English is very limited. Palestine state schools neglect listening and speaking parts in most of
their teaching (Abu Riash, 2011). Accordingly, students’ feelings towards learning English were negative.
To help these students improve their listening and speaking skills, the teachers had to find ways to get
them love listening and speaking. Since students’ performance in class activities and skills is important
for them, the first step could be arousing their interest in such activities and language skills, also helping
them get rid of negative attitudes towards the activities and skills(Zoghi and Asadzadian, 2014). The
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teachers took the action of experimenting with motivational strategies adapted from Dornyei (1998) such
as implementing active learning strategies: group work, giving students roles, using technology such as
the Padlet application and drawing on students’ personal lives so as to start changing their attitudes.
No study in Palestine has investigated the freshman students’ attitudes and motivation towards listening
and speaking.
Introduction
Listening and speaking play an integral role in foreign /second language instruction for several
reasons (Idrissovaa, Smagulovaa Tussupbekova, 2015; Rost, 1994; Underwood, 1989). Listening is vital
in the language classroom because it provides input for the learner. Without understanding input at the
right level, any learning simply cannot begin. Spoken language provides a means of interaction for the
learner important because learners must interact to achieve understanding. Moreover, learners’ failure to
understand the language they hear is an impetus, not an obstacle, to interaction and learning. Exposing
students to authentic spoken language presents a challenge for the learner to understand language as
native speakers actually use it. In addition, listening exercises provide teachers with a means for drawing
learners’ attention to new forms in the language (Rost, 1994; Yıldırım, and Yıldırım, 2016). Listening
skill is defined as an activity of paying attention to and trying to get meaning from something we hear. It
involves understanding a speaker’s accent and pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and understanding
meaning. For successful communication, listening skill is important, so it should be taught to students
(Saricoban, 1999; Underwood, 1989). Listening and speaking skills in English play an essential role for
the English majors (Sadiku, 2015; Gilakjani & Sabouri, 2016; Al-Eiadeh, Al-Sobh, Al-Zoubi, Al-Zoubi, ,
& Al-Khasawneh, 2016). Those skills can be fostered using role –play, language games, technology and
different active learning activities.
A role playing game
A role playing game is an interactive activity or language games in which students of a language
take roles of some imaginary situations that is close to real life and as a team create a story based on
situation and enact the play in front of audience (classroom), for example job interview. The main aim of
the role play game is to help students practice certain language functions and learn speaking skills. Role
play evokes peer learning and sharing of responsibility between teacher and the learners in the teaching -
learning process. Students are encouraged to be involved and take part actively in the learning speaking
tasks. These are some features of a good role-play: (1) It is based on a familiar situation and relevant to
real world context so students can speak naturally, (2) The group of characters does not exceed 3-4
members and it takes 4-7 minutes, and (3) It fosters students‟ critical thinking and creativity, and (4) It
gives extensive speaking practice to all the students ( Gourmelon,et al, 2011; Krish , 2001; Pravan 2008).
Teachers all the time are concerned about facilitating language acquisition. Listening and speaking are
suggested to be core elements of interaction facilitating language acquisition. The more students practice
speaking and listening skills, the better skills they will have (Hwang & Chen, 2013; Hwang, Shadiev &
Huang, 2011).
Group work
Many studies have examined the use of the group work, game based language learning and
giving students roles strategy at the school level, but no study has involved the use of these strategies in
the university level in Palestine.
When students work in group projects and collaborative learning experiences, they need to work
with one another to learn the content and apply it to the task at hand (Johnson, & Johnson, 1987; Johnson,
Johnson, & Smith, 1991; Webb, & Palincsar, 1996). Simultaneously, learners will experience cooperation
and social support (Tinto & Pusser, 2006). Research shows that group work can have positive impacts on
learners and their learning outcomes. Group work basically gives students to learn in an environment
where they can explain and ‘simplify ‘concepts to each other. According to the learning pyramid, this
reinforces the information provided by the instructor and also provides students the opportunity to learn
the material from their peers, who may be able to explain it in a way that makes more sense to the other
students. The concept of students working in groups also promotes a setting where cooperation produce
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better results, teaching the students valuable life-long skills that are important in the professional
workplace (Laal and Ghodsi, 2012).
