WHEN DOES PRECISION ENGINEERING STARTS?
Precision engineering was first published in January 1979; since 1986 it has also been known to many of its readers as the Journal of the American Society of Precision Engineering. Now with effect from 2000, it assumes a new look, proudly proclaiming itself the Journal of the International Societies of Precision Engineering and nanotechnology.
CNC machines use computer programs and numeric control to operate machine tools like milling machines and lathes. Key features include automated tool changes and multi-axis movement controlled by motors. CNC programming involves specifying coordinates, feed rates, spindle speeds, and preparatory codes like G-codes for different motions and functions. Programs are debugged to ensure accurate machining based on part designs.
GT Definition,Implementing Group Technology (GT),four methods GT, 1.OPTIZ PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM,2.MICLASS coding system ,CODE MDSI System,BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY and limitations.
The document discusses various topics related to manufacturing processes including conventional and non-conventional machining processes, CNC machining, cutting speeds, feeds, tool offsets, programming codes and functions. It provides information on different machine tools, machining centers, transducers and controllers used in manufacturing. Cutting speed and feed rate tables are included for a variety of materials.
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
Machine tools are powered machines used for metal cutting and finishing operations to shape workpieces. Lathes are one of the earliest and most important machine tools, capable of turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading, knurling, and other operations. The basic elements of a lathe include the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, saddle, and tooling such as the cross slide and compound rest. Turning operations produce straight, conical, or curved surfaces, while other operations like facing, boring, and threading create specific surface features.
Chapter 2 constructional feature of cnc machineRAHUL THAKER
This document discusses the constructional features of CNC machines. It classifies CNC systems according to the type of machine into point-to-point, straight-cut, and continuous path systems. It also categorizes them based on programming method as absolute or incremental, and by control system type as open-loop or closed-loop. Point-to-point systems move in straight lines for operations like drilling. Continuous path systems enable contouring for milling complex profiles. Programming specifies tool movements, and feedback loops help verify final positions match programs. Common machine elements include motors, ball screws, and feedback devices.
This document provides an overview of CNC (computer numerical control) machines. It discusses the history and evolution of CNC machines from the 1940s to present day. The key elements of a CNC machine are described as the input device, machine control unit, machine tool, driving system, feedback devices, and display unit. The document also covers the basic programming and operation of CNC machines using G and M codes to control axes movement, feed rates, spindle speeds, tool changes, and other functions. Advantages of CNC include easier programming and reducing human errors, while challenges include high setup costs and requiring computer and programming knowledge.
CNC machines use computer programs and numeric control to operate machine tools like milling machines and lathes. Key features include automated tool changes and multi-axis movement controlled by motors. CNC programming involves specifying coordinates, feed rates, spindle speeds, and preparatory codes like G-codes for different motions and functions. Programs are debugged to ensure accurate machining based on part designs.
GT Definition,Implementing Group Technology (GT),four methods GT, 1.OPTIZ PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM,2.MICLASS coding system ,CODE MDSI System,BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY and limitations.
The document discusses various topics related to manufacturing processes including conventional and non-conventional machining processes, CNC machining, cutting speeds, feeds, tool offsets, programming codes and functions. It provides information on different machine tools, machining centers, transducers and controllers used in manufacturing. Cutting speed and feed rate tables are included for a variety of materials.
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
Machine tools are powered machines used for metal cutting and finishing operations to shape workpieces. Lathes are one of the earliest and most important machine tools, capable of turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading, knurling, and other operations. The basic elements of a lathe include the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, saddle, and tooling such as the cross slide and compound rest. Turning operations produce straight, conical, or curved surfaces, while other operations like facing, boring, and threading create specific surface features.
Chapter 2 constructional feature of cnc machineRAHUL THAKER
This document discusses the constructional features of CNC machines. It classifies CNC systems according to the type of machine into point-to-point, straight-cut, and continuous path systems. It also categorizes them based on programming method as absolute or incremental, and by control system type as open-loop or closed-loop. Point-to-point systems move in straight lines for operations like drilling. Continuous path systems enable contouring for milling complex profiles. Programming specifies tool movements, and feedback loops help verify final positions match programs. Common machine elements include motors, ball screws, and feedback devices.
