The document provides an introduction to mainframe computers, including their history and significance. It defines a mainframe as a large computer system that businesses use to host commercial databases and applications requiring high security and availability. Mainframes are designed to support thousands of users and input/output devices simultaneously through centralized control of resources and clustering technologies. They can process large workloads like batch jobs and online transactions concurrently.
All types of computer including general and special purpose, Analog,digital, hybrid, microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
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Basic training on computer and internet for all age group. Now learn computer and internet on your own and surprise your loved ones! :)
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All types of computer including general and special purpose, Analog,digital, hybrid, microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
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Basic training on computer and internet for all age group. Now learn computer and internet on your own and surprise your loved ones! :)
Youtube Link: https://youtu.be/MPh4tXyo_ZA
https://youtu.be/k6qjP1arNIA
Lets Just Go For It! Wish you an Awesome Leaning Experience.
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- IBM Z13 - The new possible
- Cloud and Service Management on IBM Z System
- Big data and Analytics on IBM Z System
- Mobile Challenge with IBM Z System
- DevOps on IBM Z System
- Security on IBM Z System
computer application in hospitality Industry, periyar university unit 1admin information
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in this power point periyar university bsc hotel management 1st year students com computer applicationin hospitality Industry-1 sylabus 1st unit topic is there
PC (Personal Computer)
A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual
user. PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an
entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal
computers for word processing, accounting,
desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet
and database management applications. At home,
the most popular use for personal computers is
playing games and surfing the Internet.
Workstation:
Workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing,
software development, and other such types of applications which require a moderate amount
of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.
Minicomputer
It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of supporting up to 250 users simultaneously.
Mainframe
Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds
or even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently
and supports many simultaneous execution of programs.
Supercomputer
Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are
very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amount
of mathematical calculations (number crunching).
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Â
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Â
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Â
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
Â
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder â active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
Â
đĽ Speed, accuracy, and scaling â discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Miningâ˘:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing â with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs â GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
đ¨âđŤ Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
đŠâđŤ Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Â
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as âpredictable inferenceâ.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
Â
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an âinfrastructure container kubernetes guyâ, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefitâs both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Â
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overviewâ
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
Â
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
⢠The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
⢠Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
⢠Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
⢠Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Â
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projectsâ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, youâre in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part âEssentials of Automationâ series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Hereâs what youâll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
Weâll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Donât miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Â
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Â
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Â
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
3. 33
What is a computer?
⢠A computer is a digital device which can be programmed
to change (process) information from one form to another.
â Do exactly as they are told.
â Digital devices: Understand only two different states
(OFF and ON - 0 and 1)
4. 44
Traditional Types of Computers
⢠General purpose computers
âSuper computer
âMainframe
âPersonal Computer
5. 5
What is a mainframe ?
⢠A mainframe is what businesses use to host their
commercial databases, transaction servers, and
applications that require a greater degree of security
and availability than is commonly found on smaller-scale
machines.
6. 6
What is a mainframe? (ContâŚ)
ďCompatibility with operating systems, applications
and data
ďCentralized control of resources
ďHW and operating systems share disk access
ďA STYLE of operation
ďThousands of simultaneous I/O operations
ďClustering technologies
ďAdditional data and resource sharing capabilities
7. What are Mainframe operating systems ?
⢠Mainframe = Computer that can support
thousands of applications and I/O devices to
simultaneously serve thousands of users
⢠Most mainframe computers are sold by IBM,
and the operating systems are also
provided by IBM
⢠z/OS, is IBMâs foremost mainframe
operating system
7
8. Why Mainframes ?
⢠The most important features the mainframe provides
include:
⢠Encrypt sensitive data as it crosses the network
⢠Protect encryption keys
⢠Provide well-known security configurations that achieve or
surpass the industry standard
8
9. History:
IBM 709 Mainframe Computer
This model was in use at Yale in 1963,
located in the Watson building on
Sachem St, now part of SOM
IBMâs last vacuum tube computer,
produced from 1957 until 1960
10. History:
⢠Mainframe history In 1950s , mainframe computers were
physically the largest computers; few businesses could
afford them
⢠In the 1960s , with standardized mainframe customers
could write business applications that didnât need
specialized hardware or software
⢠In 1964 , the introduction of the IBM System/360 (or
S/360â˘) signalled the start of the 3G :
⢠first general purpose computers
10
14. IBM Card Punch of the type used for data entry
with the Libraryâs Machine Aided Technical
Processing System (MATPS), managed for many
years by Suzanna Lengyel
15. 15
Traditional Types of Computers:
⢠First computers, introduced in 1950s
⢠Used by large businesses
⢠Typically supported thousands of users
⢠Very expensive
⢠Used for very large processing tasks
⢠IBMâs new Mainframe
â http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LN4J4mClckA
⢠Mainframe
Computers
16. Evolving architecture
ď More and faster processors
ď More physical memory and greater virtual memory addressing
capability
ď Dynamic capabilities for upgrading HW and SW
ď Enhanced I/O devices and more and faster paths (channels)
ď Sophisticated I/O attachments
ď Increased ability to divide resources into multiple, logically
independent and isolated systems, each running its own operating
system.
