This document discusses different programming paradigms and object-oriented programming concepts in C++. It defines procedural programming as step-by-step instructions telling a computer what to do, with languages like C, Go, and BASIC given as examples. Modular programming is described as separating a program into independent modules. The difference between procedural and modular programming is that procedural follows an algorithm, while modular divides the objective into pipelined modules. Object-oriented programming concepts covered include objects and classes as logical entities, encapsulation as wrapping data and methods, abstraction as exposing only essential characteristics, inheritance as creating new classes from existing ones, and polymorphism as having many forms in a hierarchy with inheritance.

1. A PROGRAMMING PARADIGM IS A STYLE OR
“WAY” OF PROGRAMMING.
Programming paradigm

2. PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING
Procedural programming is a list or set of
instructions telling a computer what to do
step by step and how to perform from the
first code to the second code.
Procedural programming languages include
C, Go, Fortran, Pascal, and BASIC.

3. MODULAR PROGRAMMING
Modular programming is a software design
technique that emphasizes separating the
functionality of a program into independent,
In modular programming ,a program consists
of a number of modules ,which in most case
work independently of all other

5. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING AND MODULAR
PROGRAMMING?
Procedural programming involves following an
algorithm or a procedure to implement on
your software.
Whereas modular programming involving
dividing your objective into modules and then
pipelining the modules to obtain the defined
output.

6. OOPS CONCEPT IN C++
1. Object
2. Class
3.Encapsulation
4.Abstraction
5.Inheritance
6.Polymorphism

7. OBJECT & CLASS
Object is the physical as well as logical entity
where as class is the only logical entity.
OR
Object is an identifiable entity with some
characteristics and behavior.
Class is a template blue-print representing a
group of object that share common
properties and relationship.

10. ENCAPSULATION
Encapsulation is a process of wrapping of
data and methods in a single unit is called
encapsulation.
Encapsulation is achieved in C++ language
by class concept.
OR
Encapsulation is the packing of data &
function into a single component. The feature
of encapsulation are supported using class.

12. ABSTRACTION IN C++
Abstraction is the concept of exposing only
the required essential characteristics and
behavior with respect to a context.
Hiding of data is known as data abstraction.
In object oriented programming language this
is implemented automatically while writing
the code in the form of class and object.

14. C++ INHERITANCE
Inheritance in Object Oriented Programming
can be described as a process of creating
new classes from existing classes.
 New classes inherit some of the properties
and behavior of the existing classes.
 An existing class that is "parent" of a new
class is called a base class.

18. POLYMORPHISM IN C++
 The word polymorphism means having
many forms.
 Typically, polymorphism occurs when
there is a hierarchy of classes and they
are related by inheritance.
 The process of representing one Form in
multiple forms is known
as Polymorphism..