The function of English as the international language that connects various countries with different languages makes English as an important communication tool to be learned and taught for students from various levels of education as the provision to face the current era of globalization. The chain story technique that implemented in this research, is a technique that is suitable to be used to teach students who have not dared to actively use English. This technique helps students of Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City to work as a team and help each other to construct the sentence. This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students. As for the subject in this research is the Class X Automation and Office Management. This is done in order to obtain valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, test and interview. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3) Based on the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
Task based language teaching (formato 2010)Patrmartin
Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is an approach that uses tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction. A task is an activity or goal carried out using language. The key principles of TBLT are that language is used for meaningful communication, lessons involve purposeful activities and tasks, and learning a language is best when it mirrors real-world language use. TBLT focuses on the process of learning through tasks that provide opportunities for input, output, and negotiation of meaning rather than solely teaching language structures. The teacher takes on roles like selecting and sequencing tasks, preparing learners, and raising learner consciousness of the language.
Suggestopedia is a language teaching method developed by Georgi Lozanov that aims to accelerate the language learning process. It is based on using suggestion to reduce psychological barriers to learning. Key aspects of the method include relaxing students, using music, peripheral learning, free errors, and having students take on new identities. Suggestopedia classes are designed to be comfortable and help students access both conscious and subconscious learning. While it may help lower anxiety and encourage independent learning, the method also has limitations for large classes and could be seen as infantilizing for some students.
Dokumen tersebut membahas metode pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang aktif (active learning) untuk siswa SMP. Metode ini melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam proses belajar melalui lima tahap yaitu pengaturan kelas, penilaian kebutuhan, perencanaan, implementasi pelajaran, dan evaluasi. Guru berperan sebagai fasilitator yang memotivasi siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri berdasarkan kemampuan dan kebutuhan mere
The document discusses teaching methodology in the English classroom. It addresses 8 questions: 1) What is methodology? 2) What should teachers consider when teaching? 3) How can teachers use textbooks? 4) What are learners like? 5) Should teachers work with the four skills? 6) What should teachers consider for each skill? 7) Who monitors students? 8) What can teachers use technology for? For each question, the document provides explanations and considerations for developing an effective English teaching methodology.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method that uses physical actions to help students learn a new language. Students respond to verbal commands by performing specific motions and movements without speaking. TPR aims to teach language comprehension before speaking. It works by linking speech and motor skills through gestures and actions in a low-stress environment. While effective for beginners, TPR has limitations as it does not fully address more advanced language skills.
10 Principles of English Teaching (SLA Research)Phung Huy
The document outlines 10 principles for effective teaching of English as a second language based on research in second language acquisition. The principles stress the importance of developing both memorized phrases and rules, focusing on meaning while also paying attention to language forms, promoting implicit and explicit knowledge, accounting for individual learner differences, and assessing both controlled and free language production. Instruction should provide extensive input, opportunities for output and interaction in the target language.
This document discusses the background and theory of task-based language teaching (TBLT). Some key points:
- TBLT uses meaningful tasks and social interaction to promote language learning over product.
- Tasks are activities with a focus on meaning, resembling real-life language use.
- Tasks provide opportunities for input, output, and motivation to refine language skills.
- The TBLT approach focuses on real-world and pedagogical tasks rather than language structures.
Content-based instruction is a method that integrates language and content learning. It focuses on using meaningful content from other subject areas as the basis for developing language skills. Key aspects of CBI include using the content and students' background knowledge and experiences to drive the curriculum; focusing on purposeful, contextualized language use; and having students play an active role in interpreting information while teachers facilitate learning. CBI aims to make language learning more motivating by focusing on meaningful ideas rather than just language forms.
Task based language teaching (formato 2010)Patrmartin
Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is an approach that uses tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction. A task is an activity or goal carried out using language. The key principles of TBLT are that language is used for meaningful communication, lessons involve purposeful activities and tasks, and learning a language is best when it mirrors real-world language use. TBLT focuses on the process of learning through tasks that provide opportunities for input, output, and negotiation of meaning rather than solely teaching language structures. The teacher takes on roles like selecting and sequencing tasks, preparing learners, and raising learner consciousness of the language.
Suggestopedia is a language teaching method developed by Georgi Lozanov that aims to accelerate the language learning process. It is based on using suggestion to reduce psychological barriers to learning. Key aspects of the method include relaxing students, using music, peripheral learning, free errors, and having students take on new identities. Suggestopedia classes are designed to be comfortable and help students access both conscious and subconscious learning. While it may help lower anxiety and encourage independent learning, the method also has limitations for large classes and could be seen as infantilizing for some students.
Dokumen tersebut membahas metode pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang aktif (active learning) untuk siswa SMP. Metode ini melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam proses belajar melalui lima tahap yaitu pengaturan kelas, penilaian kebutuhan, perencanaan, implementasi pelajaran, dan evaluasi. Guru berperan sebagai fasilitator yang memotivasi siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri berdasarkan kemampuan dan kebutuhan mere
The document discusses teaching methodology in the English classroom. It addresses 8 questions: 1) What is methodology? 2) What should teachers consider when teaching? 3) How can teachers use textbooks? 4) What are learners like? 5) Should teachers work with the four skills? 6) What should teachers consider for each skill? 7) Who monitors students? 8) What can teachers use technology for? For each question, the document provides explanations and considerations for developing an effective English teaching methodology.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method that uses physical actions to help students learn a new language. Students respond to verbal commands by performing specific motions and movements without speaking. TPR aims to teach language comprehension before speaking. It works by linking speech and motor skills through gestures and actions in a low-stress environment. While effective for beginners, TPR has limitations as it does not fully address more advanced language skills.
10 Principles of English Teaching (SLA Research)Phung Huy
The document outlines 10 principles for effective teaching of English as a second language based on research in second language acquisition. The principles stress the importance of developing both memorized phrases and rules, focusing on meaning while also paying attention to language forms, promoting implicit and explicit knowledge, accounting for individual learner differences, and assessing both controlled and free language production. Instruction should provide extensive input, opportunities for output and interaction in the target language.
This document discusses the background and theory of task-based language teaching (TBLT). Some key points:
- TBLT uses meaningful tasks and social interaction to promote language learning over product.
- Tasks are activities with a focus on meaning, resembling real-life language use.
- Tasks provide opportunities for input, output, and motivation to refine language skills.
- The TBLT approach focuses on real-world and pedagogical tasks rather than language structures.
Content-based instruction is a method that integrates language and content learning. It focuses on using meaningful content from other subject areas as the basis for developing language skills. Key aspects of CBI include using the content and students' background knowledge and experiences to drive the curriculum; focusing on purposeful, contextualized language use; and having students play an active role in interpreting information while teachers facilitate learning. CBI aims to make language learning more motivating by focusing on meaningful ideas rather than just language forms.
The silent way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb Gattegno in the 1970s. Its key principles are that learning is facilitated through discovery rather than repetition, using accompanying physical objects, and problem solving. The teacher's role is to design lessons and elicit student responses through gestures without speaking. Students are expected to learn independently and rely on each other by interacting and self-correcting. The process focuses students on language structures through minimal cues and practice without repetition. The teacher observes students closely and addresses any feelings that interfere with learning through feedback sessions.
Task-based learning involves communicative activities ranging from simple exercises to complex problem-solving. The teacher's role is to plan activities and guide students through three steps: (1) introducing the task, (2) having students complete the task in groups, and (3) focusing on language after by having students analyze examples. The goals of task-based learning are to practice language through interaction, encourage group work, and evaluate student progress.
TEFL - The Oral Approach & Situational Language TeachingSheila Wijayanti
The document discusses the Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching methods developed in the 1920s-1960s. It outlines the key characteristics of the approach, including beginning with spoken language, using the target language in the classroom, introducing new language situationally with a controlled vocabulary and graded grammar. Reading and writing are introduced after establishing a lexical and grammatical basis. The approach is based on behavioral habit-learning theory and aims to teach practical language skills. Detailed teaching procedures are provided, including listening practice, choral imitation, and substitution drilling. Procedures associated with Situational Language Teaching were an extension of techniques from the earlier Oral Approach.
This document discusses elements of a short story and how to teach it. It provides details on the key elements - theme, setting, plot, point of view and characters. It then analyzes these elements in the context of a sample story. It outlines activities teachers can do before, during and after reading a story with students. These include introductory lessons to preview the story, lessons to engage students while reading, and assessments like rubrics and reflection activities afterwards. The goal is to help teachers effectively teach short stories in the classroom.
