Invasive species toto todor elena
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Invasive species are non-native plants and animals that can cause harm to the environment, economies, and human health. Their populations grow rapidly in new environments without natural controls. Examples discussed include the Canada goose and Canadian waterweed, both of which were introduced outside their native ranges and now outcompete other species. Invasive species are introduced both intentionally and accidentally by human activities, and their impacts can cost billions of dollars. Identification and removal efforts aim to control the spread of harmful invasive populations.
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Invasive species have caused major environmental and economic impacts in the United States. They have contributed to the endangerment or extinction of 49% of threatened species through competition for resources. Many invasive species were introduced accidentally through ballast water or deliberately for agriculture, recreation, or the pet trade and have spread widely. Individual actions like cleaning gear and draining water from boats can help limit the unintended transport of invasive species to new environments.
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The document discusses invasive species in Estonia. It provides examples of some invasive plant, animal, and marine species that have negatively impacted Estonia's environment, economy, and human health. These include the Indianmeal moth, Colorado potato beetle, American mink, Sosnowsky's hogweed, Portuguese slug, fishhook waterflea, and round goby. The document emphasizes that invasive species can rapidly spread and cause irreparable harm if not addressed.
Invasive species finished_epic
Non-native species that are introduced to areas outside of their natural habitat can have negative environmental, economic, and ecological impacts if they disrupt the native ecosystem. They may compete with native species for resources, prey on native species, spread diseases, or cause native species to decline or go extinct. Some invasive species that are discussed include the coypu which has damaged riverbanks in Italy, and the Asian tiger mosquito which can transmit diseases and displace other mosquito species. Efforts to prevent, control, and eradicate invasive species face challenges due to their ability to spread widely.
Martinezbeccabio102
The Callippe silverspot butterfly is endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation from urbanization. It originally existed in 14 populations in the San Francisco Bay Area but now only inhabits two areas. Further threats include intensive agriculture, grassland farming, and invasive plant species that outcompete its host plants. Pesticide use also severely impacts the larvae. Possible solutions involve protecting remaining habitat, removing invasive plants, and taking precautions to prevent pesticide drift.
Martinezbeccabio102
The Callippe silverspot butterfly is endangered, with populations only in the San Bruno Mountains and an Alameda County park. It requires specific habitat with violets, Johnny jump-ups, and hilltops to mate. Urbanization and agriculture destroyed over 80% of its habitat. Continued threats include invasive plants, pesticide drift, and lack of protected habitat. Potential solutions involve protecting remaining habitat, removing invasive plants, and using pesticide application best practices to prevent further endangerment.
Draper presentation on dark sky
The document discusses the impact of light pollution on wildlife. It states that artificial light can disrupt animals' internal timing and cause confusion and disorientation. It also describes how light pollution can cause birds to crash into structures or become distracted by light sources during migration. The document provides examples of how light pollution specifically affects sea turtles, migratory birds, nocturnal animals, and insects. It discusses some communities that have taken steps to control light pollution in order to benefit wildlife.
En danger and treatened
This document discusses endangered and threatened species in the Philippines. It outlines several major threats to biodiversity like habitat loss, introduction of invasive species, overhunting, climate change, and more. Certain characteristics make species more vulnerable to endangerment, like large size, specialized diets/habitats, low reproduction rates, and small population sizes. Endemic and rare species are at high risk due to limited distributions. The document reviews criteria used by IUCN to evaluate endangered species status and lists numbers of threatened species in the Philippines according to these criteria.
Ch 11 ed
The document provides an overview of biodiversity and species conservation. It defines biodiversity and describes the benefits it provides. Threats like habitat loss and overharvesting are reducing biodiversity and accelerating extinction rates. Laws like the Endangered Species Act regulate activities impacting endangered wildlife and require recovery plans, though implementation faces challenges from economic interests. Conservation efforts have achieved some successes but much work remains to preserve threatened species.
Endangered species presentation-
Extinct species of animals from India were discussed. Key extinct species included the Zanzibar leopard, Baiji river dolphin, and Indian cheetah. The main causes of extinction were loss of habitat due to human activities like agriculture, overhunting, and pollution. Conservation efforts in India and internationally include establishing marine protected areas and legislation to protect threatened wildlife. However, human factors continue to threaten biodiversity if not addressed.
