Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He is renowned for discovering the world's first antibiotic substance from the Penicillium mold in 1928, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945.
Fleming's discovery of penicillin was accidental but proved to be one of the most significant medical advances of the 20th century. It has saved hundreds of millions of lives since its introduction as the first effective treatment for bacterial infections. His work revolutionized medicine and pharmaceutical science.
As a healthcare professional, I can appreciate how Fleming's discovery of penicillin fundamentally changed the treatment of bacterial infections. It introduced the concept of antibiotics and paved the way for the development of many other life-saving drugs. His work
This In-house presentation was given as part of MSc. Clinical Research and consist only the Design and Conduct of BA/BE Studies of CDSCO Guideline. (INDIA)
Briefly described by Dr. Nizar Muhammad, with a clinical perspective, for the students of Pharmacy and specially for nursing students, the data is taken from an american book, named as Clinical Pharmacology_anonim.
This In-house presentation was given as part of MSc. Clinical Research and consist only the Design and Conduct of BA/BE Studies of CDSCO Guideline. (INDIA)
Briefly described by Dr. Nizar Muhammad, with a clinical perspective, for the students of Pharmacy and specially for nursing students, the data is taken from an american book, named as Clinical Pharmacology_anonim.
introduction to practical pharmacology, various experimental animal uses, CPCSEA guidelines, different phases of clinical trial, pre-clinical trial, important pharmacological definition
Image result for pharmacologywww.istudentnurse.com
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon
Some of the topics I'll be speaking about at the biggest biotech pharmaceutical sales force effectiveness conference in 2011. Thinking of going, how to get a discount code inside.
introduction to practical pharmacology, various experimental animal uses, CPCSEA guidelines, different phases of clinical trial, pre-clinical trial, important pharmacological definition
Image result for pharmacologywww.istudentnurse.com
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon
Some of the topics I'll be speaking about at the biggest biotech pharmaceutical sales force effectiveness conference in 2011. Thinking of going, how to get a discount code inside.
The slide provides a basic understanding about Clinical Research process and the various Phases of Drug Discovery and Development. It also explains about the various trial designs and techniques in research such as blinding and randomization. It may be useful for giving a basic class for Fourth Year B.Pharm Students.
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. Introduction to
Pharmacology
Practicum of Health Science
Technology 2009 - 2010
2. What is Pharmacology?
• Pharmaceutical derived from the
Greek word for poison
• A science that studies drug effects
within a living system
• Deals with all drugs used in society
today, legal or illegal, including
street, prescription, and non-
prescription or over –the-counter
medications
3. Drug
• A drug is defined as any
substance used in the diagnosis,
cure, treatment, or prevention of
a disease or condition
6. Generic name
• Determined by the
pharmaceutical company along
with a special organization
known as the U.S. Adopted
Names Council (USAN)
7. Trade Name
• Or brand name- the
manufacturer selects alone…can
become a registered trademark.
They are the only one who can
advertise and market the drug
under that name
8. How is the Trade Name Chosen?
• The particular spelling of a brand
name drug is proposed by a
manufacturer for one of several
reasons.
9. 1. To indicate the disease
process being treated
• Azmacort- treats asthma
• Rythmol- treats cardiac
arrhythmias
10. 2. To simplify the generic
name
• Pseudoephedrine to Sudefed
• Haloperidol to Haldol
• Ciprofloxacin to Cipro
11. 3. To indicate the duration
• Slow-K slow release
potassium supplement
12. Prescription Drugs
• Or legend drugs
• Means in order to obtain drug, you
must have a legal prescription
13. Non-Prescription Drugs
• Or Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs
• Drug that may be purchased without
a prescription
14. Sources of Drugs
Drugs and biological products have
been identified or derived from four
main sources:
• Plants
• Animals and Humans
• Minerals and Mineral Products
• Synthetic or Chemical Substances
Made in the Laboratory
15. Active Constituents of Plant
Drugs
• The leaves, roots, seeds, and other
parts of plants may be dried or
otherwise processed for use as a
medicine and , as such, are known as
Crude drugs.
• Their therapeutic effect is produced
by the chemical substances they
contain
16. Active Constituents of Plant
Drugs
• When the pharmacologically active
parts are separated from the crude
preparation, the resulting substances
are more potent and usually produce
effects more reliably than the crude
drug.