Using Padlet
The use of multimedia in the EFL language classroom makes the learners have a positive attitude
towards learning English. The use of multimedia helps to stimulate students’ interest in language learning
(Nario, Santos, Castro and Balinas, 2019). Multimedia has been spread out and used by many students in
their lives, but in Palestine it is not widely spread. According to Fuchs (2014), the implementation of
ICT that when using technology as a means to encourage whole-class participation in classroom
activities, there are benefits and risks to consider. First, among the benefits is the idea of technology
offers equal opportunity, particularly when the participant has the option to be anonymous. If
students are not confident in their ideas or not sure if they have the right answer, any chance of failure
is minimized when no one knows what answer they typed. This realization can allow more freedom
and experimentation in the learning process. In addition, students are drawn to the novelty of the
technology and seem to want to participate just to have the opportunity to use it. A final benefit
of real time participatory technology is that it can give the teachers a more complete picture of
learning from all students, rather than from a handful of the most confident ones. The teacher can
implement that information to inform lesson development, creating a more targeted and authentic
interaction between the teacher and the students.
Padlet is a [virtual] space where the admin can add files, links, videos, and more. By using this,
tutor can create various walls to add your favorite content. Tutor/teacher may develop the above wall to
collect and share a few of his favorite technology resources. People can also collaborate to continue
adding to the same wall space. By using this, it can create a live discussion among the tutor and students
and also co-tutors (Klein, 2013).
Lestari and Kurniawan (2018) in their study aimed to know whether the use of Padlet as media
can improve students’ descriptive writing mastery of students of English Department of Uniska in the
third semester. The research design used is consisting of two cycles. Each cycles consisted of three
opportunities for students to have interaction using Padlet. The cycle consisted of planning,
implementing, observing and reflecting. The instruments used in this research were observation check list
and writing test using Padlet. Padlet was introduced from the first time of teaching learning process in the
class and the following interactions were using Padlet without having direct interaction in the classroom.
The first cycle was not successful because of the students got difficulty in managing time in accessing
Padlet and some errors in their grammatical used. Then in the second cycle, the result showed that 18
from 20 students passed the minimum score and all students did all assignment using Padlet. From the
result, it can be concluded that the implementation of Padlet as media can improve students’ writing
mastery.
Many studies (Handayani, 2013;Vogel et al. 2006; Young et al. 2012) have reviewed role play
and Game- Based language learning as active learning strategies that have been shown to help improve
learners’ engagement, conversation, communicative skills and adds more humour to the English class
(Lombardi, 2012).
In this study, one main question is investigated:
What are the students’ attitudes towards English language listening and speaking on pre- and
post measures?
Implementation
“Teacher can I bring some vocabulary and ask Mr. Robert to tell us how they use them in the
UK?” “I love your class.” ‘Where is Mr. Robert!’. “This is our favourite class.” ‘We notice that our
speaking and listening are getting much better! ‘ These are just a few comments that I heard from
students while using group work, game based language learning and giving them roles as parts of the
daily curriculum instructions. I observed as the attitudes of my students improved throughout the semester
compared with the beginning. To be able to measure the influence of our strategies, we began a study in
the winter semester and recorded data during a 8-week implementation of game based language learning
and giving them. Documenting student progress was important not only for the researchers, but also for
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sharing with the department what we were doing in our classroom to effectively change students attitudes
to become positive. Before beginning the implementation of group work, game based language learning
and giving them roles with our students, we used pre- questionnaire to identify students’ attitudes. Then
we chose several group work activities and in every class, we used role cards and language games. The
first was Introductions and Personal information. Every time we urged the class to use English even while
chatting with their group members. In addition to going over the groups to check answers, some students
asked for help.
We planned a routine for a typical week. Every Saturday, each student recalled on his/her
personal life. Using games, we pre-taught specific vocabulary words before students begin with the
listening part. On this day, 15 minutes of each class period was spent reviewing vocabulary. Students had
time to listen and decide on their roles (reporter, timekeeper, note taker and chairperson). The second
class, students chose their roles speaking. Some of the students would try to imitate the way native
speakers do when they were exposed to the listening part. They imitated to make their part in speaking
more interesting. Some of the students would try to use British accent to make their part more fun. ‘Role
play cards give us a good chance to decide, interact, fun and speak’ this comment came from a student
who initiated activities.