ď Enhanced clustering technologies (e.g. Parallel Sysplex)
Architecture describes the organizational structure of
a system
17. 17
Typical mainframe workloads
Batch job
Application Program
Output Data
Application Program
Input
Data
Process data to
perform a
particular task
Online (real time) transaction
Query
Reply
Access shared
data on behalf of
online user
18. 18
Significance objectives
⢠Be able to:
â Explain why business data resides on
mainframe
â List typical uses of mainframes
â Describe the benefits of mainframe
computing
â Outline the major types of workloads for
which mainframes are best suited
19. 19
Mainframe facts
⢠Mainframes in our midst
â Hidden from the public eye
⢠Who uses mainframes?
â Most Fortune 1000 companies use a mainframe
environment
â 60% of all data available on the Internet is stored on
mainframe computers
⢠Why mainframes?
â Large-scale transaction processing
⢠Thousands of transactions per second
â Support thousands of users and application programs
â Simultaneously accessing resources
â Terabytes of information in databases
â Large-bandwidth communications
20. 20
Factors contributing to mainframe use
ďCapacity
ďScalability
ďIntegrity and Security
ďAvailability
ďAccess to large amounts of data
ďSystems management
ďAutonomic capabilities
21. 21
Typical batch use
Disk Storage
databases
Tape Storage
Sequential
data sets
Partners
and clients
exchange
information
Reports
Backups
Data
update
Reports
Statistics,
summaries,
exceptions
Residence
Main
office
Branch offices
Account balances
bills, etc
Processing
reports
Mainframe
Processing batch jobs
44
55
Reports
22
1010
11
88
66
33
CREDIT CARD
1234 5678 90121234 5678 9012
VALID FROM GOOD THRU
XX/XX/XX XX/XX/XX
PAUL FISCHER
XX/XX/XX XX/XX/XX
PAUL FISCHER
77
99
System
Operator
Production
Control
23. 23
Summary
⢠The New Mainframe:
â Plays a central role in the daily operations of the worldâs
largest organizations â and the daily lives of most
people.
â Is known for its reliability, security, and enormous
processing capabilities.
â Is designed for processing large scale workloads and
serving thousands of users and transactions
concurrently.
â Is managed by highly skilled technical support staff.
â Runs a variety of operating systems.
24. Key terms
â Architecture
â Batch Processing
â Compatibility
â Data integrity
â High Availability
â IBM System z
â Infrastructure
⢠Mainframe
⢠Online transaction
processing (OLTP)
⢠Punched card
⢠RAS
⢠Scalability
⢠Security
Editor's Notes
Despite the predominance of mainframes in the business world, these machines are
largely invisible to the general public, the academic community, and indeed many
experienced IT professionals. Instead, other forms of computing attract more attention, at
least in terms of visibility and public awareness. That this is so is perhaps not surprising.
After all, who among us needs direct access to a mainframe? And, if we did, where
would we find one to access? In truth, we are all mainframe users, whether we realize it
or not.
Today, computer manufacturers donât always use the
term mainframe to refer to mainframes. Instead, most have taken to calling any
commercial-use computerâlarge or smallâa server, with the mainframe simply being
the largest type of server in use today. IBM, for example, now refers to its mainframes as
zSeries servers. We use the term mainframe in this textbook to refer to computers that
can support dozens of applications and input/output devices to simultaneously serve
thousands of users.
The presence of a mainframe often implies a centralized form of computing, rather than a
distributed form of computing. Having data centralized in a single mainframe repository
saves customers from having to manage updates to more than one copy of their business
data, and increases the likelihood that the data is current.