17. Active Constituents of Plant
Drugs
• Some of the types of
pharmacologically active compounds
found in plants, grouped according to
their physical and chemical
properties, are alkaloids, glycosides,
gums and oils
18. Alkaloids
• Organic compounds that are alkaline
in nature and are chemically
combined with acids in the
laboratory to form water – soluble
salts
• Example – Morphine Sulfate
19. Glycosides
• Active plant substances that, on
hydrolysis, yield sugar plus one or
more additional active substances
• The sugar is believed to increase the
solubility, absorption, permeability,
and cellular distribution of the
glycoside
• Example - Digoxin
20. Gums
• Plant exudates
• When water is added, some of them will swell and
form gelatinous masses
• Others remain unchanged in the GI tract, where
they act as hydrophilic colloids
• They absorb water, form watery bulk, and exert a
laxative effect
• Are also used to soothe irritated skin and mucous
membranes
• Example – Psyllium seeds are a natural laxative
gum
• Example – Carboxymethylcellulose are synthetic
colloids
21. Oils
• Highly viscous liquids and are
generally of two kinds
1. Volatile
2. Fixed
22. Volatile Oil
• Imparts an aroma to a plant
• Because of their pleasant odor and
taste, these oils are frequently used as
flavoring agents
• Evaporate easily
• Typically non-greasy
• Example – Peppermint
24. Drug Classification
• Can be approached from two
perspectives
1. Clinical Indication
Example – Bronchodilator Drugs
2. Body System
Example – Drugs Affecting the
Nervous System
25. Controlled Substances
• Drugs which are classified according to
their use and abuse potential
• Term originated in 1970 as a result of the
Controlled Substances Act which was
developed to provide increased research
into, and prevention of, drug abuse and
drug dependence; to provide treatment
and rehabilitation of drug abusers and
drug dependent persons; and to improve
the administration and regulation of the
manufacturing, distributing, and
dispensing of controlled substances
26. Schedule of Controlled
Substances
• Classifies drugs solely according to
their use and abuse potential
• Drugs are classified into numbered
levels, or schedules, from Schedule I
to Schedule V
• Drugs with the highest abuse
potential are placed in Schedule I;
those with the lowest potential for
abuse are in Schedule V
27. Investigational Drugs
• The multibillion dollar
pharmaceutical industry is constantly
screening substances with potential
to market as new drugs
• Prospective drugs take anywhere
from 5 – 10+ years and huge amounts
of money to progress through the
Food and Drug Administration
required testing sequence
28. Drug Design
• New drugs are discovered in one of
two ways
1. Totally new chemical substance
2. Derived from molecular
manipulation of a current drug
29. Drug Design
• Until recently,designing a new
drug by changing the
molecular structure of an
existing drug was a very slow
process of trial and error
30. Recombinant DNA technology
Gene splicing or genetic engineering
• Aided by computer design and use of
enzymes, researchers are able to
remove DNA chemically from one
organism and transplant into other
31. Testing
• In vitro- in glass
• In vivo- in living
• Many guidelines set by FDA
32. Animal Phase
• Precedes human testing
• Watching for toxic effects,side
effects, addictions, cancerous
tumors or fetal deformities
33. Animal Phase
• Calculating the Therapeutic
Index (TI) …. The difference
between the dosage that
produces a Therapeutic Effect
and the dosage that produces a
Toxic Effect
34. Animal Phase
• NOT always a reliable
indicator of how well a drug
will perform in humans.
35. Animal Phase
• Modes of Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion
36. Human Testing
• Occurs in three phases
• All participants must be given
informed consent
37. Informed Consent
• Written consent to an experimental
procedure by an individual after he
or she has been given a careful
explanation of the purpose of the
study, procedure to be used, the
expected effects, and the risks
involved
38. Nuremberg Code
• Developed under the guidance of
American physicians as a result of
the post World War II trials at
Nuremberg of Nazi physicians who
had conducted experiments on
political prisoners without their
consent
39. The Code states:
• Truly voluntary consent of the
human subject is critical
• The experiment must be proved to be
valid or made possible only through
the use of human subjects
• The results and risks are justified by
the study
40. The Nuremberg Code
• Unnecessary suffering, death, or
disability will be avoided
• The experiment will be conducted in
a careful and professional manner by
scientifically qualified persons
• The subject or the investigator may
terminate the experiment at any
point that it is felt unendurable or
impossible
41. Human Testing: Phase I
• Healthy volunteers used to study
absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and routes of elimination or
excretion
• Safe dose range, evaluate side effects
and establish a correct dosage for
therapeutic effect.
• Blood tests, urine analysis, vital signs,
and specific monitoring tests are
performed during this phase
42. Human Testing: Phase II
• Drug is administered at gradually
increasing dosages to selected
individuals with the targeted disease
• During this phase individuals are
closely monitored for drug
effectiveness and for side effects
• If no serious side effects occur, the
study will progress to Phase III
43. Human Testing: Phase III
• Drug is ready for testing at various
different centers in larger numbers
than previous phases
• Standard protocols have been
established to be followed at each
center
44. Human Testing: Phase III
• Objectives for this phase are:
- Determination of clinical
effectiveness
- Drug Safety determination
- Establishment of tolerated dosage
or dosage range
45. Human Testing: Phase
III
• Group A
• all patients with the disorder
receive the new drug being
studied
• results compared to next two
groups for side effects and ability
to treat disorder
46. Human Testing: Phase
III
• Group B
• all patients have disorder meant
to be treated by new drug
• all patients receive a placebo and
results are compared to other 2
groups
47. Human Testing: Phase
III
• Group C
• all patients have disorder meant
to be treated by new drug
• patients will be treated by
another drug currently being
used to treat disorder
48. FDA Approval
• After reviewing all
documentation on the safety
and effectiveness of the new
drug
• May be protected by a patent
for up to 17 years
49. Pregnancy Safe Categories
• Before using any drug during pregnancy,
the expected benefits should be considered
against the possible risks to the fetus
• The FDA has established a scale to indicate
drugs that may have documented
problems in animals and/or humans
during pregnancy
• For many drugs, this information is
unknown
50. Category A
• Adequate and well – controlled
studies indicate no risk to the fetus in
the first trimester of pregnancy, and
there is no evidence of risk in later
trimesters.