This document provides an overview of CNC (computer numerical control) machines. It discusses the history and evolution of CNC machines from the 1940s to present day. The key elements of a CNC machine are described as the input device, machine control unit, machine tool, driving system, feedback devices, and display unit. The document also covers the basic programming and operation of CNC machines using G and M codes to control axes movement, feed rates, spindle speeds, tool changes, and other functions. Advantages of CNC include easier programming and reducing human errors, while challenges include high setup costs and requiring computer and programming knowledge.
Chapter 3 CNC turning and machining centersRAHUL THAKER
This document discusses CNC turning and machining centers. It describes turning as a machining process using a lathe where the tool moves parallel to the workpiece axis to remove material. CNC lathes are replacing older lathes. Milling involves using rotating cutting tools to produce flat and helical surfaces. Machining centers are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the spindle orientation. Machining centers have automatic tool changers and may have automatic workpiece positioners or pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
The document discusses the specifications and construction of grinding wheels. It states that a grinding wheel consists of abrasive grains and a bond that holds the grains together. The abrasive grains can be natural or synthetic and come in various sizes that determine stock removal rate and surface finish. The bond type and wheel structure also influence the grinding process. Proper wheel selection depends on factors like the material, operation, and required surface quality.
This document discusses the geometry of plain milling cutters and twist drills. It describes the key features of milling cutters such as radial rake angle, radial relief angle, land, and lip angle. It also explains different types of milling operations including up milling, down milling, string milling, and gang milling. For twist drills, it outlines the drill point, twist drill nomenclature, and recommended drill geometries for different materials. Equations are provided for estimating drilling forces based on drill diameter and feed rate.
Capstan and turret lathes are production lathes used to manufacture large quantities of identical parts quickly. Unlike engine lathes, they do not have tail stocks and can hold multiple tools that operate simultaneously. Capstan lathes have hexagonal turrets mounted on slides that move longitudinally, while turret lathes have stationary hexagonal turrets mounted directly on the saddle. Both types of lathes are suited for machining bars and irregular workpieces, with turret lathes able to accommodate heavier work. Common tooling includes box, flanged, and slide tool holders that mount to the turrets.
Milling is a machining process that uses rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece by feeding the workpiece into a spinning tool. There are two main types of milling machines: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal milling machines have a horizontally mounted spindle and cutter above the worktable, while vertical milling machines have a vertically oriented spindle and cutter that can plunge to cut the workpiece. The type of milling machine used depends on factors like the shape, size, and number of sides needing machining of the workpiece.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
CNC (computer numerical control) machines use coded instructions to control machine tools for production. They have higher accuracy and lower costs than traditional machining. CNC machines are classified based on the tool used, such as milling machines, lathes, grinding machines, etc. They can be programmed to automatically machine parts through point-to-point or continuous path control systems. CNC machines offer advantages like reduced costs, improved quality, and increased productivity but have higher initial costs and require more maintenance than conventional machines.
1) Chip formation involves the shear deformation of work material to form a chip as new material is exposed during cutting.
2) There are four basic types of chips in machining: continuous, discontinuous, serrated, and those with built-up edge (BUE).
3) The type of chip formed depends on factors like the work material, tool geometry, cutting speeds and feeds, and machining environment. Understanding chip formation helps optimize the machining process.
MF5103 Advanced casting and_welding previous year question paperDineshS158
This document contains questions from an exam on advances in casting and welding processes. It covers topics like the effects of mold materials on fluid flow and heat transfer, Bernoulli's equation, Chvorinev's rule, solidification of pure metals vs alloys, why cast irons are easier to cast than steels, functions of risers, degassification, progressive solidification, design considerations for castings including heat transfer and fluid flow, gating system design, preventing hot tearing in cast spokes, requirements for proper riser function, and types of segregation during casting of aluminum alloys and steels.
This document discusses tooling for CNC machines, including cutting tools made of materials like high-speed steel, tungsten carbide, and ceramic. It also describes design features of CNC tooling like accuracy, flexibility, and rigidity. Finally, it covers automatic tool changers, which allow CNC machines to change tools through program instructions by rotating a tool magazine or drum to replace old tools with new ones.
