Invaders threaten europe
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Three groups invaded the Carolingian Empire between 700-800 CE: seafaring Scandinavian invaders called Vikings; Germanic peoples also called Norsemen; and nomadic horsemen from the East called Magyars. In 911 CE, the Viking ruler Rollo and the Frankish ruler Charles the Simple signed an agreement granting Rollo land in Normandy in exchange for his loyalty, establishing the foundation of feudalism. By the mid-900s, the German king Otto the Great had become a new defender of Christendom against invaders, following in Charlemagne's footsteps to become Holy Roman Emperor.
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Germanic tribes began migrating into Roman territory in the 3rd century. By the 5th century, the Visigoths controlled Spain and Italy while the Ostrogoths took control of Italy. By 500, the Western Roman Empire fragmented into kingdoms ruled by Germanic kings. The Franks, led by Clovis, were the most successful and established the Frankish kingdom after Clovis converted to Christianity following a pivotal battle. In the 600s-700s, Charles Martel and Charlemagne rose to power as strong, intelligent leaders who supported learning and Christianity, reigniting interest in classical works through the Carolingian Renaissance.
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Art of the Christian Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages
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This document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449-1066 AD. It summarizes the key events including the Celtic occupation prior to the Romans, the Roman occupation from 55 BC to 409 AD, the Anglo-Saxon invasion starting in 449 AD which pushed the Celts into the western parts of the country. It also discusses the Viking invasions starting in the 8th century, King Alfred the Great's unification of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes in the 9th century, the spread of Christianity between 400-699 AD, and the Norman invasion in 1066 AD which replaced English with French as the language of the ruling class. The document concludes by introducing the
Pre-Modern European Migrations the Vikings and Muslims Part 2 - By Dr. Lizabe...
Pre-Modern European Migrations the Vikings and Muslims Part 2 - By Dr. Lizabe...UNM Continuing Education
Much of the history of pre-modern European society was shaped by the migration of various groups of peoples into and across the European landscape. The Celts moved from their homeland in Central Europe and settled throughout much of Western Europe, bringing their language and culture with them. The Romans were yet another migrant group, and undoubtedly one of the most culturally impactful groups because they enforced their political, legal, and religious customs in the territories they settled. Similarly, the German-speaking tribes who moved into Roman territory as the Roman Empire fell; the Vikings, who emerged from Scandinavia in the late 8th century CE and settled throughout much of Western Europe; and Muslim peoples, who emerged from the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-7th century CE and settled in Spain and Sicily, had a significant influence on the formation of early European culture. We'll examine all of these groups and their impact on the history and culture of Western Europe in the pre-modern period.Presentation on-anglo-saxon-period
This document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxon era in Britain from 449-1066 CE. It discusses the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain after the Romans left, the conversion to Christianity, the influence of the Vikings, and the eventual Norman conquest in 1066. Key aspects of Anglo-Saxon society, religion, language, and literature are summarized, including the pagan beliefs that influenced the names of the days of the week and the transition to Christianity. Famous works of Anglo-Saxon literature mentioned include Beowulf and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
Ch16 Europe after the fall of rome
Early medieval art in Europe between 400-1400 AD saw the decline of the Roman Empire and rise of new powers like the Huns, Vandals, Franks and Goths. Art during this period was used mainly to display status and wealth, as seen in artifacts like belt buckles, weapons and jewelry found in burials. Significant works included the elaborate ship burial at Sutton Hoo in England, decorated with gold and gems, and the carved animal head posts on Viking ships. Hiberno-Saxon art from the British Isles combined Celtic and Anglo-Saxon styles in illuminated gospel books featuring intricate patterns and carpet pages. Carolingian art revived classical Roman styles under Charlemagne in the 9th century, seen
Introduction to the Middle Ages
The document summarizes the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of the Middle Ages in Europe. It describes how the Roman Empire declined due to invasions from barbarian tribes starting in the 3rd century. By the 5th century, Rome had been sacked multiple times and the Western Roman Empire collapsed, while the Eastern Empire continued on from Constantinople. The Middle Ages saw the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity and Islam, conflicts like the Viking invasions and Crusades, and developments in architecture like castles and manors. Life was difficult, especially for serfs, during this turbulent transitional period.
Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066 AD. This was a time of invasion and settlement, as Germanic tribes from mainland Europe, including the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, migrated to Britain and established kingdoms after the withdrawal of the Roman legions in the early 5th century. The Anglo-Saxons introduced their language and culture, and Britain was gradually converted to Christianity over the course of the period. Various outside threats challenged Anglo-Saxon rule at different points, including the Vikings from the late 8th century and the Norman conquest of 1066, which marked the end of the Anglo-Saxon era.
The settlement of Great Britain and the conquest of America
The settlement of Great Britain and conquest of America involved successive invasions and migrations over many centuries. The document outlines the Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Norman invasions and settlements of Britain between 500 BC to 1485 AD. It then discusses the Age of Exploration led by figures like Columbus, Vespucci, and Cabot which resulted in the European discovery and colonization of the Americas between the 15th to 17th centuries. Major powers like Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England established colonies in North America during this period to exploit resources and expand their global influence.