51. Category B
• Animal reproduction studies indicate
no risk to the fetus and there are no
well – controlled studies in pregnant
women
52. Category C
• Animal reproduction studies have
reported adverse effects on the fetus;
and there are no well – controlled
studies in humans, but potential
benefits may indicate use of the drug
in pregnant women despite potential
risks
53. Category D
• Positive human fetal risk has been
reported in data from investigational
or marketing experience, or human
studies
• Considering potential benefit versus
risk may, in selected cases, warrant
the use of these drugs in pregnant
women
54. Category X
• Fetal abnormalities reported and
positive evidence of fetal risk in
humans is available from animal
and/or human studies
• The risks involved outweigh the
potential benefits
• These drugs should NOT be used in
pregnant women
55. Medication Orders
• Verbal Order
• Telephone Order
• Incomplete Order
• Incorrect or Inappropriate Order
• Invalid Order
• Orders for Unfamiliar Drugs
56. Medication Order
Should Include:
• Name of patient medication is to be
administered
• Medication name
• Dosage
• Route
• Time of administration
• Signature of prescriber
57. Verbal Order
• Given or received verbally
• All orders must be written prior to
administration
58. Telephone Order
• An order given over the telephone
• Prescriber must sign order within
48h of administration
• Person receiving the orders should
listen to the order, write it down,
then repeat it back to the prescriber
completely for verification prior to
ending the call
59. Incomplete Order
• Orders that are not complete in
patient name, medication name, dose,
route, time, or signature must be
clarified and corrected BEFORE
administration
60. Incorrect or Inappropriate
Order
• May be judged by the administrator as
being incorrect, or inappropriate for the
client it is ordered
• It is the administrator’s RIGHT and
RESPONSIBILITY to question ANY
order or action that is potentially harmful
to the patient
• To carry out an order that one knows to
be incorrect constitutes negligence
• To change an order by modifying any part
of it without the consultation with the
prescriber is ILLEGAL
61. Incorrect or Inappropriate
Order
• Validate the order by consulting an
authoritative reference source such as a
drug reference book
• If the order is apparently incorrect,
objectively report the conflicting facts and
discuss it with the prescriber
• If the prescriber still wants the medication
given as ordered after the objections have
been stated the immediate supervisors, or
managers should be sought
62. Incorrect or Inappropriate
Order
• If the prescriber decides to
administer the medication themselves
make sure the documentation reflects
the objections and actions that have
taken place
63. Invalid Order
• Orders signed by medical students,
unlicensed interns and medical
residents; and physicians who do not
have prescriptive authority at your
institution should not be
administered until the order is
verified and clarification is made
64. Order for Unfamiliar Drug
• Prior to administration of an unfamiliar
medication, the administrator should
“Look It Up” or “Ask the Pharmacists”!
• Administration of an unfamiliar
medication while remaining in ignorance
of its actions, its intended effects and side
effects, and its adverse reactions is
considered negligence if it results in harm
to the patient
65. 5 Rights of Drug Administration
1. Right Medication
2. Right Patient
3. Right Dosage
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
67. Instructions
Define the following terms in your
interactive note book. Utilize KIM
technique with the K = Key word/
key term; I = Information/
Definition; and M = Memory Cue –
something that will help you to
remember the term. Maybe a
picture, word, or phrase.
68. Terms
• Pharmacology • Alkaloid
• Pharmacopeia • Glycoside
• Drug • Gums
• Chemical Name • Hydrophilic
• Generic Name • Water – soluble
• Trade Name • Volatile oil
• Prescription Drug • Fixed oil
• Non-prescription
Drug
71. • USAN – United States Adopted Name
Council
• OTC – Over – the – Counter
• PDR – Physician’s Desk Reference
• FDA – Food and Drug Administration
• DEA – Drug Enforcement Administration
• TI – Therapeutic Index
• VO – Verbal order
• TO – Telephone order
73. Alexander Fleming
Instructions: Research this person and write
the following in your interactive notebook.
• Who is he? Describe him as a person.
• What significance did he have to medicine,
science, or health care?
• How can you utilize his contribution in
your profession?
• How did his contribution affect the world?