The document discusses the main components of a die, which is a tool used in manufacturing to cut or shape materials. It describes the basic components as die plates, shoes, and sets which form the foundation. Other components include guide pins and bushings for alignment, heel blocks and plates to absorb side thrust, screws, dowels, and keys for fastening. Pads are used for holding, controlling, or stripping metal. Spools, shoulder bolts, and keepers fasten pads while allowing movement. Retainers secure cutting and forming components, and springs provide the necessary force.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-1) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 1: Production systems
Categories of manufacturing systems, manufacturing support systems, automation in production systems, automated manufacturing systems, opportunities for automation and computerization, types of automation, computerized manufacturing support systems, reasons for automating, automation principles and strategies, the USA principle, ten strategies for automation, automation migration strategy.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CAE. It begins by defining each term: CAD assists in computer-aided design, CAM plans and controls manufacturing through computer interfaces, and CAE applies computer analysis to engineering components. It then discusses how 3D CAD data can be read by CAM software to generate tool paths for CNC machining. The document also defines computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) as the total integration of CAD/CAM and business operations using computer systems. It provides an overview of how CAD, CAM, and CAE are applied within the overall product design and manufacturing cycle.
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
Definition of Automation
Automated Manufacturing Systems
Types of Manufacturing Automation
Levels of Automation
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems
Reasons for Automation
Automation Strategies-The USA Principle
Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement
Automation Migration Strategy
Benefits of Automation
References
Reverse engineering is a systematic process of analyzing existing systems or products to understand their design or redesign them. It involves creating CAD models from physical objects using techniques like 3D laser scanning or CT scanning. Reverse engineering has applications in new product design, redesign of existing products, custom product design, and modifying physical models. It is an efficient approach to significantly reduce product development time by optimizing available resources and meeting customer requirements. The reverse engineering process includes data capturing, processing measured data, CAD modeling, and creating prototypes. Common digitizing techniques are contact methods using CMM and non-contact methods like laser scanning and CT scanning.
- Drill bushes are used to guide tools like drills and reamers and are made of hardened steel.
- There are different types of bushes including press fit, removable, and special bushes. Press fit bushes provide long life while guiding tools. Removable bushes like renewable and slip bushes allow for replacement of worn bushes. Special bushes can have unique shapes to prevent tool deflection.
- Drill bushes may have collars to control hole depth or be headless. Renewable bushes are replaced through a liner bush while slip bushes provide quick changeover between operations. Threaded and plate bushes can accommodate closely spaced holes.
This document discusses chip formation during metal cutting processes. It begins with an introduction to metal cutting and chip formation. It then describes the mechanics of chip formation, including how shear deformation causes material to be removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. It discusses factors that influence chip type, such as the material properties, cutting conditions, and tool properties. Finally, it describes the different types of chips that can be formed, including continuous chips, discontinuous chips, and continuous chips with built up edges.
1. Metrology is the science of measurement and its application. It involves establishing standards of measurement and measurement procedures for accuracy.
2. There are different types of metrology including legal metrology which deals with measurement standards and regulations, and dynamic metrology which measures small continuous variations.
3. The objectives of metrology include evaluating new products, determining process capabilities, minimizing inspection costs, and maintaining measurement accuracy. It is important for scientific research, production, and automation.
What is Dimensional Metrology? Dimensional Metrology Machine Types.pdfVIEW
Dimensional metrology is the science of calibrating and using measurement equipment to quantify the physical size and shape of objects. This field encompasses a wide range of techniques and tools designed to measure dimensions such as length, width, height, and geometric features like angles and radii.
Chapter 3 CNC turning and machining centersRAHUL THAKER
This document discusses CNC turning and machining centers. It describes turning as a machining process using a lathe where the tool moves parallel to the workpiece axis to remove material. CNC lathes are replacing older lathes. Milling involves using rotating cutting tools to produce flat and helical surfaces. Machining centers are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the spindle orientation. Machining centers have automatic tool changers and may have automatic workpiece positioners or pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
The document discusses the specifications and construction of grinding wheels. It states that a grinding wheel consists of abrasive grains and a bond that holds the grains together. The abrasive grains can be natural or synthetic and come in various sizes that determine stock removal rate and surface finish. The bond type and wheel structure also influence the grinding process. Proper wheel selection depends on factors like the material, operation, and required surface quality.