C.3 impact of humans on ecosystems
1. Human activities can negatively impact ecosystem function by introducing invasive alien species, polluting the environment, and accumulating plastic debris.
2. Case studies show how invasive cane toads in Australia and zebra mussels in North America outcompeted native species. Pollutants like DDT biomagnify up food chains and accumulate in top predators, thinning bird eggshells.
3. Large amounts of plastic debris, especially microplastics consumed by zooplankton, harm marine environments. A study found 40% of Laysan albatross chicks died from ingesting plastic trash mistook for food.
anthropogenicextinction-190809015258 (2).pdf
Human activities such as increased population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are reducing biodiversity and causing species extinction. Habitat fragmentation and introducing foreign species that outcompete native species also negatively impact biodiversity. Specific human factors driving biodiversity decline include deforestation in the Philippines, bottom trawling fishing techniques that damage ocean habitats, and pesticide pollution that weakens predatory bird populations.
Anthropogenic Extinction
Human activities such as increased population, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are reducing biodiversity and causing species extinction. Habitat fragmentation and introducing foreign species that outcompete native species also negatively impact biodiversity. Specific human factors driving biodiversity decline mentioned in the document include deforestation in the Philippines, bottom trawling fishing techniques that damage ocean habitats, and pesticide pollution affecting predatory bird populations.
overfishing 10-8 2011
The document discusses the issue of overfishing and its negative impacts. It defines overfishing as catching fish faster than populations can replenish. While the world's oceans could theoretically support four planets' worth of fish, many species have become reduced or extinct due to overfishing. The document also examines fishing down the food chain, bycatch, bottom trawling, and how both overfishing and government subsidies of the fishing industry can harm marine ecosystems.
Bio 100 Chapter 40
This chapter outline discusses key topics in conservation biology including:
1) The goals of conservation biology are to conserve natural resources for current and future generations and support biodiversity by reducing species extinctions.
2) There is high biodiversity on Earth between 10-50 million species, but nearly 1,200 in the US and 40,000 worldwide are endangered.
3) Conserving genetic, ecosystem, and landscape diversity helps preserve species and ecosystems.
Invaders
Some invasive species do not come from across the ocean. They may also come from other areas of our own lands. New pests can arrive in North Carolina in a number of ways, including through infested or infected nursery plants, wood packaging material, and even firewood
Extinction of biodiversity
The document discusses extinction and biodiversity loss. It defines extinction as occurring when the last member of a species dies. The passenger pigeon is provided as an example, with the last one dying alone in a zoo in 1914 after the species was already functionally extinct in the wild. Major causes of extinction discussed include habitat degradation and destruction from human activities like pollution, climate change, and overpopulation. Statistics are given on current extinction rates from human impacts being 1500 times the natural rate, with many species projected to be lost in the coming centuries if trends continue. The major impacts of biodiversity loss on human concerns like medicine, agriculture, ecosystem services, and moral obligations are also briefly touched on.
Biomagnification 10-2
Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a pollutant at a rate greater than it can eliminate it, resulting in increasing concentrations of the pollutant in the organism's body over time. Biomagnification occurs when concentrations of a pollutant increase at each trophic level in a food chain. Certain substances like mercury, DDT, and radioactive materials are prone to bioaccumulation and biomagnification due to their ability to dissolve in fats and persist in the environment. A classic example is the buildup of DDT in birds of prey in North America in the 1960s which impaired reproduction.
REPORT ON SPECIES EXTINCTION.docx
Scientists predict more than 1 million species are at risk of extinction in the coming decades due to human activity causing global environmental change. Major threats include overexploitation of natural resources, habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, and climate change. Examples are given of endangered species in India such as the one-horned rhinoceros, Nilgiri tahr, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, red panda, and blackbuck. Ways to help protect species include visiting protected areas, reducing waste, not purchasing endangered species products, donating to conservation organizations, growing native plants, and educating others.
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2011 10-5 - air pollution
The document discusses various sources and effects of air pollution. It focuses on nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ground-level ozone, and particulate matter as major air pollutants. Sources discussed include transportation, industry, power plants, and residential heating. Effects on both human health and the environment are outlined, such as respiratory illnesses, acid rain, smog, and global warming. The document then examines specific issues related to air pollution in Bulgaria and Mexico City, and provides recommendations for reducing air pollution through alternatives to automobiles, cleaner fuels and technologies, better city planning, and individual lifestyle changes.
