introduction to rotating machines

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The document discusses rotating electrical machines such as generators and motors. It covers topics such as: - The basic components of rotating machines including stators, rotors, field windings, and armature windings. - How electromechanical energy conversion occurs through relative movement between coils and magnetic fields. - Different types of rotor designs for low and high speed applications. - Constructional features of synchronous and induction machines including placement of field and armature windings. - Types of windings used in three-phase alternators such as star and delta connections.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
BASIC MACHINE TYPES :

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
DYNAMICALLY INDUCED EMF :
Electromechanical energy conversion takes place whenever a change in flux linkages is
associated with mechanical motion.
Voltage is generated in a coil when there is a relative movement between the coil and
magnetic field.
The Field Winding, which are the
primary source of flux in the
machine. They are arrange to
produce cyclic North-South space
distribution of Poles.
Coils are several in number in practical
machines and are suitably distributed and
connected in series/parallel and in
star/delta 3-φ connection to give desired
Voltage and to supply rated Current; this
arrangement is called Armature Winding.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
WHERE TO PLACE FIELD & ARMATURE WINDINGS ?
Stationary Member Rotating Member
STATOR ROTOR

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
ROTATING MACHINES :
Electric Generator (TPM=TG) : TPM :Prime mover Torque
TG: Generator Torque
Electric Motor (TM=TL) : TM :Motor Torque
TL: Load Torque

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES :
STATOR ROTOR
Field Winding Armature WindingIn General
In Case of Synchronous Machines
Field WindingArmature Winding
These are DC exited to produce
alternate N-S poles in pairs
The interaction between primary field and current carrying armature
conductors causes production of torque of electromagnetic origin.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
Salient-pole Rotor
Non-Salient-pole Rotor (Cylindrical Rotor)
For Low Speed Applications
For High Speed Applications

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
1. Field wdgs are placed on rotor and
stator carries armature wdgs.
2. The field wdgs are excited through
slip-rings from a DC Source.
3. Generally a small DC Generator
called exited is coupled to the shaft of
the synchronous machine.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
1. Field wdgs are placed on stator and
Rotor carries armature wdgs.
2. AC voltages and Currents induced in
the armature wdg has to converted to
DC using rotational mechanical
converter called commutator.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
1. The stator carries 3-φ wdg , which when excited by 3-φ
ac source that sets up rotating flux pattern with N-S poles
in the air-gap at synchronous speed.
2. Armature wdgs are short circuited.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
To generate Sinusoidal flux , the pole faces in
such a machine are there fore CLAMPERED.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
ELECTRICAL Vs MECHANICAL ANGLES:
θele = (P/2) θ mech

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Another method of achieving a
nearly sinusoidal B-wave is to use
cylindrical rotor structure.

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR (GENERATOR )- WINDING TYPES

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR (GENERATOR )- WINDING TYPES
θele = (P/2) θ mech

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES
TYPES OF WINDINGS

Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II
INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

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introduction to rotating machines

1. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES BASIC MACHINE TYPES :

2. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES DYNAMICALLY INDUCED EMF : Electromechanical energy conversion takes place whenever a change in flux linkages is associated with mechanical motion. Voltage is generated in a coil when there is a relative movement between the coil and magnetic field. The Field Winding, which are the primary source of flux in the machine. They are arrange to produce cyclic North-South space distribution of Poles. Coils are several in number in practical machines and are suitably distributed and connected in series/parallel and in star/delta 3-φ connection to give desired Voltage and to supply rated Current; this arrangement is called Armature Winding.

3. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES WHERE TO PLACE FIELD & ARMATURE WINDINGS ? Stationary Member Rotating Member STATOR ROTOR

4. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES ROTATING MACHINES : Electric Generator (TPM=TG) : TPM :Prime mover Torque TG: Generator Torque Electric Motor (TM=TL) : TM :Motor Torque TL: Load Torque

5. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES : STATOR ROTOR Field Winding Armature WindingIn General In Case of Synchronous Machines Field WindingArmature Winding These are DC exited to produce alternate N-S poles in pairs The interaction between primary field and current carrying armature conductors causes production of torque of electromagnetic origin.

6. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES Salient-pole Rotor Non-Salient-pole Rotor (Cylindrical Rotor) For Low Speed Applications For High Speed Applications

7. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES 1. Field wdgs are placed on rotor and stator carries armature wdgs. 2. The field wdgs are excited through slip-rings from a DC Source. 3. Generally a small DC Generator called exited is coupled to the shaft of the synchronous machine.

8. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES 1. Field wdgs are placed on stator and Rotor carries armature wdgs. 2. AC voltages and Currents induced in the armature wdg has to converted to DC using rotational mechanical converter called commutator.

9. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES 1. The stator carries 3-φ wdg , which when excited by 3-φ ac source that sets up rotating flux pattern with N-S poles in the air-gap at synchronous speed. 2. Armature wdgs are short circuited.

10. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES: To generate Sinusoidal flux , the pole faces in such a machine are there fore CLAMPERED.

11. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES ELECTRICAL Vs MECHANICAL ANGLES: θele = (P/2) θ mech

12. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES: Another method of achieving a nearly sinusoidal B-wave is to use cylindrical rotor structure.

13. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR (GENERATOR )- WINDING TYPES

14. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR (GENERATOR )- WINDING TYPES θele = (P/2) θ mech

15. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES TYPES OF WINDINGS

16. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES TYPES OF WINDINGS

17. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES TYPES OF WINDINGS

18. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES TYPES OF WINDINGS

19. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES TYPES OF WINDINGS

20. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES TYPES OF WINDINGS

21. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

22. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

23. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

24. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

25. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

26. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

27. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

28. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

29. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

30. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

31. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

32. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

33. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

34. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

35. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

36. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

37. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

38. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

39. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

40. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

41. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

42. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

43. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

44. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

45. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

46. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

47. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

48. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

49. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

50. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

51. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

52. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

53. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

54. Mr. D. GaneshElectrical Science – II INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING MACHINES

introduction to rotating machines

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