This document discusses the geometry of plain milling cutters and twist drills. It describes the key features of milling cutters such as radial rake angle, radial relief angle, land, and lip angle. It also explains different types of milling operations including up milling, down milling, string milling, and gang milling. For twist drills, it outlines the drill point, twist drill nomenclature, and recommended drill geometries for different materials. Equations are provided for estimating drilling forces based on drill diameter and feed rate.
Capstan and turret lathes are production lathes used to manufacture large quantities of identical parts quickly. Unlike engine lathes, they do not have tail stocks and can hold multiple tools that operate simultaneously. Capstan lathes have hexagonal turrets mounted on slides that move longitudinally, while turret lathes have stationary hexagonal turrets mounted directly on the saddle. Both types of lathes are suited for machining bars and irregular workpieces, with turret lathes able to accommodate heavier work. Common tooling includes box, flanged, and slide tool holders that mount to the turrets.
Milling is a machining process that uses rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece by feeding the workpiece into a spinning tool. There are two main types of milling machines: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal milling machines have a horizontally mounted spindle and cutter above the worktable, while vertical milling machines have a vertically oriented spindle and cutter that can plunge to cut the workpiece. The type of milling machine used depends on factors like the shape, size, and number of sides needing machining of the workpiece.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
CNC (computer numerical control) machines use coded instructions to control machine tools for production. They have higher accuracy and lower costs than traditional machining. CNC machines are classified based on the tool used, such as milling machines, lathes, grinding machines, etc. They can be programmed to automatically machine parts through point-to-point or continuous path control systems. CNC machines offer advantages like reduced costs, improved quality, and increased productivity but have higher initial costs and require more maintenance than conventional machines.
1) Chip formation involves the shear deformation of work material to form a chip as new material is exposed during cutting.
2) There are four basic types of chips in machining: continuous, discontinuous, serrated, and those with built-up edge (BUE).
3) The type of chip formed depends on factors like the work material, tool geometry, cutting speeds and feeds, and machining environment. Understanding chip formation helps optimize the machining process.
MF5103 Advanced casting and_welding previous year question paperDineshS158
This document contains questions from an exam on advances in casting and welding processes. It covers topics like the effects of mold materials on fluid flow and heat transfer, Bernoulli's equation, Chvorinev's rule, solidification of pure metals vs alloys, why cast irons are easier to cast than steels, functions of risers, degassification, progressive solidification, design considerations for castings including heat transfer and fluid flow, gating system design, preventing hot tearing in cast spokes, requirements for proper riser function, and types of segregation during casting of aluminum alloys and steels.
This document discusses tooling for CNC machines, including cutting tools made of materials like high-speed steel, tungsten carbide, and ceramic. It also describes design features of CNC tooling like accuracy, flexibility, and rigidity. Finally, it covers automatic tool changers, which allow CNC machines to change tools through program instructions by rotating a tool magazine or drum to replace old tools with new ones.
The document discusses the main components of a die, which is a tool used in manufacturing to cut or shape materials. It describes the basic components as die plates, shoes, and sets which form the foundation. Other components include guide pins and bushings for alignment, heel blocks and plates to absorb side thrust, screws, dowels, and keys for fastening. Pads are used for holding, controlling, or stripping metal. Spools, shoulder bolts, and keepers fasten pads while allowing movement. Retainers secure cutting and forming components, and springs provide the necessary force.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-1) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 1: Production systems
Categories of manufacturing systems, manufacturing support systems, automation in production systems, automated manufacturing systems, opportunities for automation and computerization, types of automation, computerized manufacturing support systems, reasons for automating, automation principles and strategies, the USA principle, ten strategies for automation, automation migration strategy.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CAE. It begins by defining each term: CAD assists in computer-aided design, CAM plans and controls manufacturing through computer interfaces, and CAE applies computer analysis to engineering components. It then discusses how 3D CAD data can be read by CAM software to generate tool paths for CNC machining. The document also defines computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) as the total integration of CAD/CAM and business operations using computer systems. It provides an overview of how CAD, CAM, and CAE are applied within the overall product design and manufacturing cycle.