This chapter provides an overview of the curriculum design process, which consists of analyzing the environment, discovering learner needs, following principles of teaching and learning, setting goals and sequencing content, choosing an appropriate format and methods, monitoring and assessing learning, and evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum. The curriculum design process aims to integrate knowledge from applied linguistics to develop a curriculum that is suited to the learning situation and needs of the learners.
Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is an approach that engages learners in performing tasks using the target language. It focuses on meaningful language use through tasks rather than language drilling. A task in TBLT is a goal-oriented communicative activity with a clear outcome. The key principles of TBLT include engaging learners in authentic language use through tasks, enabling acquisition of new language and proceduralization of existing knowledge. It follows a task cycle of pre-task, task, planning and report with an optional analysis and practice phase. TBLT can be used to develop all language skills and accommodate different learner levels through appropriate task scaffolding and types.
The document discusses the key elements and differences between the whole language approach and traditional approach to teaching grammar. According to the whole language approach, extension activities should allow for creative self-expression, not just fill-in-the-blank worksheets. They can include information gap activities, role-plays, games, projects, and simulations. Language learning is viewed as a thinking process where teachers design cognitively demanding activities that encourage students to hypothesize, predict, take risks, and self-correct. In contrast, the traditional approach sequences tasks simply to complexly and has more teacher-directed explanation and mastery of each step before moving to the next.
Aine Furlong - The role of CLIL and plurilingualism in teaching languageseaquals
This document discusses the role of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and plurilingualism in teaching languages. It addresses several topics:
- The challenges of identity, interdisciplinarity, and diversity in the 21st century that CLIL and plurilingualism can help address.
- The rationale for CLIL and plurilingualism in Europe, including that communication is now international and Europe needs to invest in its diversity.
- Key principles of CLIL including that the methodology is at the core and that CLIL models can vary depending on the learning context.
- The importance of developing learners' plurilingual competence and allowing them to use language in a variety of contexts, including
This document discusses several concepts related to second language acquisition including:
1. Automaticity and restructuring which refer to developing control over linguistic knowledge and changes made to internal representations with new learning.
2. U-shaped learning where performance initially improves, then declines before recovering in areas like grammar.
3. Psycholinguistic constructs like attention, working memory, syntactic priming which influence language learning.
4. Different types of knowledge like acquisition vs learning, declarative vs procedural, and implicit vs explicit knowledge.
5. Factors that influence what language aspects get noticed like frequency, affect, prior knowledge.
6. Stages of comprehension like apperceived input, comprehended input, and enriched input which involve
This document discusses approaches to teaching grammar. It defines grammar as the system of rules governing word arrangement and relationships in sentences. Whether and how to teach grammar depends on factors like age, language level, education, skills, and language needs. For adults, some explicit grammar instruction can aid learning if contextualized and not overwhelming. Children benefit more from indirect instruction through structured input and error correction. Beginning learners should not focus too much on grammar to avoid hindering fluency development. The document also outlines different approaches to teaching grammar, including text-based, context-built, and test-teach-test methods.
Planning goals and learning outcome (aims, goals, and Objectives)Didik Harianto
The document discusses 5 curriculum ideologies that shape language teaching: 1) Academic rationalism, 2) Social and economic efficiency, 3) Learner-centeredness, 4) Social reconstructionism, and 5) Cultural pluralism. It also discusses the differences between goals/aims and objectives in curriculum planning. Goals describe the general purposes of a curriculum, aims describe changes a program seeks to bring about, and objectives provide more specific descriptions of purposes in terms of observable and measurable learning outcomes. The document cautions that objectives can trivialize teaching and be product-oriented. It suggests competencies as an alternative, describing observable behaviors needed for real-world activities.
The Silent Way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb Gattegno that emphasizes using physical objects and problem-solving to teach grammar and vocabulary with minimal spoken instruction from the teacher. The teacher uses gestures and materials like rods and charts to elicit responses from students, who are encouraged to produce as much oral language as possible. The goal is for students to become independent, autonomous learners who can use their existing language knowledge to explore the target language.
We describe the main components for a Competency-based Syllabus. We also discuss the differences between a traditional objective-based syllabus and this integrating syllabus intended to achieve competencies and granted by a meaningful learning process and appropriate instruments for assessment
The basis of curriculum and syllabus designingAtatin Atiqotul
Curriculum basic and design the syllabus, don't forget to check my blog also pendakiilmu.wordpress.com and my google account Atatin Atiqotul M.F
thank you
Communicative language teaching (CLT) aims to teach communicative competence. It focuses on using language for meaningful purposes rather than just studying its structure. Classroom activities in CLT involve real communication tasks between students using all aspects of language. The teacher's role is to facilitate communication, while students play an active role as communicators. CLT is based on the idea that language learning occurs when students focus on expressing and understanding meaningful messages.
This document provides information about task-based language teaching (TBLT). It begins by defining a task as "an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome." It then explains that TBLT engages learners in authentic language use through a series of tasks to both acquire new linguistic knowledge and proceduralize existing knowledge. The document outlines the rationale and design of TBLT, including its focus on meaning over form, motivation through task achievement, and negotiation of learning difficulty. It also discusses the role of the teacher in guiding tasks and providing feedback, as well as the role of students in interacting and presenting results.
This document summarizes key aspects of curriculum design approaches from chapters 9 and 10 of the book "Language Curriculum Design" by I.S.P Nation and John Macalister. It discusses three common approaches to the curriculum design process: the waterfall model, focused opportunistic approach, and layers of necessity model. It also covers negotiated syllabuses, where teachers work with learners to make joint decisions about curriculum design elements. Requirements for implementing a negotiated syllabus include establishing negotiation procedures, planning course content and activities, setting learning goals, and evaluating outcomes.
The audiolingual method aims to teach students to use language automatically through imitation and repetition without thinking. The teacher provides a model for students to imitate through dialogs and drills. Students are expected to imitate the teacher and interact through chain drills or role plays, but interaction is primarily initiated by the teacher. Grammar is induced rather than explicitly taught, and the focus is on oral skills like pronunciation from the beginning. Students are not allowed to use their native language, which is thought to interfere with learning. Evaluation focuses on discrete points and errors are to be avoided.
Background Proposal Seminar The Application of Problem Based Learning in Teac...Siti Purwaningsih
The document discusses using Problem Based Learning (PBL) to improve English speaking skills for 10th grade students at SMK Tamansiswa 1 vocational high school in Indonesia. It outlines issues with traditional teaching which lacks real-world application and prevents students from communicating effectively. The author believes PBL can engage students by making lessons relevant to their lives and encouraging critical thinking and collaborative problem solving. The study aims to determine how PBL can be applied in the speaking classroom and whether it improves students' speaking abilities.
Listening is one of the basic language skills that must be possesed by student in elementary teacher education study program. As a teacher candidates, listening ability can be used as knowledge for student in teaching practice in elementary school. The listening ability is still relatively low. Listening ability for students its important, so need a have efforts and attention.This study aims to improve the students listening ability through the implementation of UKBI. UKBI is a proficiency test of Indonesian language that used as a method to measured proficiency of someone’s language ability. This study used classroom action research with two cycles. This study was conducted on 41 students class 2 A of elementary teacher education student in Ahmad Dahlan University. Data collection methods was used test and observation. The results showed that the implementation of UKBI can improve the listening ability to elementary teacher education student. This was proved in cycle I and cycle II with the increase of the average listening scores of 75.12 and 83.05 and the classical completeness of 78.05% and 90.24%. Analysis of the listening scores showed that remembering is the most prominent ability among understanding and analyzing.
The silent way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb Gattegno in the 1970s. Its key principles are that learning is facilitated through discovery rather than repetition, using accompanying physical objects, and problem solving. The teacher's role is to design lessons and elicit student responses through gestures without speaking. Students are expected to learn independently and rely on each other by interacting and self-correcting. The process focuses students on language structures through minimal cues and practice without repetition. The teacher observes students closely and addresses any feelings that interfere with learning through feedback sessions.
Task-based learning involves communicative activities ranging from simple exercises to complex problem-solving. The teacher's role is to plan activities and guide students through three steps: (1) introducing the task, (2) having students complete the task in groups, and (3) focusing on language after by having students analyze examples. The goals of task-based learning are to practice language through interaction, encourage group work, and evaluate student progress.
