1) Cloud computing is a model that provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications and services that can be provisioned with minimal effort. 2) There are three main service models of cloud computing: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). 3) SaaS provides applications, PaaS provides development and deployment tools, and IaaS provides basic computing and storage infrastructure.

1. DELIVERING VALUE FROM BIG DATA 1
CLOUD COMPUTING FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICS

2. 2
An Introduction to Cloud
Prof David Wallom,
Associate Director - Innovation (Oxford e-Research Centre)
Thanks to NIST Clouds Introduction, Paul Watson (Newcastle)

3. A Working Definition of Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can
be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort
or service provider interaction.
Courtesy of NIST

4. Service Models of Cloud Computing: SaaS
• SaaS: Software as a Service –> Google Apps, Force.com, Facebook, Microsoft
Office 365;
deployeduse
SaaS
provider

5. 5
Examples

6. Service Models of Cloud Computing: SaaS, PaaS
• SaaS: Software as a Service –> Google Apps, Force.com, Facebook, Microsoft
Office 365;
• PaaS: Platform as a Service –> Google App Engine, Azure Platform, Oracle
Fusion;
use
Application
package
deployed
PaaS
provider

7. Static website Web frontendUser DB Queue Analytics DB
Development
VM
QA server Public Cloud Contributor’s
laptop
Docker, a shipping container system for code
MultiplicityofStacksMultiplicityofhardware
environments
Production
Cluster
Customer Data
Center
Doservicesandapps
interactappropriately?
CanImigratesmoothly
andquickly
…that can be manipulated using
standard operations and run
consistently on virtually any
hardware platform
An engine that enables any
payload to be encapsulated
as a lightweight, portable,
self-sufficient container…

8. Service Models of Cloud Computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
• SaaS: Software as a Service –> Google Apps, Force.com, Facebook, Microsoft
Office 365;
• PaaS: Platform as a Service –> Google App Engine, Azure Platform;
• IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service –> Amazon Web Services, Elastic Hosts,
100percentIT
use
OS
image
instantiated
IaaS
provider

10. Service Model and User Responsibility

11. 4 Deployment Models
• Private cloud
– enterprise owned or leased, e.g operated by your institutional Information Services
• Community cloud
– shared infrastructure for specific community, e.g. provided only to UK Universities
• Public cloud
– Sold to the public, mega-scale(and not so mega scale) infrastructure, Hybrid cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
– composition of two or more cloud deployment types, e.g. what it says on the tin!
Courtesy of NIST

12. 5 Essential Cloud Characteristics
• On-demand self-service
• High performance network access
• Resource pooling Location independence
• Rapid elasticity/service scalability
• Measured service/usage is accounted for
Courtesy of NIST

13. The NIST Cloud Definition Framework
13
Community
Cloud
Private
Cloud
Public Cloud
Hybrid Clouds
Deployment
Models
Service
Models
Essential
Characteristics
Common
Characteristics
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Resource Pooling
High Perf Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On Demand Self-Service
Low Cost Software
Virtualization Service Orientation
Advanced Security
Homogeneity
Massive Scale Resilient Computing
Geographic Distribution
Based upon original chart created by Alex Dowbor - http://ornot.wordpress.com

14. Using Software as a Service

15. Intro to SaaS
• Software as a service (SaaS) is a model of internet based
software delivery where the software company provides
maintenance, daily technical operation, and support for the
software provided to their client.
• Similar/same software delivered to all classes of users with
possible skinning to provide differentiation

16. Software as Services
• What kind of software is best provided as a service?
– Enterprise applications – e.g. email, conferencing or Personal
productivity – e.g. word processing & office apps
• Software whose quality of operation have 0 impact on business
added value
– Packaged simple input applications
• Software where the interaction is simple and predefined

17. Building a SaaS application
• There are three key differentiators that separate a well-
designed SaaS application from a poorly designed one
– scalable
– multi-tenant-efficient
– configurable

18. Platform as a Service

19. Platform as a Service
• Users to create software applications using tools supplied by the provider.
• Services provided are application hosting environments
• Packages of Services vary, from offering simple point-and-click frameworks where
no client side hosting expertise is required to supplying the infrastructure options for
advanced development.
• Capabilities that can be included with a PaaS offering:
– Operating system
– Server-side scripting environment
– Database management system
– Server Software
– Support
– Storage
– Network access
– Tools for design and development
– Hosting

20. Benefits of PaaS to application developers
• They don’t have to invest in physical infrastructure
• Makes development possible for ‘non-experts’
• Flexibility
• Adaptability
• Teams in various locations can work together
• Security

21. Infrastructure as a Service

22. Informed of
Requirements
Raise
Funding
Purchase Consume
A FAIRLY
LARGE
COST
IN UNITS
OF
PHYSICAL
SYSTEMS
NORMALLY
WITH LOW
UTILISATION
LEVELS,
BUT
SCALED
FOR PEAK
TRADITIONAL IT PURCHASING

24. Conventional Software Infrastructure
Hardware
Operating System
Application Application Applications
WASTED CAPACITY

25. • e.g. Amazon
25

26. Virtual Machine
Hardware
Hypervisor
OS OS OS
Applica
tion/s
Applica
tion
Application
Virtual
Machine

28. What’s New about cloud generally?
• On Demand
– illusion of infinite computing resources
– no up-front commitment by users
– Pay for use of resources on a short-term basis as needed
(from “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”)

29. The Promise of Clouds
• Agility
• CapEx  OpEx
• Scalability
• The hidden underbelly;
– failure debugging
– currently vendor lock-in
– Network connectivity/bandwidth
– Every IaaS cloud user(developer) must be a systems administrator

30. Choosing a Cloud Infrastructure
Centralisation Vs Federation
• Centralisation: one large, dedicated datacentre that
serves the demand
• Federation: heterogeneous set of infrastructures
coordinated in order to satisfy demand
Criteria for evaluation
• Funding
• Scalability
• Flexibility
• Maintenance
• Support
• Accountability
• Obsolescence
• Competitiveness
• Security