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
Definition of Automation
Automated Manufacturing Systems
Types of Manufacturing Automation
Levels of Automation
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems
Reasons for Automation
Automation Strategies-The USA Principle
Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement
Automation Migration Strategy
Benefits of Automation
References
Reverse engineering is a systematic process of analyzing existing systems or products to understand their design or redesign them. It involves creating CAD models from physical objects using techniques like 3D laser scanning or CT scanning. Reverse engineering has applications in new product design, redesign of existing products, custom product design, and modifying physical models. It is an efficient approach to significantly reduce product development time by optimizing available resources and meeting customer requirements. The reverse engineering process includes data capturing, processing measured data, CAD modeling, and creating prototypes. Common digitizing techniques are contact methods using CMM and non-contact methods like laser scanning and CT scanning.
- Drill bushes are used to guide tools like drills and reamers and are made of hardened steel.
- There are different types of bushes including press fit, removable, and special bushes. Press fit bushes provide long life while guiding tools. Removable bushes like renewable and slip bushes allow for replacement of worn bushes. Special bushes can have unique shapes to prevent tool deflection.
- Drill bushes may have collars to control hole depth or be headless. Renewable bushes are replaced through a liner bush while slip bushes provide quick changeover between operations. Threaded and plate bushes can accommodate closely spaced holes.
This document discusses chip formation during metal cutting processes. It begins with an introduction to metal cutting and chip formation. It then describes the mechanics of chip formation, including how shear deformation causes material to be removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. It discusses factors that influence chip type, such as the material properties, cutting conditions, and tool properties. Finally, it describes the different types of chips that can be formed, including continuous chips, discontinuous chips, and continuous chips with built up edges.
1. Metrology is the science of measurement and its application. It involves establishing standards of measurement and measurement procedures for accuracy.
2. There are different types of metrology including legal metrology which deals with measurement standards and regulations, and dynamic metrology which measures small continuous variations.
3. The objectives of metrology include evaluating new products, determining process capabilities, minimizing inspection costs, and maintaining measurement accuracy. It is important for scientific research, production, and automation.
What is Dimensional Metrology? Dimensional Metrology Machine Types.pdfVIEW
Dimensional metrology is the science of calibrating and using measurement equipment to quantify the physical size and shape of objects. This field encompasses a wide range of techniques and tools designed to measure dimensions such as length, width, height, and geometric features like angles and radii.
NUESTRAS CAPACIDADES Y APORTACIONES AL DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO EN METROLOGIA DIMENSIONAL.
NUESTROS CLIENTES COMO GM, VW, NISSAN, TOYOTA, CHRYSLER, AAM, NOS AVALAN.
This document discusses measurement and mechanical measurements. It defines measurement as comparing an unknown magnitude to a predetermined standard. Measurement provides quantitative descriptions and must use accurate standards and reliable methods. Mechanical measurements are important for research, design, and development. They are classified as mechanics measurements or power measurements. Mechanics measurements use empirical, rational, or experimental design methods and include measurements of length, mass, and time. Power measurements monitor quantities like pressure, temperature, and flow rates in systems like steam plants. Measurement systems generally work by converting the measured quantity to an analogous signal, processing the signal, and presenting the results. Calibration is important to prove a system's reliability by applying known inputs. Transducers are key components that convert one energy
The document discusses mechatronics systems and their design process. It begins with an introduction to mechatronics, which is an interdisciplinary approach to design that integrates mechanical engineering with electrical and computer science principles. This leads to products with more synergy and flexibility. The design process involves modeling, simulation, project management, analysis, and real-time interfacing. Additional topics covered include the stages of mechatronic design, traditional vs mechatronics approaches, and case studies of mechatronic systems like pick-and-place robots.
How do Different Types of Probe Card Holders Impact Testing PrecisionSemi Probes Inc
Probe card holders play a crucial role in semiconductor testing by securing the probe card and maintaining stability and alignment between the probes and device under test. The type of probe card holder impacts testing precision, with vertical holders providing rigidity for rigorous testing while cantilevered holders offer flexibility but require precise alignment. Advanced holders incorporate temperature control, probe contact force regulation, and environmental shielding to minimize variations and noise. Continued innovations in automated calibration, real-time monitoring, and adaptive systems are pushing the boundaries of testing precision.
This document provides an introduction to metrology and linear and angular measurements. It defines metrology as the science of measurement and discusses the objectives, need for inspection, classification of measuring instruments, types of errors, definition of standards, subdivision of standards, and line standards. It also describes primary, secondary, tertiary and working standards. Measurement methods can be direct comparison or indirect comparison through a calibrated system. Accuracy indicates deviation from the true value while precision is the ability to reproduce results.