FROM CELTS TO NORMANS
The document summarizes the history of Britain from the Celts to the Normans in 10 sections. It describes the successive invasions and settlements of the Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It details the society, economy, and religion of the Celts. It also discusses the Christianization of England starting in the 6th century, the rule of Alfred the Great and his efforts to unite England, and the last Anglo-Saxon kings before the Norman invasion in 1066.
from_celts_to_normans
The document summarizes the history of Britain from the Celtic invasions starting around 700 BC through the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. It discusses the various groups that invaded and settled in Britain over this period, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It describes their societies, economies, and influence on British culture and politics. The last invaders were the Normans from France, who conquered England under William in 1066, bringing feudalism and permanently changing the course of British history.
Anglo saxon period 09
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066. During this time, various groups invaded and settled in Britain, including Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Vikings. Anglo-Saxon society was organized into kingdoms ruled by kings. They were farmers, craftspeople, and warriors who valued bravery and loyalty. Their culture included oral poetry and pagan beliefs until the arrival of Christianity in the 6th century. The Vikings launched raids starting in the 9th century, occupying parts of England until King Alfred resisted further expansion in the late 9th century. Ultimately, the Norman conquest in 1066 marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule.
Chapter 14 Early Medieval Art In Europe
The document provides an overview of key concepts in early medieval art from the 5th to 10th centuries CE. It discusses the transition to bound books and illuminated manuscripts during this period. It also summarizes Charlemagne's attempts to revive the arts and establish a Christian culture, as well as the influence of interlace decoration. The summary then covers three periods: the pagan years following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, characterized by animal style art; the Carolingian period under Charlemagne and the development of monastic architecture and manuscript illumination; and the Ottonian periods, when three German emperors reunited Europe under Christian rule.
Chapter 5 germanic tribes
The document provides information on Germanic and early medieval literature and culture. It discusses how the Germanic tribes differed from Rome in being nomadic peoples where fighting was a way of life. It then summarizes some of the key literary works that emerged from the Anglo-Saxons, Burgundian tribes, Franks, and others. It also outlines the rise of feudalism and knighthood after Charlemagne's empire declined and the role of monasteries in preserving knowledge through illuminated manuscripts.
Ch 14 ARH
The Carolingians, led by Charlemagne, united much of Western Europe in the 8th-9th centuries. They revived elements of Roman imperial culture and promoted Christianity, establishing monasteries that produced illuminated manuscripts. The Ottonians inherited the eastern portion of the Carolingian Empire and their ruler Otto I was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962, dominating the papacy. During this period, artwork had influences from Roman, Hiberno-Saxon, and Byzantine styles and served to promote Christianity through new forms like the Gero Crucifix that depicted Christ in a more naturalistic way.
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Erikson's psychosocial development theory describes growth through 8 stages focusing on social interactions and conflicts. Behavioral theories view development as shaped by environmental influences and learning through reinforcement. The 4 main domains of child development are communication, physical, social/emotional, and cognitive, and development progresses through milestones and characteristics in each stage.
42-4Inadequacy.pptx
Children may misbehave when feeling inadequate or not good enough about themselves. They may withdraw from tasks or activities to cope with these uncomfortable feelings. When children feel inadequate, they may feel unworthy or inferior to others. As a result, children sometimes act out by withdrawing, having a pessimistic attitude, or putting themselves down, as they lack the tools to properly communicate these feelings. Parents can help by being responsive to their children's emotional needs, spending quality time focusing on them, expressing love through words and actions, and reminding children that they are special and loved.
053# SAMR MODEL.pptx
The SAMR model created by Dr. Ruben Puentedura categorizes ways that technology can be used in education into four levels: substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition. Substitution involves using technology for similar tasks as traditional approaches without functional change, such as writing essays in WordPress instead of by hand. Augmentation includes some functional improvement, such as adding interactive comments to an e-book. At higher levels, modification and redefinition use technology to allow new tasks like collaborating or communicating in new ways that were not possible without technology. The SAMR model helps educators evaluate how technology integrates with pedagogy.
049# Passive Learning.pptx
Passive learning is a method where the learner receives information without direct interaction with an instructor, such as through reading textbooks, watching videos, or attending seminars. It improves writing, listening, organizational, and analytical skills. In contrast, active learning involves more engagement with the material, such as writing blogs or essays analyzing information, explaining videos, or preparing presentations on lectures.
051#Scaffolding.pptx
Scaffolding is a teaching method where students learn with the help of teachers or more advanced peers to achieve learning goals beyond what they could do independently. The theory behind scaffolding is that students learn more through collaboration with others who have a wider range of skills and knowledge. Scaffolding helps students expand their learning within their Zone of Proximal Development, which is the set of skills they can perform with assistance that are just above their current ability level.
047# The Peter Principle.pptx
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050# Peer Observation.pptx
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056#Types of Assessment.pptx
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Children may misbehave as a way to seek power and control when they feel like they don't have any. Misbehaviors like screaming "no", refusing to comply, or throwing tantrums are ways for children to exert the control they desire. Rather than fighting with children over control, it is better to give them appropriate ways to feel powerful by allowing choices over small decisions and activities. Giving children a sense of power and control in constructive ways can help avoid power struggles and misbehaviors.