2011 10.5 overfishing
Overfishing has led to unsustainable depletion of global fish stocks, with 52% of stocks fully exploited, 20% overexploited, and 7% depleted. If overfishing continues at current rates, fish populations will further decline and collapse is expected by 2050, disrupting marine ecosystems and harming economies and food security. Specific concerns include declining tuna populations, with the Mediterranean bluefin tuna facing imminent extinction without fishing reductions.
2011 10 5 dams.ppt
Dams have several ecological impacts. They block sediment and change water flows, damaging fish habitats and interrupting lifecycles. Sediment builds up behind dams, increasing flood risks. Cleared water lacks nutrients and cover for downstream organisms. Stagnant water breeds diseases. Dams displace many people and change flooding patterns vital to agriculture. Major dams like China's Three Gorges and Egypt's Aswan dams displaced over 1 million and 60,000 people respectively.
Vitanova kirilov dimitrov 10 5 eutrophication
Eutrophication refers to an increase in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in an aquatic ecosystem. This stimulates an overgrowth of algae known as algal blooms. The main sources of these excess nutrients are fertilizers and sewage from human activities. Algal blooms can deplete oxygen levels and block sunlight, harming other species and reducing biodiversity. Examples of eutrophication include the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Mexico "dead zone". Solutions involve reducing nutrient runoff from agriculture and improving waste water treatment.
Corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4
Air pollution is defined as gases, dust, smells, and fumes in harmful amounts that are released into the air. Major causes include factories, increased population, and burning fossil fuels. Examples are acid rain, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Effects are damage to health, environment, and visibility. Solutions proposed include tighter emissions standards, cleaner fuels, and increased public transportation to address traffic as a significant source of pollution especially in cities like Mexico City.
Kolev gergov minkovski_10-3_eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients, usually nitrogen and phosphorus, that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. It can occur naturally or be accelerated by human activities such as agriculture and development. When eutrophication is accelerated by human activities, it can negatively impact the balance of organisms in the body of water and potentially lead to algal blooms and fish kills due to low oxygen levels. Managing eutrophication involves reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and erosion.
Ch 55 ecosystems
The document summarizes key topics in ecosystems, including:
1) Ecosystems are defined as the sum of all organisms in an area and the abiotic factors they interact with. Energy flows and matter cycles through ecosystems.
2) Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs. Net primary production (NPP) is the amount remaining after respiration. NPP determines the base of the food chain.
3) Pyramids illustrate the transfer of numbers, biomass, and energy between trophic levels, with typically only 10% passing to each higher level.
Eutrophication teddy, veli, alex kanov
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induces excessive growth of algae. This excess algae growth eventually dies and decomposes, consuming oxygen and releasing toxins. As a result, oxygen levels in the water decrease and some aquatic life may die, creating "dead zones". Two major examples discussed are the Gulf of Mexico dead zone caused by fertilizer runoff from farming, and the Baltic Sea dead zone exacerbated by agricultural and municipal waste. Reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and wastewater is necessary to prevent further eutrophication.
Ecological impacts of dams & water diversions
Dams and water diversions can have both positive and negative ecological impacts. Positively, dams provide benefits like hydropower, irrigation, flood control and more. However, they can also harm wildlife such as disrupting fish migration and reducing sediments downstream. This impacts wetland species and water quality. Dams may also cause erosion of downstream areas and change water temperature, flow and salinity levels. Large dam projects have additionally displaced many people from their homes. Examples highlighted are the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River.
Biomagnification & bioaccumulation_2
Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances in an organism that are at higher concentrations than in the environment. Substances more likely to bioaccumulate are hydrophobic, not easily biodegraded, and can bind to fat tissues. Biomagnification occurs across trophic levels as predators accumulate higher concentrations than their prey. Certain persistent organic pollutants and metals like mercury are prone to biomagnification up the food chain. Both processes can lead to toxic effects, especially in top predators like polar bears and humans who face greater risks from consuming biomagnified pollutants in food over time.