The first computer that Fred used, programming in Fortran
Today, computer manufacturers donât always use the
term mainframe to refer to mainframes. Instead, most have taken to calling any
commercial-use computerâlarge or smallâa server, with the mainframe simply being
the largest type of server in use today. IBM, for example, now refers to its mainframes as
zSeries servers. We use the term mainframe in this textbook to refer to computers that
can support dozens of applications and input/output devices to simultaneously serve
thousands of users.
The presence of a mainframe often implies a centralized form of computing, rather than a
distributed form of computing. Having data centralized in a single mainframe repository
saves customers from having to manage updates to more than one copy of their business
data, and increases the likelihood that the data is current.
A batch job is submitted on the computer,
reads and processes data in bulk, and produces output. A batch job can last for hours.
While batch processing is possible on distributed systems, it is not as commonplace as on
mainframes because distributed systems often lack:
Sufficient data storage
Available processor capacity or cycles
Sysplex-wide management of system resources and job scheduling.
Mainframes serve a vast number of online transaction processing (OLTP) systems.
These are often mission-critical applications that businesses depend on for their core
functions. Some industry uses of online systems:
Banks â ATMs, teller systems for customer service
Insurance â Agent systems for policy management and claims processing
Travel and transport â Airline reservation systems
Manufacturing â Inventory control, production scheduling
Government â Tax processing, license issuance and management.
Reliability Involves the use of high-quality hardware and software components,
and extensive self-checking and self-recovery by hardware
components.
Availability The ability of hardware to detect and automatically replace failing
hardware elements, and for system software to detect, isolate, and
recover failing software components.
Serviceability Through well-defined units of replacement, the hardware and software
can often be non-disruptively serviced or upgraded, with little or no
impact to the operational system.
A secure computer system prevents users from accessing or changing any objects on the
system, including user data, except through system-provided interfaces that enforce
authority rules. Mainframe computers can provide a very secure system for processing
large numbers of heterogeneous applications that access critical data.
By scalability we mean the ability of the hardware, software, or a distributed system to
continue to function well as it is changed in size or volume; for example, the ability to
retain performance levels when adding processors, memory, and storage.
The need to support applications of varying ages imposes a strict compatibility demand
on mainframe hardware and software, which have been upgraded many times since the
first System/360 mainframe computer was shipped in 1964. Applications must continue
to work properly. Thus, much of the design work for new hardware and system software
revolves around this compatibility requirement.
Each new generation of mainframes has added improvements in one or more of the following
areas:
More and faster processors
More physical memory and greater memory addressing capability
Dynamic capabilities for upgrading both hardware and software
More sophisticated automated hardware error checking and recovery
Enhanced devices for input/output (I/O) and more and faster paths (channels)
between I/O devices and processors
Sophisticated I/O attachments, such as LAN adapters with extensive inboard
processing
Increased ability to divide the resources of one machine into multiple, logically
independent and isolated systems, each running its own operating system
Enhanced clustering technologies, such as Parallel Sysplex, and the ability to share
data among multiple systems.
Consider the following elements at work in the scheduled batch process:
1. At night, many batch jobs executing programs and utilities are processed. These jobs
consolidate the results of the online transactions executed during the day.
2. The batch jobs generate reports of business statistics.
3. Backups of critical files and databases are made before and after the batch window.
4. Reports with business statistics are sent to a specific area for analysis during the
following day.
5. Reports with exceptions are sent to the branch offices.
6. Monthly account balance reports are generated and sent to all bank customers.
7. Reports with processing summary are sent to the partner credit card company.
8. A credit card transaction report is received from the partner company.
9. In the production control department, the operations area is monitoring the messages
on the system console and the execution of the jobs.
10. Jobs and transactions are reading or updating the database (the same database used by
online transactions) and many files are written to tape.
Common online transactions using a mainframe:
1. A customer uses an ATM, which presents a user-friendly interface for various
functions: Withdrawal, query account balance, deposit, transfer, or cash advance from
a credit card account.
2. Elsewhere in the same private network, a bank employee in a branch office performs
operations such as consulting, fund applications, and money ordering.
3. At the bankâs central office, business analysts tune transactions for improved
performance. Other staff use specialized online systems for office automation to
perform customer relationship management, budget planning, and stock control.
4. All requests directed to the mainframe computer for processing.
5. Programs running on the mainframe computer perform updates and inquires to the
database management system (for example, DB2).
6. Specialized disk storage systems store the database files.