Introduction of object oriented programming with their principles and difference between object oriented programming and procedural programming

1. By : ASHWANI SAMNANI

2. PROGRAMMER:- A programmer is a person who
creates a computer program.
PROGRAMMING:-It is the process of
writing a program.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:- It is a set of
commands and syntax used to create a computer
program.

3. 1. Characteristics of procedural Programming
a) It follows top-down approach
b) The program is divided into blocks of codes called
functions ,where each function performs specific task.
c) The data moves freely in program.
d) The data and functions are detached from each other.
e) It is easy to follow the logic of a program.

4. 2. Limitations of Procedural Programming
a) It mainly focuses on procedure or functions. Less
attention is given to the data.
b)The data and function are separate from each other.
c) It does not work for large and complex system.
d)Global data is freely moving and is shared among
various functions .
e) It does not model real world entities.

5. Before learning about OOP’s concept .let us learn about object
What is an Object?
An object is an identifiable entity with some attributes and behavior . For
example we can say that a car is an object it has some attributes such as its
color, model and engine size . Its behavior includes driving forward,
backward, accelerating etc.
Characterstics Behaviour
Model FZ Driving
Color Blue
Mileage 45
km/h
Engine Capacity 149 cc

6. What is a Class?
The term class is used to describe a group of objects that have some
common attributes and behaviour. Consider lion. Giraffe ,cow .They all
share some common attributes such as eyes , hairs , ears, and four leg.
They all have common behaviour such as all of them eat sleep and walk.
They can be grouped in a Class called Animal.

7. a. It follows bottom-up approach
b. It restricts the free movement of data by using the
concept of data hiding.
c. It is extremely helpful in solving complex problems
d. A properly defined class can be reused .
Characteristic's of Object Oriented Programming

9. Data abstraction refers to providing only essential information about
the data to the outside world, hiding the background details or
implementation. For example an ATM machine…

10. Encapsulation
It is a mechanism that binds the data and function together into
a single unit. It keeps them safe from the outside world
preventing any unauthorized access or misuse. Only the function
that are inside the data can access the data . In this way data
and functions are said to be encapsulated into a single entity.
For example :-

11. Inheritance
It is a powerful mechanism by which one class inherits the properties of
another class.
The common class that gets inherited is called the parent class or the
base class.
The class that inherits the properties from the common class is know as
the child class or the derived class or sub class.

12. Polymorphism
The word Polymorphism means “many forms”. It comes from Greek world
poly(meaning many) and morphos(meaning many forms).It is the ability of
a function or an object to acquire multiple forms. For example:-