Air pollution katya and stoyan
The document discusses various types of air pollution including ground-level ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. It provides examples of severe air pollution issues in Norilsk, Russia and London, England. Causes, health effects, and some solutions are described for each type of pollution.
Overfishing by yuliya_miryana_bedros
Overfishing has led to declines in fish populations and damaged ocean ecosystems. Early overfishing in the 1800s depleted whale populations for oil. After WWII, efforts to increase protein availability quadrupled fishing capacity. Today the annual global fish catch exceeds 120 million tons, though overfishing is reducing populations of many species. Destructive fishing methods like bottom trawling damage coral reefs and seafloor habitats. Bycatch and discarded catch also contribute to declining fish and other marine species. No-take zones that prohibit all fishing have helped restore some ecosystems and fish populations.
Eutrophication1
Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus entering water bodies from sources like agricultural and urban runoff. This causes harmful algae blooms which can reduce oxygen levels and kill fish and aquatic life. Two examples are the hypoxic "Dead Zone" in the Gulf of Mexico caused by Mississippi River runoff and a large "Dead Zone" in the Baltic Sea from Swedish and Finnish fertilizer use. Preventing eutrophication requires reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and sewage as well as planting vegetation to absorb excess nutrients.
Ecological impacts of dams and water diversions
Dams impact rivers and their ecosystems in several ways. They block migratory fish from accessing spawning habitats upstream, as fish ladders are often ineffective. This disrupts fish life cycles and populations. Dams also alter sediment and water flow, affecting water quality, aquatic habitats, and nutrient levels downstream. Large dams significantly change river landscapes and environments, sometimes flooding important habitats and destroying cultural heritage sites.
Biomagnification victoria,sylvia,violetta
The document discusses biomagnification and bioaccumulation of pollutants in food chains. Biomagnification occurs when pollutant concentrations increase at higher trophic levels, such as when predators accumulate larger amounts of pollutants found in their prey. Common pollutants that biomagnify include pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and mercury. These pollutants can harm organisms and biomagnify up food chains to negatively impact human health. The document provides examples of biomagnification for various pollutants like PCBs and mercury.
Air pollution
This document discusses air pollution in Bulgaria and its causes and effects. It notes that air pollution is worse now due to industrial development, motor vehicles, and population growth. The main sources of air pollutants in Bulgaria are old vehicles without catalytic converters, coal burning for heating, and industries like steel production. The document also examines air pollution measures in Mexico City and its geographical factors contributing to pollution problems from vehicles, power plants, and industry.
Overfishing karina nina_ivoslav_10-7[1]
The document discusses the problem of overfishing and its negative impacts. It notes that fishing rates currently exceed fish reproduction rates, and that overfishing has led to a decline in fish populations and sizes. Certain destructive fishing methods like bottom trawling and gillnetting contribute significantly to bycatch and damage fish habitats. Examples are provided of overfished areas like the cod fisheries in Newfoundland and bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean. Proposed solutions mentioned include establishing no-take marine zones and restricting fishing during fish reproduction seasons.
Tina ecology dams
Dams have several ecological impacts:
1. They can spread diseases by creating habitats for disease-carrying animals like mosquitoes and snails.
2. They often require resettlement of nearby populations, disrupting communities and livelihoods.
3. Dams block sediment flow and damage aquatic ecosystems downstream by preventing nutrient transport.
Overfishing
The document discusses several issues with overfishing, including depleting fish populations, discarding unwanted catch, and bottom trawling damaging seafloor habitats. It provides examples of overfishing causing the cod population collapse in Canada in 1992, which resulted in economic crisis and job losses. Additionally, it discusses threats from shark finning and issues with aquaculture. Solutions proposed include creating no-take zones to help species regenerate and moving to more sustainable aquaculture practices.
Eutrophication10 6
Eutrophication is a process where a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induces excessive growth of algae. This can result in algal blooms which reduce oxygen in the water by decomposing and can release toxins. Sources of eutrophication include phosphorus and nitrogen from fertilizers and sewage runoff. Long-term eutrophication has damaged ecosystems by decreasing biodiversity and increasing toxicity. Prevention efforts include regulating agricultural runoff and creating buffer zones while cleanup methods involve filtering pollutants.
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