TEFL - The Oral Approach & Situational Language TeachingSheila Wijayanti
The document discusses the Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching methods developed in the 1920s-1960s. It outlines the key characteristics of the approach, including beginning with spoken language, using the target language in the classroom, introducing new language situationally with a controlled vocabulary and graded grammar. Reading and writing are introduced after establishing a lexical and grammatical basis. The approach is based on behavioral habit-learning theory and aims to teach practical language skills. Detailed teaching procedures are provided, including listening practice, choral imitation, and substitution drilling. Procedures associated with Situational Language Teaching were an extension of techniques from the earlier Oral Approach.
This document discusses elements of a short story and how to teach it. It provides details on the key elements - theme, setting, plot, point of view and characters. It then analyzes these elements in the context of a sample story. It outlines activities teachers can do before, during and after reading a story with students. These include introductory lessons to preview the story, lessons to engage students while reading, and assessments like rubrics and reflection activities afterwards. The goal is to help teachers effectively teach short stories in the classroom.
This chapter provides an overview of the curriculum design process, which consists of analyzing the environment, discovering learner needs, following principles of teaching and learning, setting goals and sequencing content, choosing an appropriate format and methods, monitoring and assessing learning, and evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum. The curriculum design process aims to integrate knowledge from applied linguistics to develop a curriculum that is suited to the learning situation and needs of the learners.
Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is an approach that engages learners in performing tasks using the target language. It focuses on meaningful language use through tasks rather than language drilling. A task in TBLT is a goal-oriented communicative activity with a clear outcome. The key principles of TBLT include engaging learners in authentic language use through tasks, enabling acquisition of new language and proceduralization of existing knowledge. It follows a task cycle of pre-task, task, planning and report with an optional analysis and practice phase. TBLT can be used to develop all language skills and accommodate different learner levels through appropriate task scaffolding and types.
The document discusses the key elements and differences between the whole language approach and traditional approach to teaching grammar. According to the whole language approach, extension activities should allow for creative self-expression, not just fill-in-the-blank worksheets. They can include information gap activities, role-plays, games, projects, and simulations. Language learning is viewed as a thinking process where teachers design cognitively demanding activities that encourage students to hypothesize, predict, take risks, and self-correct. In contrast, the traditional approach sequences tasks simply to complexly and has more teacher-directed explanation and mastery of each step before moving to the next.
Aine Furlong - The role of CLIL and plurilingualism in teaching languageseaquals
This document discusses the role of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and plurilingualism in teaching languages. It addresses several topics:
- The challenges of identity, interdisciplinarity, and diversity in the 21st century that CLIL and plurilingualism can help address.
- The rationale for CLIL and plurilingualism in Europe, including that communication is now international and Europe needs to invest in its diversity.
- Key principles of CLIL including that the methodology is at the core and that CLIL models can vary depending on the learning context.
- The importance of developing learners' plurilingual competence and allowing them to use language in a variety of contexts, including
This document discusses several concepts related to second language acquisition including:
1. Automaticity and restructuring which refer to developing control over linguistic knowledge and changes made to internal representations with new learning.
2. U-shaped learning where performance initially improves, then declines before recovering in areas like grammar.
3. Psycholinguistic constructs like attention, working memory, syntactic priming which influence language learning.
4. Different types of knowledge like acquisition vs learning, declarative vs procedural, and implicit vs explicit knowledge.
5. Factors that influence what language aspects get noticed like frequency, affect, prior knowledge.
6. Stages of comprehension like apperceived input, comprehended input, and enriched input which involve
This document discusses approaches to teaching grammar. It defines grammar as the system of rules governing word arrangement and relationships in sentences. Whether and how to teach grammar depends on factors like age, language level, education, skills, and language needs. For adults, some explicit grammar instruction can aid learning if contextualized and not overwhelming. Children benefit more from indirect instruction through structured input and error correction. Beginning learners should not focus too much on grammar to avoid hindering fluency development. The document also outlines different approaches to teaching grammar, including text-based, context-built, and test-teach-test methods.
Planning goals and learning outcome (aims, goals, and Objectives)Didik Harianto
The document discusses 5 curriculum ideologies that shape language teaching: 1) Academic rationalism, 2) Social and economic efficiency, 3) Learner-centeredness, 4) Social reconstructionism, and 5) Cultural pluralism. It also discusses the differences between goals/aims and objectives in curriculum planning. Goals describe the general purposes of a curriculum, aims describe changes a program seeks to bring about, and objectives provide more specific descriptions of purposes in terms of observable and measurable learning outcomes. The document cautions that objectives can trivialize teaching and be product-oriented. It suggests competencies as an alternative, describing observable behaviors needed for real-world activities.
The Silent Way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb Gattegno that emphasizes using physical objects and problem-solving to teach grammar and vocabulary with minimal spoken instruction from the teacher. The teacher uses gestures and materials like rods and charts to elicit responses from students, who are encouraged to produce as much oral language as possible. The goal is for students to become independent, autonomous learners who can use their existing language knowledge to explore the target language.
We describe the main components for a Competency-based Syllabus. We also discuss the differences between a traditional objective-based syllabus and this integrating syllabus intended to achieve competencies and granted by a meaningful learning process and appropriate instruments for assessment
The basis of curriculum and syllabus designingAtatin Atiqotul
Curriculum basic and design the syllabus, don't forget to check my blog also pendakiilmu.wordpress.com and my google account Atatin Atiqotul M.F
thank you
Communicative language teaching (CLT) aims to teach communicative competence. It focuses on using language for meaningful purposes rather than just studying its structure. Classroom activities in CLT involve real communication tasks between students using all aspects of language. The teacher's role is to facilitate communication, while students play an active role as communicators. CLT is based on the idea that language learning occurs when students focus on expressing and understanding meaningful messages.
This document provides information about task-based language teaching (TBLT). It begins by defining a task as "an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome." It then explains that TBLT engages learners in authentic language use through a series of tasks to both acquire new linguistic knowledge and proceduralize existing knowledge. The document outlines the rationale and design of TBLT, including its focus on meaning over form, motivation through task achievement, and negotiation of learning difficulty. It also discusses the role of the teacher in guiding tasks and providing feedback, as well as the role of students in interacting and presenting results.
This document summarizes key aspects of curriculum design approaches from chapters 9 and 10 of the book "Language Curriculum Design" by I.S.P Nation and John Macalister. It discusses three common approaches to the curriculum design process: the waterfall model, focused opportunistic approach, and layers of necessity model. It also covers negotiated syllabuses, where teachers work with learners to make joint decisions about curriculum design elements. Requirements for implementing a negotiated syllabus include establishing negotiation procedures, planning course content and activities, setting learning goals, and evaluating outcomes.
The audiolingual method aims to teach students to use language automatically through imitation and repetition without thinking. The teacher provides a model for students to imitate through dialogs and drills. Students are expected to imitate the teacher and interact through chain drills or role plays, but interaction is primarily initiated by the teacher. Grammar is induced rather than explicitly taught, and the focus is on oral skills like pronunciation from the beginning. Students are not allowed to use their native language, which is thought to interfere with learning. Evaluation focuses on discrete points and errors are to be avoided.
Background Proposal Seminar The Application of Problem Based Learning in Teac...Siti Purwaningsih
The document discusses using Problem Based Learning (PBL) to improve English speaking skills for 10th grade students at SMK Tamansiswa 1 vocational high school in Indonesia. It outlines issues with traditional teaching which lacks real-world application and prevents students from communicating effectively. The author believes PBL can engage students by making lessons relevant to their lives and encouraging critical thinking and collaborative problem solving. The study aims to determine how PBL can be applied in the speaking classroom and whether it improves students' speaking abilities.
Listening is one of the basic language skills that must be possesed by student in elementary teacher education study program. As a teacher candidates, listening ability can be used as knowledge for student in teaching practice in elementary school. The listening ability is still relatively low. Listening ability for students its important, so need a have efforts and attention.This study aims to improve the students listening ability through the implementation of UKBI. UKBI is a proficiency test of Indonesian language that used as a method to measured proficiency of someone’s language ability. This study used classroom action research with two cycles. This study was conducted on 41 students class 2 A of elementary teacher education student in Ahmad Dahlan University. Data collection methods was used test and observation. The results showed that the implementation of UKBI can improve the listening ability to elementary teacher education student. This was proved in cycle I and cycle II with the increase of the average listening scores of 75.12 and 83.05 and the classical completeness of 78.05% and 90.24%. Analysis of the listening scores showed that remembering is the most prominent ability among understanding and analyzing.
From the importance of English in world of internationally communicated,
the problems of learning management in each area seems to be differenced,
language and culture are needed for recognizing, active learning is called for
effectiveness instruction, and primary English teachers need to prepared in
modern classroom. This research employed evaluative research to employ
active learning for primary English teachers through professional program.