Ensuring first-time quality has become a crucial aspect of the production process for manufacturers across all manufacturing industries. Processes are beginning to shift away from destructive techniques and sample testing conducted after preliminary production, and move toward continuous inline process monitoring throughout the entire manufacturing process.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the measurement system of an optical micrometer machine using gauge repeatability and reproducibility (Gage R&R) techniques. Five operators performed measurements on test parts using the machine. The measurements were statistically analyzed using methods like analysis of variance to determine sources of variability and ensure accuracy of the measurement system. Factors like temperature effects, precision of measurements for different part features, and comparisons of measurement analysis methods were also examined. The goal was to enhance understanding of the machine's measurement capabilities and identify ways to improve measurement quality.
Inspection Principles and practices, Inspection technologies.pptxSonuSteephen
This document discusses various inspection principles, practices, and technologies. It begins by describing inspection techniques that are either manual or rely on modern machines like CMMs. Key aspects of metrology and desirable instrument characteristics are outlined. The document then differentiates between contact and non-contact inspection, noting advantages of non-contact methods. Specific technologies are examined, including CMMs, machine vision, optical tools, and non-optical techniques using other sensor types.
Sanjay Patel has over 19 years of experience in instrumentation and project management. He has worked on instrumentation projects in India, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain, Oman, and Kuwait. His experience includes project planning, site management, commissioning, quality assurance, and ensuring projects are completed safely and on budget. He is proficient in installation, calibration, and maintenance of various instrumentation equipment and process control systems.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on metrology and measurements. It covers 5 units: basics of metrology, measurement of linear and angular dimensions, tolerance analysis, metrology of surfaces, and advances in metrology. The objectives of the course are to prepare students to explain the importance of measurement, apply measurement principles and instruments, interpret tolerances, apply form and surface metrology, and use measurements for quality control. Key topics include measurement fundamentals, instruments, geometric tolerancing, surface measurement, lasers, CMM, and machine vision.
This document discusses measurement and inspection techniques used in manufacturing. It covers topics such as interchangeability, dimensional tolerances, measurement instruments including calipers, micrometers and dial indicators, and surface texture. Interchangeable parts allow for easy assembly and repair of devices while minimizing time and skill required. Dimensional tolerances and proper measurement are important for ensuring interchangeability and quality control. A variety of tools are used to accurately measure dimensions and inspect parts.
Critical Dimension Measurement is crucial in industries where precision matters most. Imagine making the tiniest parts for your smartphone or the chips that power your computer. Getting those sizes right is critical.
Renishaw Equator gauge - product overview - December 2016Denis Vasilescu
The Renishaw Equator is a programmable gauge that combines the flexibility of a CMM with the robustness of a gauge. It uses a patented parallel kinematic mechanism to quickly and accurately measure complex geometric dimensions directly on the shop floor. This allows it to perform both quality assurance and process control in a single step for automated part inspection. Over a thousand Equators have been sold worldwide since 2012, allowing manufacturers to reduce scrap, integrate inspection into production, and quickly adapt to design changes.
This document provides information about a metrology and measurements course syllabus taught at Excel Engineering College. It includes:
1. A list of 5 course units that cover topics like the basics of metrology, linear and angular measurements, advanced metrology techniques, form measurement, and measurement of properties like force, flow and temperature.
2. 5 intended learning outcomes of the course related to applying metrology concepts, using measurement tools, computer-aided inspection, form measurement techniques, and measuring industrial properties.
3. Details of the course objectives, introduction to metrology definitions, elements that affect precision and accuracy in measurement, types of errors, and general measurement methods.
Disturbance Observer And Optimal Fuzzy Controllers Used In Controlling Force ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document discusses characteristics and quality attributes of embedded systems. It describes key characteristics like being application specific, reactive and real-time, operating in harsh environments, being distributed, and having concerns for size, weight and power. It then outlines important operational quality attributes like response, throughput, reliability, maintainability and safety. Non-operational quality attributes discussed include testability, evolvability, portability and time to prototype and market.
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2. WHEN DOES PRECISION ENGINEERING
STARTS?
