The document provides step-by-step instructions for defining variables and entering data in SPSS. It defines three variables - Gender, Age, and BRM1 (a questionnaire item) - including value labels. It then shows the responses for 10 respondents and instructs the user to enter the values in the Data View. Finally, it prompts the user to save the work.

1. Introduction to SPSS: Defining Variables and Data Entry

2. You will be on this page after “SPSS” is started Click “Cancel”

3. Choose “variable view” by clicking this button

4. Type the name of the variable here

5. The variable name “Gender” has been typed Lets assume our first variable is “Gender”

6. Click “Type” Choose “Numeric” (1) (2) Press “OK” (3)

7. Type a label for this variable, e.g. Gender of Respondent* *Note: It is not necessary to provide a label for the variable. It serves to remind the researcher about the variable if a label is provided

8. 1. Click “Values” 2. Click this sign to assign the “Value Labels” of the variable 3. Type “1” here, then “Male” here 4. Click “add” Assuming we have the following coding scheme for “Gender” 1.Male 2.Female

9. After “Add” is pressed the value label 1 = “Male” is transferred here

10. 1. Type “2” 2. Type “Female” 3. Press “Add”

11. 1. The value label 2 = “Female” is now here 2. Press “OK” to execute the process

12. The process of defining the first variable “Gender” is now completed. Press the 1 st column of the 2 nd row to define the 2 nd variable Lets say the 2 nd variable is “Age”

13. Type “Age”

14. Under the “Label” type “Age Group of Respondent”

15. Assuming we have the following coding scheme for “Age” 20 – 25 years 26 – 30 years 31 – 35 years 36 – 40 years 41 years and above

16. 1. Press here to define the value labels 2. Type 1 for “Value” 3. Type 20 -25 years for “Value Label” 4. Click “Add” Repeat Steps 2, 3, 4 for the remaining value labels: Value 2 ; Value Label 26 – 30 years Value 3 ; Value Label 31 – 35 years Value 4 ; Value Label 36 – 40 years Value 5 ; Value Label 41 and above

17. Press “OK” after all the value labels for “Age” have been defined

18. The process of assigning the value labels for “Age” is completed

19. Lets move to the third variable. Assume that the next item in the questionnaire asks respondent to indicate his/her degree of agreement to the following statement: I enjoy my Business Research Methods class Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree

20. I have chosen BRM1 as the variable name to indicate that it is the first question related to “Business Research Methods”. It is arbitrary, we can also use other names.

21. Under the “Label” give a short descriptive label for the variable, e.g. “Enjoy BRM”

22. 1. Press here to define the value labels for BRM1 2. Type “1” for “Value”, and type “Strongly Disagree” for “Value Label” 3. Press “Add”

23. Repeat the process for the remaining value labels of BRM1, i.e. 2. Disagree 3. Undecided 4. Agree 5. Strongly Agree Press OK to execute A B

24. The variable BRM1 and its value labels are now defined

25. Now let us practice some data entry with SPSS Assume we have received ten completed questionnaires from our respondents. Respondent 1 with the following responses: Female (2) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Respondent 2 with the following responses: Male (1) 31 – 35 years (3) Disagree (2) Respondent 3 with the following responses Female (2) 31 – 35 years (3) Strongly Agree (5) Value labels for “Male” and “Female” in variable “Gender”

26. Now let us practice some data entry with SPSS Assume we have received ten completed questionnaires from our respondents. Respondent 1 with the following responses: Female (2) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Respondent 2 with the following responses: Male (1) 31 – 35 years (3) Disagree (2) Respondent 3 with the following responses Female (2) 31 – 35 years (3) Strongly Agree (5) Value labels for “Age Groups” in variable “Age”

27. Now let us practice some data entry with SPSS Assume we have received ten completed questionnaires from our respondents. Respondent 1 with the following responses: Female (2) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Respondent 2 with the following responses: Male (1) 31 – 35 years (3) Disagree (2) Respondent 3 with the following responses Female (2) 31 – 35 years (3) Strongly Agree (5) Value labels for the “degree of agreement” in variable “BRM1”

28. Respondent 4 Male (1) 41 years and above (5) Agree (4) Respondent 5 Female (2) 31 – 35 years (3) Strongly Agree (5) Respondent 6 Male (1) 20 – 25 years (1) Disagree (2) Respondent 7 Male (1) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Respondent 8 Female (2) 20 -25 years (1) Strongly Agree (5) Respondent 9 Male (1) 31 – 35 years (3) Disagree (2) Respondent 10 Female (2) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4)

29. Switch to the “Data View” by pressing this button To start entering data, we need to switch to the “Data View”

30. Respondent 1 with the following responses: Female (2) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Type the values of the responses for Respondent 1 (Row 1) for the three variables (Gender, Age, and BRM1)

31. Respondent 2 Male (1) 31 – 35 years (3) Disagree (2) Respondent 2 is in Row 2

32. Respondent 3 Female (2) 31 – 35 years (3) Strongly Agree (5) Respondent 4 Male (1) 41 years and above (5) Agree (4) Respondent 5 Female (2) 31 – 35 years (3) Strongly Agree (5) Respondent 6 Male (1) 20 – 25 years (1) Disagree (2) Respondent 7 Male (1) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Respondent 8 Female (2) 20 -25 years (1) Strongly Agree (5) Respondent 9 Male (1) 31 – 35 years (3) Disagree (2) Respondent 10 Female (2) 26 – 30 years (2) Agree (4) Now, the data entry process for the 10 respondents is completed. Don’t forget to save our work before we logoff. Repeat the process for all the remaining respondents.

33. 1. Click “File” , 2. Then “Save As..” 3. Choose your folder Type in the name that you want for this file, e.g. practice 5. Press “Save”

34. Thank You....