Several students would ask questions about the new vocabulary they collect in the weekend. I
would facilitate the topics by giving students background information on the lesson to help them
understand the listening and speaking tasks they will have. On the third lecture, students watched
YouTube short clips. I integrated YouTube that aligned with their lesson that week. This YouTube
motivated students and provided them a way to understand the components easily. Some students
commented saying ‘I learned new vocabulary and pronunciation from YouTube’ and ‘I liked YouTube
because this activity helps us to improve our language and it was fun’.
Students’ attitudes and feelings as well as their motivational orientations towards learning the
language are affected by the way language teachers test their learners (Al-Jamal and Ghadi, 2008).
Concerning assessment, assignments usually were only once a week using Padlet application. Students
recorded their speaking assignments and sent them on Padlet. This component was included as a way for
students to express their understanding of the speaking assignments in a different way and was done by
the students. Self and peer assessment were used as alternative assessment tools for the traditional quizzes
and summative tests. Students enjoyed this type of assessment. ‘Every time I assessed my classmate, I felt
enjoyment.’ One student comments. On the fourth lecture, students again listened and spoke using all the
above mentioned strategies a class. This repeated listening and speaking strategy provided students
opportunities to improve in both skills.
Methodology
The researcher used mixed research approach including qualitative and quantitative methods.
Participants
A stratified –purposeful sample consisted of 17 freshman students was selected to participate in
this action research.
Instrumentation
The researchers used qualitative and quantitative tools including questionnaires, interviews and
observation. The questionnaire was based on research studies conducted by Viet’s (2017) which focused
on students' attitudes towards students learning of English.
Questionnaire surveys were administered to collect data from the sampled students. Details of
the sample are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Details about the sample and population
# Description Number of students
1 Population 1300
2 Sample 18
3 Number of returned questionnaires 17
Validity
Table 2. Results of Person correlation.
No Item Pearson
correlation
Sig.
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1. You like to use English every day. .74**
0 0.000
2. You like someone else speaking with you in English .62**
0 0.000
3. You like to speak English .70**
0 0.000
4. You like to read books, documents and journals in English .01**
0 0.000
5. You like watching videos in English .63**
0 0.000
6. In general, you realize that learning English is important and you love
learning English
.80**
0 0.000
7. You spend a lot of time learning English .69**
0 0.000
8. You will enroll an extra English course even if it is not a compulsory subject
in the school
.70**
0 0.000
9. Being able to communicate with foreigners in English is a fundamental
purpose of learning English.
.53**
0 0.000
10. Being able to speak English is an advantage in the present time .77**
0 0.000
11. You need English to be more successful in your studies .69**
0 0.000
12. English is an important tool in scientific research .61**
0 0.000
13. All students should learn English .77**
0 0.000
14. Learning English is important to you, because English is a very useful tool in
modern society
.69**
0 0.000
15. When someone speaks English, you think they make a good impression .84**
0 0.000
16. Learning English will help to develop your mind. .56**
0 0.000
17. Students should regularly use English in communication .74**
0 0.000
18. When someone speaks English you think they are good and qualified .73**
0 0.000
19. The important purpose of learning English is to get high score in English
Tests
.82**
0 0.000
20. The important goal for learning English is to get a college degree .79**
0 0.000
21. The important purpose of learning English is to have a good job .74**
0 0.000
*significant at 0.05=α)).
Reliability
Table 3. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the questionnaire
Domain Frequencies Items Value
Total score of the scale 17 21 0
. 95
As table 3 indicates, the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the questionnaire is 0.95.
This shows that the reliability is high and the instrument suits the purposes of the study.
5. Results related to the research question:
This action research tried to answer the following research question: What are the students’ attitudes
towards English language listening and speaking on pre- and post measures?
The researchers tried to answer the question using both qualitative and quantitative data.
5.1 Quantitative data analysis and findings:
Paired-Sample T-Test was used to measure the difference between pre and post measures. To identify if
there was a difference between both measures, means of pre and post measures was estimated as it is clear
in table 4.