Precision engineering was first published in January 1979; since 1986 it has
also been known to many of its readers as the Journal of the American Society of
Precision Engineering. Now with effect from 2000, it assumes a new look,
proudly proclaiming itself the Journal of the International Societies of Precision
Engineering and nanotechnology.
3. WHAT IS PRECISION ENGINEERING?
Precision engineering is a subdiscipline of electrical engineering, software
engineering, electronics engineering, mechanical engineering, and optical
engineering concerned with designing machines, fixtures, and other
structures that have exceptionally low tolerances, are repeatable, and are
stable over time.
It is defined as painstaking attention to detail and requires knowledge of a
wide variety of measurement, fabrication and control issues.
Increasing the precision-the accuracy and repeatability of a mechanism or
process is critical to our country’s competitive position in the world of high
technology
4. It is the discipline of designing a machine or instrument so it can
maintain, measure, or move to position of follow a path with a level
of accuracy.
It is also the body of knowledge, wisdom and techniques used to
design such a machine or instrument itself.
It is the design and building of complicated tools and instruments
whose parts must be exactly right in size and position.
5. PRECISION METROLOGY
Precision Metrology (a.k.a Dimensional Metrology) is the science of calibration of equipments and
using physical measurement equipment to quantify the dimensions from and of any given object (etc.
size, length, angle, distance). The end goal of precision metrology will be to achieve a high level of
competency in the 4 following aspects of measurements:
Aspects Definition
Accuracy The degree of exactness which the measurements
corresponds to the real dimensions of the part.
Precision The ability of the measurement to be consistently
reproduced
Reliability The consistency of accurate results over consecutive
measurements over time from the equipment
Traceability The ongoing validations that the measurements
correspond to the real dimensions of the part
6. PURPOSES OF PRECISION ENGINEERING
There are a few terms that you must first become familiar with so you can understand what
precision engineering is all about.
▪ The first term is dimension, which basically means any physical factor that can be
measured. This all includes speed, humidity, temperature, space, distance and so on.
▪ The second term is low tolerance which is used in engineering a lot. This refers to being
unable to function if one of these dimensions is changed or altered in any way.
▪ The last term that is used is overall stability, which as you guessed it, means that the whole
engineering design is highly tolerant.
7. PURPOSE AND PERFORMANCE
Performance of a precision machine or instruments is usually expressed in terms
of accuracy of the output while subject to a certain constraints such as weight or
a harsh operating environment.
For example: A CNC mill – accuracy is the deviation of machine surfaces from
theoretically perfect for.
Performance may also be defined in many ways that are more complex function
of the arrangement of and interaction between the machine or instrument’s
components.
8. SUBDISCIPLINES OF PRECISION ENGINEERING
Precision machine design - is typically concerned with using energy to
produce a useful action or output with great precision, such as machining a
part.
Optomechanical engineering - is typically concerned with holding optical
elements in precise locations without distorting their optical surfaces. Motion
can be involved either as an active function – such as in an optical zoom
mechanism – or as passive compensation – such as in a lens that uses
materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion to compensate for
changes in focus with temperature (a form of a thermalization).
9. DIFFERENT FACTORS OF PRECISION
ENGINEERING
1. Accuracy
▪ Accuracy is the most important in precision engineering
▪ CNC milling and turning milling machines however have helped to maintain a
good level of accuracy
2. Precision
▪ Precision is all about having a system that can repeat or reproduce
measurements in unchanged conditions so that you're able to get the same
result.
10. 3. Predictability And Control
▪ Each product is worked on with the same tools, by the same
program in the same conditions so that the predictability and
precision engineering can be closely maintained.
4. Quality
▪ In precision engineering company needs to make sure that the
quality is always high and that things are done right first time every
time.
12. Accuracy in measurement describes how closely the
measurement from your system matches the actual or true
measurement of the thing being measured.
Precision in measurement describes how well a
measurement system will return the same measure; that is its
Repeatability.
13. THE PRECISION ENGINEERING
FOCUSES ON MANY AREAS
Research
Design
Development
Manufacture and measurement of high accuracy components and
systems.
15. Design and Production System
▪ Lifecycle Engineering, Product and Process Modeling, Design Theory,
CAD/CAM/CAE, Rapid prototyping , Automated & Intelligent System, and
Production Management
Precision Machining
▪ Cutting, Abrasive machining, injection molding and etc.