Data were collected by setting a connoisseurship technique. Seven experts
are appointed and read carefully a tentative program for primary English
teachers. The connoisseurship technique allowed all experts share their
experiences and ideas to promote active learning in freely. Video recording
and note taking were recorded during the validation activity. Active learning
program for primary English teachers is approved before implementation in
different school contexts. The uncertainty situations, COVID-19 pandemic
may be affected to schooling, teachers have to redesign lesson. The
implementation though active online learning is needed to discuss and
rethinking how it be effectively in authentic classroom.
This study aimed to develop English supplementary materials to meet the needs of nursing students on English learning through Instructional Conversation (IC) method. This research was categorized into research and development. The materials were validated by two experts to come to the final product. This research conducted at the Nursing Study Program involving students of the second semester. The data collected from classroom and checklist observation, questionnaire, an interview. Considering the data collected, the English textbooks available and used in the Nursing Study Program contains English language learning materials that are still common and less specific for students used in the nursing study program. Therefore, English supplementary materials through Instructional Conversation (IC) method should be developed by considering the needs of lecturers and students. English supplementary materials through the Instructional Conversation method were developed by considering several aspects.
Teaching and learning vocabulary is an integral part of foreign language learning since it is the basic sub-skill for someone who wants to learn a foreign language. Thus, it is essential to teach English vocabulary at an early age since students still in the scope of their golden age, and they could learn everything easily. In this case, the teachers' teaching strategy seems essential to be concerned. Moreover, this descriptive qualitative study as a case study is designed to explore the Qur'an Learning Center teachers' perspective on the strategy used to teach vocabulary to young learners. The data were gathered through a semi-structured interview with two English Teachers at the Qur'an Learning Center, one of the elementary schools in Jakarta Selatan. The result of this study revealed that teachers believe that teaching strategy is essential for teaching vocabulary to young learners. Thus, the teachers have various strategies that can be applied for teaching vocabulary to young learners, for example, using games, sing a song, and others. Also, the teachers used interesting media like video, a real thing, pictures, and others. Those strategies are effective in engaging students to learn new vocabulary in English. This study is expected to give reference and knowledge for the English teacher who teaches young learners so they could implement some suitable ways with their real class.
The objectives of this research were to find out: 1) whether or not Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability of eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang and 2) whether or not the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. This research applied quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was three classes of Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang academic year 2014/2015 with the total population were 69 students. The sample of this research were VIII.1 (23 students) as the experimental group and VIII.3 (23 students) as the control group. This sample was taken by cluster sampling technique. The researcher applied Think-Pair-Share technique in the experimental group and conventional way in control group. This research applied two kinds of instruments were speaking test and questionnaire. Speaking test was used to obtain data of the students’ speaking ability and questionnaire was used to know the students’ interest in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between achievement of the students who applied Think-Pair-Share technique and who did not applied Think-Pair-Share technique in speaking. It was proved by t-test of post-test (2.206) was higher than t-table (2.021), for α = 0.05 and df = (44) and by the mean score of post-test in experimental group (68.57) was better than mean score of post-test in control group (56.35). And the researcher also found that the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang were interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. It was proved by there were 22 students (95.7%) were interested in speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique and the mean score of questionnaire was 83.22 and it included in interested category. Based on the data analysis, the researcher concluded that: 1) Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability and 2) Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique.
The document summarizes a research paper on the influence of using role-play on students' speaking ability. It includes an introduction that discusses problems with students' low English speaking skills and lack of opportunities to practice speaking. It also notes that role-play could help address these issues. The paper then reviews theories on speaking skills and the purpose and types of speaking. It discusses variables to be studied and the research methods that will be used, including instruments and data analysis. The goal is to determine if role-play improves students' speaking ability.
Vocabulary learning is an integral part of foreign language learning. The meaning of new words is very often emphasised, both in books and in verbal communication. Vocabulary is considered a centre of language teaching and is very important for language learners. This study found a daily code-mixing strategy in learning English vocabulary in the second grade of secondary school. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The research phase includes pre-test and post-test, questionnaire and interview. The findings show that there is an influence on the level of student skills in using the strategy. Furthermore, it also found that students with higher vocabulary levels tended to take lessons in class interactively, this became fun, and students could motivate themselves they usually succeeded in learning by asking, monitoring and evaluating their learning habits. The findings also show that students with low vocabulary levels tend to choose to ignore direction and lack of participation, which means that they do not care about the course of the teacher and still carry unfavourable habits in the classroom. The findings of this study contribute to the further development of existing code-mixing theory and about vocabulary students and strategies. This study refers to giving benefits to classroom practice in the Indonesian context, specifically in increasing EFL teacher awareness so as not to focus solely on existing strategies, but rather look at the phenomena that occur around to create new strategies in teaching English.
The document discusses the challenges of teaching English in Indonesia. It notes that while English is an important global language, teaching it faces several issues in Indonesia as English is not commonly used locally. Some problems are large class sizes, limited time allocated to English instruction, and lack of opportunities for students to practice speaking English. Teachers also have difficulties implementing communicative language approaches due to the environment. The document suggests that smaller class sizes, more time for English, and arrangements allowing social interaction could help address these issues.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document discusses the importance of interactive teaching approaches for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes in Pakistani public sector schools. It analyzes research from 200 secondary school students that found interactive teaching led to greater student liking of English and better language learning outcomes compared to traditional teacher-centered approaches. The key role of the teacher in creating a supportive learning environment that maximizes student engagement and competence is emphasized. Adopting interactive teaching methods across all EFL levels, especially in public schools, is recommended.
This document discusses theories related to teaching English to young learners, specifically discussing the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner. It provides an overview of each theorist's perspective on child development and learning, with Piaget viewing the child as an active learner who learns by interacting with their environment, Vygotsky emphasizing social learning and the role of culture, and Bruner focusing on the cognitive development process. The document also discusses considerations for effective English teaching for young learners based on these theories and children's psychological characteristics.
This research aims to improve the speaking proficiency of 5th grade students at SD Negeri Mendungan 2 Yogyakarta by utilising dolanan bocah (traditional games) in the learning process. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this action research are the 5th grade students of SD Negeri Mendungan 2 Yogyakarta in the academic year 2015/2016. There were 30 students consisting of 16 female and 14 male students in the study. This study differs from previous research. This can be seen from the research action research that integrates dolanan bocah in learning Bahasa Indonesia. The implementation of dolanan bocah corresponds with a significant improvement in the students’ speaking proficiency. The improvement can be evidenced by the disparity of scores obtained in cycle I and II. In the first cycle, the average score was 71.9 with a classical completeness of 63.3%, while in cycle II, the average score increased to 82.4 with a classical completeness of 83.3%.
This document summarizes a research article that aims to develop a conceptual prototype for teaching English as a foreign language based on local culture at STKIP PGRI Lumajang in Indonesia. The study found that incorporating local Javanese culture into English lessons could help overcome obstacles like limited textbooks and teaching hours. A conceptual prototype was created containing English standards, competencies, materials, teaching approaches, and assessments. Integrating local wisdom was expected to strengthen students' sense of nationalism while learning English.
Creating meaningful speaking activity to young learners by using information gapDian Savitri
The document discusses using information gap activities to teach speaking to young English language learners. It begins by providing background on teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia and the importance of giving students opportunities to practice speaking. It then discusses how information gap activities work by having students ask each other questions to fill missing information. These activities provide extended speaking practice and motivate students. The document provides examples of how to implement simple information gap activities for first and third grade students and the steps to effectively guide students through the activities. It emphasizes letting students communicate directly with each other and providing feedback.
M RIZQI ARFANDA THESIS BAB I improving students.dociswatulamaliah794
The document discusses improving students' speaking skills through the Think Pair Share strategy in a classroom action research project. It begins by explaining the importance of teaching speaking skills in English and some common problems students face, such as lack of vocabulary and confidence. It then introduces the Think Pair Share strategy, noting that it allows students to think individually, discuss in pairs, and then share with the class. This encourages participation and compares understanding with others. Research suggests Think Pair Share improves collaboration, communication, engagement, and develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The strategy gives students a chance to learn from each other. The document concludes that Think Pair Share has benefits for teaching speaking and could help address low speaking abilities among some students.