Table 4. Results of Paired- Sample T-Test and significance of the difference between means on both pre
and post tests (n= 17).
Variable Measure Means SDs T –value Significance Level
Total
score of
attitudes
Pre 2.68 0.18
-4.67** 0.000 Significant
Post
3.29 0.59
T value at (0.05) =2.12, T value at (0.01) = 2.92.
It is pretty obvious from table 4 above that the estimated T value is greater than the tabulated T value at
(0.05) and the total score. This shows that there are statistically significant differences between both
measures (pre and post measures) of English language students’ attitudes towards learning listening and
speaking skills in favour of post measure. Table 4 above reveals that the pre-measure mean is 2.68 and
the post measure is 3.29, this indicates that English language students attitudes towards listening and
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speaking skills has noticeably changed compared with their attitudes at the beginning of the course. This
leads to a very interesting and important conclusion that the strategies English language teachers used
with students during the semester in teaching the skills of listening and speaking are important. This is
because the freshmen students in a way such strategies change their attitudes towards learning English in
general and listening and speaking skills in specific.
5.2 Qualitative data analysis and findings:
Only18 students were enrolled in the course. We asked the Department of languages permission to allow
us to distribute the questionnaire get feedback and organise interviews with the students. Also, we asked
the Department to use students’ data in our article. We recorded data from students asking them to give us
feedback, express their feelings and attitudes towards activities and methods of assessment we used. We
administered the questions to the 17 students who participated in the study including activities and
changing the assessment method, we measured students speaking and listening using Assessing Speaking
Performance Cambridge English of A2 level.
The qualitative data were obtained from students’ feedback and group interviews. The feedback
strips were given to students in English at the end of each activity to write things they enjoyed about the
activities and things they felt could be improved. Results indicated that students enjoyed role play in
English without using Arabic which is their mother tongue with peers and role cards when used in groups.
Such results could be opposite to (Alenezi and Kebble, 2018) where they examined Saudi medical
students attitudes towards English –Arabic code switching. When asked about the Padlet, students
indicated that active involvement in recording and getting feedback in English made speaking more
enjoyable and interesting. Most of the students said ‘we learn more vocabulary and more things and how I
can pronounce sentences’. Several students commented that they liked the speaking activities in this way
some students said ‘We learn new meaning and we improve our old information; it’s a new experience for
us’. For example, while role playing job interview, students commented that they understood how to act
the roles of employer and applicant and how to form questions using vocabulary given to them better
compared with the first class where students were seated in a traditional way. Students suggested
including more exercises. ‘ I think it’s good; you should continue this activity’ some students said.
Regarding group interviews, students produced the same types of comments. In addition,
students commented that they enjoyed the variety of activities in english and liked the video observation
part. Some students said ‘ these activities are fantastic ideas you got out of the routine.’ others said ‘the
speaking activities take me a chance for speaking so it’s a good idea’. The results of the data analysis
reported in this action research are consistent across both qualitative and quantitative measures. During
the group interviews, several participants commented on how these different strategies of assessment,
speaking activities (role plays, group work, padlet, motivational activities ...) Have influenced them ‘ i
enjoyed this way of assessment’ . Several students also suggested that it would be more fun to use english
language via padlet more frequently as it is fun, involve them and new experience for them ‘i feel
involved and enjoy using english and out of routine when i record and send on padlet ‘ and “a chance to
speak”.
2. CONCLUSION
The results from data collected throughout this research study showed that group wok, role plays
cards, videos and some applications i.e. Pallet to motivate students, bridge the gap between school life
and university life changed students’ attitudes and motivated the students in the listening and speaking
classroom. Through pre-measure mean is 2.68 and the post measure is 3.29, this indicates that English
language students attitudes towards listening and speaking skills has noticeably changed compared with
their attitudes at the beginning of the course. Even though we did not have a control group, this study
illustrated that using different activities is a viable method for changing students’ attitudes towards
learning EFL and increasing their motivation. I encourage all teachers to use group wok, role plays cards,
videos and some applications i.e. Pallet to change freshmen students attitudes they carry with them from
schools and motivate them in their own classrooms. The researchers recommend that teachers in similar
university-level context should implement bridge the gap between school life and university life. It was
found that helps to change students’ attitudes to listening and speaking.
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