Mechatronics
▪ Micro machines, Intelligent robots, Information Instruments, Precision
positioning, Machine tool & tooling, Intelligent control, Mechanism & mechanical
elements, etc.
16. THE PRECISION ENGINEERING TOOLBOX
INCLUDES:
▪ Design Methodology
▪ Error budgeting
▪ Uncertainty analysis
▪ Metrology
▪ Calibration/error compensation
▪ Precision controls and actuators and sensor
17. THE PRECISION ENGINEERING TOOLBOX
Precision engineering is also a body of knowledge, wisdom, and techniques that
has been developed, tested, and proven over time to be able to achieve these
objectives.
Examples of these principles and techniques include:he deterministic
principlematic constraint
The Deterministic Principle
Kinematic Constraint
Counter Principles
18. THE DETERMINISTIC PRINCIPLE
Machines and instruments obey cause-and-effect relationships. With enough
information about the system and the environment (and enough time and money in
the project plan), we can calculate the effects of various loads and effects and
compensate for them in the design and operation of the machine. This knowledge can
be applied in the form of error models; error budgets; and error mapping and
compensation.
19. KINEMATIC CONSTRAINTS
Precisely and repeatedly locating one rigid body relative to another
using no more than six points of contact, without inducing distortion
and allowing precision motion in the remaining (6 – N) degrees of
freedom.
20. COUNTER PRINCIPLES
A theoretically perfectly symmetrical, perfectly formed, perfectly rigid machine has an
elegance that one should not aspire to in engineering. All that perfection costs money.
Sometimes, the most cost-effective solution is to introduce imperfection. Given the
impossibility of achieving a perfectly formed, perfectly rigid machine, it may be better to
introduce a small amount of controlled compliance into a system, in such a way that it
will relieve stresses while minimally impacting performance.
21. PRECISION ENGINEERING - JOURNAL OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Study and practice of high accuracy engineering, metrology, and manufacturing.
The journal takes an integrated approach to all subjects related to research, design,
manufacture, performance validation, and application of high precision machines,
instruments, and components, including fundamental and applied research and
development in manufacturing processes, fabrication technology, and advanced
measurement science.
The scope includes precision-engineered systems and supporting metrology over
the full range of length scales, from atom-based nanotechnology and advanced
lithographic technology to large-scale systems, including optical and radio
telescopes and macro metrology.
22. It includes the analysis and design of components as well as machines and
instruments.
The analysis of components includes modeling, simulation and prototype
behavior.
Elements of research are:
▪ structural loop components
▪ bearing behavior
▪ driving system
▪ guiding elements
▪ probing systems
23. Important research activities are:
structural loop design including materials
thermal loop design
static behavior analysis (FEM)
dynamic analysis and simulation of machine-elements and electro-mechanical servo system
design and validation of precision machinery prototypes:
o single point diamond turning machines
o high precision measuring machines
o high precision probing systems
24. DETERMINISTIC DESIGN
Everything has a cost, and everything performs (to at least some
degree)
Successful projects keep a close watch on budgets (time, money,
performance)
Do not be shy about taking all the performance you can get for the
same cost!
25. DESIGN PROCESS
Follow a design process to develop an idea in steps from:
First Step:
Evaluate the resources that are available
Second Step:
Carefully study the problem and make sure you have a clear understanding of what needs to
be done and what are the constraints (rules, limits)
Third Step:
Start by creating possible strategies using words, analysis, and simple diagrams
Fourth Step:
Create concepts to implement the best strategies, using words, analysis, and sketches
27. TWO CONTENT LAYOUT WITH TABLE
▪ First bullet point here
▪ Second bullet point here
▪ Third bullet point here
Class Group 1 Group 2
Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90
28. TWO CONTENT LAYOUT WITH
SMARTART
▪ First bullet point here
▪ Second bullet point here
▪ Third bullet point here
Task
Description
Step 3
Task
Description
Step 2
Task
Description
Step 1
A really good example when it comes to the context, is if you take a modern day car. We all know it has an overall stability and it’s not going to suddenly stop working from outside factors like distance between the car and another object. Now look at the engine. If one part is slightly moved then it’s not going to function at all. Some of these parts need extreme precision to function and this includes moving them by microns.