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing a multilayer model in lesson plan (LP) to increase the vocabulary knowledge of deaf students. This study is single-subject research with an A-B-A design (baseline-intervention-maintenance). The intervention instrument used was a LP that consisted of four units, each containing four words taught using multilayers. The instrument was validated and scored 4.6 on a scale of 1-5. The subjects who participated in the study were two students with severe deafness. Two teachers and two observers were involved in this study. The data were analyzed by inspecting the graph, intracondition, and intercondition. The percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) from the inter-condition was used to indicate the effectiveness of the intervention. It was found that the mean value of PND B/A for all LP from subject-1 was 96.25%, and from subject-2 was 100%. Thus, the multilayer model is very effective in improving vocabulary knowledge. The mean of PND A/B was 93.75%, and subject-2 achieved 89.87%, which means that the subject's vocabulary knowledge is maintained even without intervention.
1) The document describes a teacher training workshop that was conducted to introduce 77 English teachers to an enrichment program for language learning.
2) The workshop covered theoretical background on language teaching approaches and provided teachers hands-on experience with in-class and out-of-class activities for the enrichment program.
3) The goal of the enrichment program and teacher training was to help teachers develop ways to motivate student language learning both for exams and lifelong skills by integrating fun activities into the curriculum.
This document discusses language of instruction and developing listening and speaking skills in a second language. It addresses several key points:
1) The language of instruction is crucial for delivering quality education as it is the medium through which knowledge is transmitted between teachers and students.
2) Listening and speaking skills are important to develop in a second language and are closely intertwined. Proficiency is judged by how well one can communicate orally.
3) Developing listening skills is important for proper interaction, but listening involves more than just receiving audio - it requires cognitive and affective processing. The importance of listening in language learning cannot be overestimated.
This thesis examines the use of short stories to improve eighth grade students' vocabulary mastery at MTs Negeri Tarakan. It aims to determine if short stories significantly improve students' mastery of content and function words, and whether effects differ between male and female students. The study is motivated by students' difficulties with vocabulary and problems teachers face in increasing motivation. It is hypothesized that short stories will improve vocabulary scores compared to a control group, and that effects may differ by gender. The study scope is limited to analyzing content and function word mastery through pre- and post-tests of students taught with and without short stories. Results are intended to provide information on short stories' effectiveness and influence teaching methods.
Similar to Implementation of chain story techniques to improve english speaking ability at imanuel YPK vocational high school, Sorong City (20)
The role of entrepreneurship in addressing the issue of educated unemployment is well acknowledged, while its specific implications for health professions students remain inadequately explored. This study's main objective is to investigate entrepreneurship education's effect on entrepreneurial intention by considering entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a mediator in students majoring in medical laboratory technology. This quantitative research uses an exploratory approach involving 300 respondents determined through simple random sampling techniques and analyzed using partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The analysis revealed that entrepreneurship education directly impacts self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, entrepreneurial self-efficacy was identified to exert a positive mediating effect between these variables. However, the effect size between the relationships of the research variables is low. Nevertheless, higher education offering health majors can optimize entrepreneurship education by implementing practical learning and field experience to increase confidence and intention in entrepreneurial activities.
Recent studies claimed that the absence of a paradigm is a challenge to developing education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies. This integrative study examines stimulating these transferable and transversal competencies through constructivist approaches to teaching from the cognitive, social, radical, and critical perspectives. The study argues that the use of constructivist approaches to teaching can contribute to the achievement of education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies through the delegation of power from teachers/lecturers to students. This, in active and interactive classrooms, empowers students and builds their confidence to develop on the personal, academic, and professional levels. The use of the cognitive constructivist approach assists in developing competencies based on a clear understanding of the cognitive structures of students in a vibrant classroom environment. The use of the social constructivist approach assists in constructing individualized learning environment based on predetermined zones of proximal development in sociocultural contexts. The radical and critical constructivist approaches to teaching, through the rejection of conventional epistemologies, allow students the freedom to creatively address issues related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. This becomes effective through the fostering of self and social awareness, challenging existing ideas, and provoking innovative thoughts that are necessary to shape a sustainable future.
The research aimed to describe the development of solar electric cars as a prop in energy conversion learning using the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model and to ascertain the effectiveness of an electric car as a prop in energy conversion learning. Utilization of prop in the learning process is one way to support the development of knowledge, skills, and basic needs for delivering material, concepts, and physics information. This research is a descriptive study involving media and pedagogical experts and 40 students of the university in Tasikmalaya. Data collection techniques were carried out through the study of literature, expert validation, and student perception questionnaires. Expert validation and student perception were obtained by using a Likert scale. The expert judgment results were processed using the V value equation developed by Aiken. The results showed a value of 1, meeting the minimum validation requirements. The students also had positive responses to a prop. They have new experience learning in energy conversion and have good media to help their comprehension. It has a significant impact on helping students to achieve their learning goals.
The rise and growing prevalence of juvenile delinquency is a matter of concern for many parties. This study aims to establish a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that can be deployed to assess the learning environment perceived by high school students. This research endeavor constitutes a developmental study, wherein the outcomes are a single survey instrument encompassing six variables, nineteen indicators, and forty questions. The data-collecting process involved the utilization of a Google Form across five schools in five districts, containing a total of 1615 participants. The analysis of expert data was conducted utilizing V. Aiken and field trials employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Second Order. The findings of this study indicate that the diagnostic survey instrument used to assess the learning environment's impact on the mental health of high school students demonstrated validity, as evidenced by loading factor values exceeding the established minimal threshold. The reliability of the instrument remains insufficient. This survey can be utilized to detect adolescent persistent tendencies carried out by students or other school members that interfere with mental health: the emergence and significant raising of juvenile delinquency.
Marinyo is a culture left by the Portuguese around the 15th century in Maluku. The purpose of this study was to find out to what extent students' misconceptions about the concept of sound in the Marinyo case in the Kepuluan Tanimbar Regency. The method used was a qualitative study in ethnography in ten villages in two sub-districts. In addition, they conducted a survey in the form of a diagnostic test in the form of questions related to the Marinyo case on 300 elementary school students. The findings in the field show that students experience relatively high misconceptions. It was because teachers did not accustom students to learn from natural phenomena around them and were given scientific questions to seek, find and provide answers and solutions related to these natural phenomena. The teacher was more pursuing the conditions and problems of physics in textbooks and less exploring contextual matters. Future researchers are suggested to develop physics or science teaching materials based on regional local advantages that are oriented towards understanding concepts, mental models, critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity and innovative thinking so that teachers and students can learn well so that knowledge of science becomes better.
Online learning is a growing trend in education during the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the difficulties that online majors in non-English languages have when attempting to acquire English. The subject of this study involved using the questionnaire method for as many as 412 students and interviewing 15 students with a total of 17 questions. The results of this study indicate that there are several challenges faced by students during online learning; i) less familiarity with online learning as shown by 31% of students agreeing that online learning is a new learning method, ii) psychologically 30% of students choose strongly agree that they have limited opportunities to interact directly and freely with lecturers as well as with students, iii) limited facilities and infrastructure as much as 28% agree that the budget is limited to get quota or internet credit, and iv) limited internet access as many as 35% of students do not have good internet coverage to take online lectures. The findings of this study should be a reference for English lecturers to continue learning to innovate in providing online English learning by considering the existing challenges.
English for young learners (EYL) teachers have practiced some creative activities to maintain their pupils’ learning with natural exposure to the target language amidst the pandemic. One activity practiced by Indonesian and Korean teachers was an international collaboration to perform a virtual drama of each country’s folktale. This phenomenological research aimed at tapping the teachers’ perceptions regarding interculturality and world Englishes (WE) in the virtual dramatic play collaboratively conducted and delving into their commitments in honing interculturality and WE. Two Indonesian and Korean teachers were involved in three sessions of in-depth interviews using pre-prepared interview questions. The trustworthiness of the data was achieved by the group discussions allowing the participants to comment on and revise the transcribed data, as well as triangulation by two international collaborators. Thematic analysis was performed to identify emerging themes and to provide novel insights into EYL teachers' encounters with interculturality and WE. The Indonesian and Korean teachers admitted the compatibility between language and culture, the urgency of introducing varieties of English, and the merits of conducting international collaboration to promote interculturality and WE. The teachers are committed to integrate interculturality and WE in their instructions despite some differences in the stipulated curricula.