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45#Skinner’s Behaviourist Theory.pptx
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44-Roger’s Humanist Theory.pptx
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042#Dreiker’s Classroom Management Theory.pptx
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041#Thorndike’s Major Laws.pptx
Thorndike proposed three major laws of learning: 1) The law of effect states that behaviors followed by pleasant consequences will be repeated while unpleasant consequences will be avoided, meaning teaching must be interesting to encourage learning. 2) The law of exercise, also known as the law of use and disuse, suggests that connections are strengthened with practice but weakened without practice. 3) The law of readiness proposes that learning cannot occur unless the student is prepared and ready, requiring an aroused action tendency through preparatory adjustment or attitude.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Invaders threaten europe
- 1. NEW INVADERSTHREATENWESTERN EUROPE BETWEEN 700-800 CE –THREEGROUPS INVADEDTHE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE Seafaring Scandinavian Invaders came to Europe from the North Germanic People of Europe gave the New Invaders this name By the late 800’s these same Invaders had also attacked this region The Invaders entered Italy and Spain from Northern Africa Between the late 600’s to the 700’s their plan was to Conquer & Settle Superb Nomadic Horsemen from the East attacked across the Danube VIKINGS NORSEMEN (NORTHMEN) MAGYARS WESTERN EUROPE MUSLIM MOORS WESTERN EUROPE
- 2. NEW INVADERSTHREATENWESTERN EUROPE IN 911 CE –TWO FORMER ENEMIES MET & CREATED AN IMPORTANTAGREEMENT VIKING RULER FRANKISH RULER THIS AGREEMENT BECAMETHE FOUNDATION OF A NEW SOCIALCLASS SYSTEM PLEDGED GRANTED LAND (Normandy) LOYALTY (& Service) FEUDALISM KING ROLLO (Robert the First) KING CHARLES (The Simple)
- 3. NEW INVADERSTHREATENWESTERN EUROPE BYTHE MID 900’s, A GERMAN KING BECAME CHRISTENDOM’S NEW DEFENDER He Followed in Charlemagne’s Footsteps to Become Emperor OTTO the GREAT
- 4. GREATVIKING INVADERS Three Great Rivers brought Slavic People to Eastern Europe 1. Dnieper 2. Don 3. Volga Small Bands of Adventurers came to live among the Slavs (The Rus) VIKINGS Their Primary way of Life FARMING andTRADING
- 5. GREATVIKING INVADERS Russian Princess Converted to Christianity This Russian Nobleman InitiatedTrade with the Byzantines Russian Ruler makes Christianity the key Russian Religions The Slavs invited a StrongViking Leader to become their King Around 862 CE KING RURIK Around 880 CE PRINCE OLEG Around 957 CE 980 - 989 CE PRINCE VLADIMIR PRINCESS OLGA
- 6. GREATVIKING INVADERS Russian Ruler led Kiev to Greatness as the Russian Capitol Slavic and Greco-RomanTraditions combined to create the Russian Culture Beginning in 1019 CE YAROSLAV theWISE ECONOMIC: ALLIANCES: JUDICIAL: EDUCATIONAL: RELIGIOUS: Trade with the Byzantines Royal Marriages Adopted Justinian Code Library of Kiev Russian Orthodox (Christianity)
- 7. VIKING SHIPS • LONGBOATS • DRAGONSHIPS • STRONG & LIGHWEIGHT • SLEEK with SQUARE SAILS
- 8. VIKING HOMES • LONGHOUSES MATERIALS • Wood • Stone • Thatch
- 9. VIKING EXPLORERS • BJARNI HERFOLFSSON • LEIF ERIKSSON
- 10. VIKING SETTLERS (What were they called?) • Normans • Rus (Red Beards)
- 11. VIKING SETTLEMENT (LOCATIONS) • NORMANDY • RUSSIA • BRITTANY
- 12. VIKING RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES • POLYTHEISTIC • VALHALLA CONVERTEDTO: CHRISTIANITY
- 13. VIKING SOCIAL HIERARCHY • KINGS • TRIBAL CHIEFS or EARLS • VIKING FREEDMEN (Farmers &Warriors) • SERVANTS & SLAVES (Vikings & Foreigners)
- 14. VIKINGTRADE • SILVER • SILK • SPICES • WINE • GLASS • WOOL • TIN
- 15. OTTOTHE GREAT 955 CEVictory951 CE Invasion942 CEVictory HIS PRIMARY GOALHE ENCOURAGED Military Expansion Colonization Missionary Activities Restore Kingship similar to the style of Charlemagne He Defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld (August 10th, 955) He Invaded the Italian Peninsula and Declared Himself King He Replaced Rebellious Dukes with his own Relatives
- 16. OTTOTHE GREAT He Imposed a New Papal Rule His Policies Lasted Until He was Crowned in 962 CE HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR No Pope could be Elected without the approval of the Holy Roman Emperor 1056 CE (The Great Schism)