The fear of failure stops students from thinking logically and processing information in mathematics. Creating an appropriate classroom climate based on every student's ability is crucial to overcoming the prejudices associated with mathematics. In this regard, this study aims to create the best classroom climate approach that will increase interest in mathematics and ensure academic success. For this purpose, mathematicians' views on the classroom climate approach and how they create them were discussed by using qualitative techniques. It was considered that teachers participating in this research are working in 9th grade in state high schools affiliated with the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus Ministry of Education, accepting students through examination. The researchers collected teacher views through a semistructured interview form and analyzed them using context analysis. The findings showed that teachers were in a hurry to teach and generally paid attention to creating a comfortable classroom climate in which students could express their thoughts and opinions. This situation also revealed a lack of adequate classroom climate approach skills among teachers. Therefore, the classroom climate approaches discussed in this study are expected to make a significant contribution to this field by offering solutions to teachers in creating a supportive classroom climate.
The article is devoted to the study of the issue of training future police officers to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in their professional activities. Based on the results of the theoretical analysis of scientific and applied works, modern trends in the development of drones in the activities of law enforcement agencies were identified, and the problem of their implementation in practical activities was outlined. An online survey was conducted in order to study the opinion of scientific, scientific and pedagogical workers and graduates of higher education institutions with specific learning conditions that train police officers about the need to train future police officers in the control of UAVs. The need to introduce into the system of primary professional training the training of service skills using drones is substantiated. On the basis of the study of the content of the training program for unmanned aircraft systems of the first class according to the basic qualification level of the first level, it is proposed to introduce the general professional educational unit “formation of skills and skills of controlling an UAV” into the training program of the primary professional training of police officers in the specified specialty.
English language teaching (ELT) in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, commonly known as pesantren, presents a unique context that requires a tailored pedagogical approach. This study aimed to explore the application of context-responsive pedagogy in ELT within the unique context of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This qualitative study employed semistructured interviews and classroom observation as data generation methods to gain insights into the experiences and perspectives of English language teachers regarding the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy in English language instruction. The findings revealed the importance of understanding learner needs, incorporating authentic materials, promoting cultural sensitivity, and effective use of technology in ELT practices in Islamic boarding school contexts. This study delves into how English language teachers navigated and negotiated their practices with the socio-cultural and religious values entrenched in this institution. It also highlighted the challenges English language teachers in this school context faced in the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy. Eventually, this research provides valuable insights for ELT practitioners, policymakers, and researchers interested in incorporating context-specific pedagogy to optimize ELT in Islamic boarding schools and similar educational contexts.
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a training curriculum intended to enhance the quality of life for the elderly. As Thailand witnesses a demographic shift with increasing numbers of older adults, driven by declining birth rates and extended life expectancies, the importance of ensuring quality elderly care becomes paramount. The devised curriculum encompasses eight principal elements focusing on the elderly, defined as those aged 60 and above, addressing their physical and mental changes, well-being, health, and overall satisfaction. The content is holistic, integrating components of music, art, health care, and exercise. Delivered over a two-day period, the curriculum employs a structured approach featuring lectures, discussions, and knowledge exchanges, supported by a range of media and materials. Initial assessments revealed a moderate quality of life among the elderly, but post-training evaluations indicated enhanced knowledge, understanding, and positive attitudes towards the activities, pointing to an overall high level of effectiveness of the curriculum.
The study of the role of the pedagogy of partnership (PoP) in building the professional competence of future primary school teachers is relevant in the context of modern educational and pedagogical transformations, which require the preparation of teachers for new challenges and creating a favourable learning environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to check the effect of observing the pedagogical partnership principles in the educational process on the development of the communicative competence of future primary school teachers. The study employed the following psychodiagnostic methods: the Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument (TKI), Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), Snyder’s self-control in communication. The implementation of the PoP programme in higher education institutions (HEIs) has a positive effect on the development of the communicative competence of future teachers, in particular, on developing the ability for self-control and increasing the scope of psychological knowledge. The study revealed some important correlations. Our results indicate that cooperation and the ability to make compromises are directly related to the communicative abilities of future teachers. Further research can be focused on studying the impact of pedagogical partnership on other aspects of future teacher training, such as methodical mastery, motivation for learning and development.
This study examined the relationship between students’ academic performance, teachers’ commitment, and leadership behavior of school administrators. Teachers’ commitment was measured in two areas– commitment to job and commitment to organization and the leadership behavior of school administrators were evaluated in terms of consideration and initiating structure. Eighty-one teachers, 11 school heads, and 470 students served as respondents. The descriptive survey research technique, correlation analysis, and the following statistical methods were used: frequency, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient. The study revealed that the initiating structure and consideration dimensions of leadership behavior affect teachers’ commitment to job (CTJ) and teacher’s commitment to organization (CTO). The correlation between CTJ and CTO and leadership behavior-initiating structure is positive and with leadership behavior-consideration negative. CTJ and CTO is correlated with the students’ academic performance in math, but not in Science and English. The correlation is negative. Students’ academic performance in all subject areas is negatively correlated with leadership behavior-initiating structure and has no significant relationship with leadership behavior-consideration. The leadership behavior-initiating structure is positively correlated with teachers’ commitment to both job and organization but has negative correlation with students’ academic performance in math, science, and English.
This study aims to describe preservice mathematics teacher knowledge of higher order thinking skills in terms of definition, Bloom's taxonomy level, curriculum, learning, and evaluation. This research is quantitative research with a survey method. and sample consisted of 248 preservice mathematics teachers in semesters VI - VIII of the Department of Mathematics Education, Nusa Cendana University, Timor University, and Wira Wacana Sumba University. The instrument used was a questionnaire about high order thinking skill (HOTS) which consisted of 105 statements. Data analysis used Likert's summeted rating, one sample test, Mann Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis tests, multiple linear regression test, and multivariate analyisis of variance (MANOVA) test. The results showed that the knowledge level of preservice mathematics teacher was in the good category. Based on gender differences, there was no significant difference in the average knowledge of preservice mathematics teacher about HOTS, there was a significant difference in the average knowledge of preservice mathematics teacher about HOTS which is significant based on differences in academic ability and gender differences do not significantly affect knowledge about HOTS levels in Bloom's taxonomy, curriculum, and pedagogy while academic knowledge has a significant effect on HOTS knowledge of preservice teachers in almost all aspects except for pedagogy.
Formative assessment is an evaluative practice developed in the classroom for the improvement of learning using evidence on student progression. The objective of this research is to compare sample groups from multigrade and single-grade classrooms on the theme of formative assessment based on the students' opinion of the teacher's performance. The method used was a comparative quantitative method. The sample type is a probability sample of 683 students from 5th to 8th grade from urban and rural schools in the commune of Longaví, located in the Maule Region of Chile. A validated Likert scale questionnaire with a high level of reliability (α = 0.93) was used. The results of the research showed that, in the six dimensions, the best teacher performance concerning formative assessment is found in multi-grade schools and not in single-grade schools. This can be explained on the basis of several reasons, among them the level of adaptability that teachers have in this type of classroom, the heterogeneous characteristics of the classroom (different ages and learning goals) and the need for teachers to monitor the learning progression of students with different classroom characteristics.
Financial literacy, as a fundamental skill in the 21st century, has become a life skill that is urgently needed to be improved. Globally, the drive to enhance financial literacy involves integrating it into the education curriculum, necessitating educators’ comprehensive grasp of financial literacy education before imparting it to students. This research aims to outline a conceptual model of financial literacy professional development to improve teachers’ professional competence, employing a narrative review that synthesizes 28 relevant literatures retrieved from Scopus databases. The results of the study show that an effective training model for teacher professional development (TPD) in financial literacy education should focus on essential financial literacy content consisting of planning and budgeting, banking services, income and careers, insurance, investment, savings, also spending and credit. Furthermore, the main characteristics of TPD regarding financial literacy education should encompass content focus, coherence, ownership, active learning, duration, and collective participation.
The objective of this research is to examine teachers' competence in designing activities after engaging in professional development activities aimed at enhancing teaching design in order to develop students' thinking abilities that are contextually appropriate. The participants consist of 5 elementary school science teachers from schools. The research employed semi-structured interviews and classroom observation as research instruments. The findings reveal that teachers engaged in self-development through observation and learning from their peers within the community of practice (CoP). They receive advice and feedback from fellow teachers and apply these insights to improve their activities. Consequently, teachers are able to continuously refine and develop their teaching approaches to align with students' contexts. This approach facilitate diversification in thinking and learning management, as well as collaborative teamwork to enhance teaching methods. As a result, engaging and interesting thinking development activities are incorporated into student learning, along with the creation of a seamless learning-promoting environment. Collaborative teamwork in instructional design and problem-solving further afford teachers the opportunity for additional self-learning and personal development. This collaborative approach also contributes to fostering cognitive diversity and relieved the need for individual teachers to undertake all tasks independently.
Adaptive online learning can be realized through the evaluation of the learning process. Monitoring and supervising learners’ cognitive levels and adjusting learning strategies can increasingly improve the quality of online learning. This analysis is made possible by real-time measurement of learners’ cognitive levels during the online learning process. However, most of the currently used techniques for evaluating cognitive levels rely on labour-intensive and time-consuming manual coding. In this study, we explore the machine learning (ML) algorithms and taxonomy of Bloom’s cognitive levels to explore features that affect learner’s cognitive level in online assessments and the ability to automatically predict learner’s cognitive level and thus, come up with a recommendation or pedagogical intervention to improve learner’s acquisition. The analysis of 15,182 learners’ assessments of a specific learning concept affirms the effectiveness of our approach. We attain an accuracy of 82.21% using ML algorithms. These results are very encouraging and have implications for how automated cognitive-level analysis tools for online learning will be developed in the future.
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
More from Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) (20)
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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Nowadays, the learning process of English focuses on the speaking skill since a very young age.
Speaking is the language skill which comes first in human’s young age and is the most essential and most
often used in communication [6]. Teaching English in Indonesia is more difficult, because English is not the
first language in our country, but, a foreign language and dominantly as a third language in this country [7].
Students have become very difficult to develop the habit of communicating in English because both at home,
in the community and in the school environment outside the English class, they do not find someone who is
actively speaking English. Furthermore, some factors affecting English speaking skill are limited chance to
speak English either in classroom or outside, minimum exposure to real English language situations that give
them opportunities to practice English for communication and expression [8]. Moreover, the structure of
English that is very different with Indonesian influencing the students understanding. EFL learners’ speaking
skill is affected by some linguistic components of language like phonology, syntax, vocabulary, and
semantics and psychological factors such as motivation and personality [9].
The teacher’s creativity in developing learning English in the classroom is the most important factor
to increase the English learning quality. In the several decades, language teachers tend to use traditional
teaching methods, such as introducing a new idea, giving rules deductively, or explaining the lesson directly
[10]. It did not help the students to use target language directly. Nowadays learning develops and emphasizes
speaking ability as the most important thing to prepare every individual to be able to communicate not only
writing but verbally. Language learners sometimes evaluate their success in language learning based on how
well they have improved in their spoken language ability [11].
Based on the curriculum of 2013, teaching English should be based on the context. Teaching should
be contextual which was related to phenomenon and events in the real life [12]. We believe that language
learning is a hard job. We cannot deny that many students may good at writing or reading but just some of
them who may be good at speaking. They still use English passively to only communicate by text. Teachers
as important milestones of learning success must be observant of the needs of students. The important
elements for learning is the method that instructors use in their classes to facilitate language learning process
[13]. This means that the type of input given determines the final outcome of the learning process.
The problem that is often faced by English language students is that they are forced to accept
lessons in a way or technique that is not in accordance with their abilities. This causes the continuity between
input, process, and output. Teachers should be more sensitive to being aware of the needs of the students they
are teaching. The learning process in the classroom influences the success of education [14]. Nowadays, it
has become obligatory for the teachers to rethink and renovate their teaching strategies with the changing
times [15]. Teachers should be filled with energy, enthusiasm, and a learner-centered approach [16].
The accuracy of the selection of techniques is so important that the learning process can run optimally so as
to achieve the learning objectives. The kind of methods or techniques used by teachers must give
more opportunities toward students to practice the language [17]. Students who use effective strategies
which make them comfortable in using English to communicate will be able to solve many problems in
speaking English [18].
Teachers should encourage students’ communicative competence all the time, and besides their
limitations to use language fluently and accurately, they should provide them with spaces to interact with
others or to immerse them in speaking activities that enhance their ability to use the target language [19].
Dealing with the purpose of teaching speaking purposes to use English actively, the chain story technique
will fill the desire of it. The chain story technique is designed in a way that the students can be more active to
create sentences and to help each other in a cooperative manner. When students are arranged in pair or group
work, they have the opportunity to improve their speaking skills, students usually feel more confident,
comfortable and free expressing their ideas without being afraid of making mistakes while in both pair or
group work activities; correction usually takes place among students in the group [20].
Chain story technique helps students to learn in groups but not passively. Each student is invited to
be involved in learning by connecting a story whose topic has been given first. Students will learn to string
words slowly so that they will become accustomed to remember each sentence. The best way to learn is to
experience the learning yourself. When students are invited to think together, search for words together and
say the word, then the word or sentence directly will be stored into their respective memories. Imanuel YPK
Vocational High School, Sorong City as one of the vocational schools in Sorong City under the Christian
Education Foundation in Papua certainly continues work to improve students' abilities in English because
Vocational Schools always want to produce graduates who are ready to enter the workforce. Based on the
initial study, it is known that students in this school actually have the potential but do not have the courage to
use English to speak. The purpose of this study is to apply chain story techniques to their effectiveness in
improving their English speaking skills, as well as increasing students' self-confidence in speaking English.
Siska Apriyani [21] wrote a study entitled Improving Students' Speaking Ability Using Chain
Story Technique In Text For Grade Recount VIII of SMP N 1 Wates In Academic Year 2016/2017.
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The research of this class action consists of two cycles. The results of this study indicate that the use of chain
techniques is able to improve the speaking ability of students in recount texts successfully. Recount text is a
text that tells about the experience. The application of chain story techniques makes students feel challenged
in speaking [21].
Iponiasih [22] wrote a study entitled The Influence of Using Story Chain Activity on Procedural
Text towards Students' Speaking Skill. The researcher employs quantitative research with the method of
experiment. She uses a quasi-experimental design in the type of non-equivalent control group to get the
sample. The data is collected using an oral test. Based on the research findings after calculating the data,
the result shows that there is a significant influence of using chain story activity on procedural text towards
students’ speaking skill [22].
Lusi Fitriani & Muslih Hambali [23] wrote a study entitled Teaching Speaking through Chain
Storytelling to the Tenth Grade Students Of SMA Srijaya Negara Palembang. The sample of this study was
60 tenth grade students of SMA Srijaya Negara, which were divided into control and experimental group,
and each group had 30 students. To collect the data, each group was assigned pretest and post test. The result
from paired sample t test showed that the mean difference in post test and pretest of experimental group was
16.000 at the significance level of p<0.05 and since t obtained was higher than t table (9.649>2.04523), H01
was rejected and there was a significant improvement in speaking skill of experimental group [23].
Chain story is an activity in which stories are written or made by multiple author; each author
contributes a sentence to the story then forwards the entire text to a partner [24]. Furthermore, chain story
activity is a kind of game which can be applied in language teaching and learning activity [25]. In English
teaching and learning activity, this activity can be applied in helping students to master speaking skill
through the group works. Speaking is one of the important skills in the process of language learning [26].
Through speaking, students will understand ideas, opinions, and information from others. The ability to speak
English is the ability to express ideas and ideas in English.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Method
To get a valid and reliable research result, researchers must use the right method to obtain data.
The methodology has a very important role in every scientific research because it determines the quality of
research results. The method of this research is a qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative to
explain the condition before and after the action. The quantitative to count the score of the students.
This study was designed in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). Classroom action research was
carried out through certain procedures had a cyclical model which consist of four activities. They are as
follow (1) planning; (2) acting; (3) observing, and (4) reflecting. CAR is an investigation of scientific
problem solving, which has been carried out by real teaching actions in the classroom. This class study is
primarily concerned with teaching speaking through learning strategies using chain stories. In the CAR
method, there are actions carried out in several cycles depending on needs. In the following Figure 1 is a
CAR cycle model according to Kemmis and Taggart [27].
Figure 1. Classroom Action Research Cycle [27]
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In this cycle there are planning, taking action, observing and reflecting on the actions given in each
cycle to decide the next action that must be taken so that this technique can be successfully adopted
by students. This classroom action research is characterized by continuous change. The research will end if a
predetermined indicator can be reached or has reached a level of saturation where the results only shift little
or no change at all.
2.2. Subject of research
The limitation of the subject of research as objects, things or people place data for variables
the research is inherent, and the one in question. In a study, the subject research has a very strategic role
because, in the subject of research, that's the data about the variables studied observe. The subject in this
research was the Class X Automation and Office Management.
2.3. Data collection technique
In this study, three types of data collection techniques were used. This is done in order to obtain
valid and reliable research data. Data collection techniques used were observation, tests, and interview.
Observations were made to see the learning process carried out by subject teachers. The aspects observed are
the teaching and learning process before treatment and after treatment. The initial test was carried out to
determine the ability of students to speak English. Interview given to students to capture information about
students' perceptions regarding the implementation of activities that have been carried out. This is done so
that the results of the processes that have been carried out become more convincing that they have been
successfully implemented. Each value obtained is multiplied by 4, so that the maximum value is 100.
Table 1. Value indicator for speaking assessment
No Speaking Components Points Indicator
1. Pronunciation 5
4
3
2
1
a. Can pronounce correctly & articulate clearly
b. Mostly correct pronunciation & clear articulation
c. Largely correct pronunciation & clear articulation except occasional errors
d. Frequently unintelligible articulations
e. Insufficient accuracy in pronunciation; many grammatically errors
2. Grammar 5
4
3
2
1
a. Students make a few noticeable errors of grammar word order.
b. Students occasionally make grammatical or word errors
c. Students make frequent errors of grammar and word order
d. Students have grammar and word errors make comprehension difficult.
e. Students have errors in grammar and word order so severe as to make speech
3. Vocabulary 5
4
3
2
1
a. Students’ use of vocabulary and idioms is virtually that of native speaker.
b. Sometimes, students use inappropriate terms or must rephrase ideas
c. Students frequently are wrong words conversation somewhat limited
d. Students misuse of word and very limited vocabulary
e. Students have limitation vocabulary so extreme as to make conversation
4. Comprehension 5
4
3
2
1
a. Students have speech as fluent and effortless as that native speaker.
b. Students have speed of speech seems to be affected by language problems.
c. Students have speed and fluently rather strongly.
d. Students usually hesitant often force in to silence by language limitation.
e. Students have speech is as halting and fragmentary as to make conversation
5. Fluency 5
4
3
2
1
a. Students appear to understand everything without difficult.
b. Students understand nearly everything at normal speed
c. Students understand most what is said at slower than normal speed
d. Students have great difficulty following what is said
e. Students cannot say to understand even simple conversational English.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1. Observation
This study is a Classroom Action Research in the Class X Automation and Office Management at
Imanuel YPK Vocational high School, Sorong City. The researcher has carried out the previous observation
process on the research subject. These observations relate to teaching techniques that the teacher uses
and how the subject of the study receives the lesson. This is needed to recognize the environment in which
the researcher must apply the technique. In accordance with the results of these observations, the researcher
took the conclusion that the teacher had tried to apply active learning using songs and games. However, the
technique researchers feel is not enough to encourage students to actively use English. Based on the results of
these observations also help researchers prepare a research plan that will be delivered in the cycle.
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3.2. Cycle 1
In advance of starting the cycle, the researcher conducted a simple speaking pre test. Based on
the pre test was known that the ability of the students were lack. The researcher prepared to set up a lesson
plan to start the first cycle. This 1st cycle conducted in four meetings in each different class. This activity
was attended by 75 students in 3 different classes of the Class X Automation and Office Management,
meanwhile that there are 25 students in each class. The technique used is of course a chain story technique.
In the first meeting, the researchers first divided the class into 5 small groups of 5 students in it. The division
of this group is also done well, in which in one group there must be 2 students who the researcher considers
to be the leader because of his English language abilities are more than others. This researcher adjusts to the
ability of these students in the pre test. In the first meeting, the researcher was shared each group pieces of
paper that contain words that if compiled will become a story. Each group is allowed to use a dictionary.
Each group is given 30 minutes to compile the story. After that, each group reads the stories they have
compiled. At first the students have not been able to arrange well and correctly, especially in the use of
articles and to be. The researcher gave some advices especially the article and to be.
At the second meeting, the researcher brings a piece of picture to help students construct a story.
The researcher asked the students in each group to one by one describe the picture then sequentially and
continued by the other member at the same group. Students can arrange images correctly, but the words
spoken are inappropriate according to English grammar, word selection also still does not vary. Based on the
reflection, the researcher thought that she should give an energizer to help the students. The researcher
conducted a new lesson plan to help the students conduct sentences in chain. At the third meeting,
the researcher gave pieces of pictures and pieces of stories that must be matched and arranged. Each group is
given time to arrange it. After that, each group reads the sentence that has been arranged according to
the picture in front of the class, each student gets 1 picture and explains 1 picture, they can describe more
than what they saw in the pieces of stories. Pictures in each group are different, so that the sentence used is
also not the same. Students have done well but pronunciation of sentences is not exactly in accordance with
the English pronunciation. After the third meeting, the researcher invited all students to read the story
together according to the correct pronunciation. At the fourth meeting, the researcher gave a topic and the
students were asked to give their opinion about it in their own group. Each group should give at least fifty
words. The results of the value distribution of the Speaking test results can be seen in the following Table 2.
Table 2. Recapitulation results of cycle I
No. Category Range Value Frequency Percentage (%)
1. Very Good 85-100 13 17
2. Well 70-84 19 25
3. Enough 55-69 23 31
4. Less 0 – 54 20 27
Total 75 100 %
Based on the results of the first cycle, The researchers found that only 17% or 13 students scored
very well, 25% or 19 students got good grades, 31% or 23 students got enough grades and 27% or 20
students got less marks. The dominance of values in cycle 1 is 31% with sufficient value and 27% with less
value. The total percentage for very good and good is 42%. Researchers still consider that the value achieved
by students was not maximal. Thus the researcher decided to do the second cycle. The percentage of cycle is
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. The percentage of cycle 1
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3.3. Cycle 2
Cycle 2 is applied to the same class with four times meeting. The researcher has prepared lesson
plans that according to the results of the first cycle. The researcher thought that the students could arrange
the sentence but it was not a perfect sentences according to its structure and they have not pronounced it
correctly though. At the first meeting, researcher invited students to watch an English video with Indonesian
subtitles. Then in groups, the students retell the story one by one in front of the class using English.
In this first meeting, students began to be able to construct a sentence well, because the choice of words they
had became far more when watching videos. The researcher trained the students to chain the story through
subtitle video in the next second meeting. At the third and fourth meetings, researchers gave videos without
subtitles to students but still with the same genre, fairytale cartoons. Students can well retell the story in front
of the class in a chain. The students can retell the story because they remember the plot of the story.
The teacher gave them time to prepare the sentences. After cycle 2, the researcher carried out a post test to
see progress after applying the technique. A topic was given to the students then they should retell the story
in chain. The results of cycle 2 are in the following Table 3.
Table 3. Recapitulation results of cycle II
No. Category Range Value Frequency Percentage (%)
1. Very Good 85-100 35 47
2. Well 70-84 25 33
3. Enough 55-69 9 12
4. Less 0 – 54 6 8
Total 75 100 %
Based on the results of the first cycle, the researcher found that there were 47% or 35 students who
scored very well, 33% or 25 students got good grades, 12% or 9 students got enough grades and 8% or 6
students got less grades. The dominance of values in cycle 2 is 47% with very good grades and 33% with
good grades. The total score is very good and good in cycle 2 which is 80%. The percentage of cycle 2 is
shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. The percentage of cycle 2
3.4. The Effectiveness of Research
There is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good
and good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%. The comparison
between cycle 1 and 2 is shown in Figure 4
Figure 4. The comparison between cycle 1 and 2
42%
80%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Cycle 1 Cycle 2
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3.5. Interview
In this study, researchers also used interview to students to see students' perceptions of the
implementation of learning with chain story techniques. Based on the interview, the students were happy and
giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress they have done.
4. CONCLUSION
The purpose of this paper has been to tell the readers about the implementation of chain story
technique in Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City. Results of the study showed that: (1) Based
on the observation, the students are changed to be more brave and confident to speak English; (2) Based on
the test, there is a very significant change towards the positive, when compared to the value of very good and
good in cycle 1 which is 42% while in cycle 2 is 80%, so there is an increase of 38%; (3)Based on
the interview, the students were happy and giving the good responses about the treatment and the progress
they have done.This chain story technique was running well and match to the need of those students in
Imanuel YPK Vocational High School, Sorong City.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank to the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of
Indonesia, due to the funding of PDP 2018 for this work.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Lulu Jola Uktolseja is a lecturer of English Department, Victory University of Sorong.
She finished her magister education in Cendrawasih University of Jayapura. She is also the
active volunteer in SD YPK Klasaman 2 Sorong who has been teaching English for 6 years.
She has done several researcher in the term of English Education and linguistic.
Sherly Gaspersz is the Dean of Faculty Teacher Trainning and Education Science,
Victory University of Sorong. She is active in doing literature research. She is also active as
the Sunday school teacher.