Introduction to Arduino

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Dong Ho Son
POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
donghoson@postech.ac.kr
Introduction to Arduino

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Table of
Contents
• What is Arduino?
• Many Flavors of Arduino
• Arduino Add-ons
• Arduino Projects
• References

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What is Arduino? (1/5)
 Arduino
• Open source hardware and software platform for IoT
• The most popular IoT device development platform
• Allows a low-cost and easy way to create devices that interact with their
environment using sensors and actuators
• Arduino = Arduino board (H/W) + IDE (S/W)
− Arduino board: Microcontroller board
− IDE: Integrated Development Environment
Arduino board IDE

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 Microcontroller
• Small controller on a single integrated chip
− Containing a microprocessor, memory (RAM, ROM, Flash), input/output ports
• Typically "embedded" inside some devices that they control
 Used in
• cellphones, toys, home appliances, cars, cameras, …
Source: learn.mikroe.com/ebooks/piccprogramming/chapter/introduction-to-the-world-of-microcontrollers

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 Arduino programming language
• based on Wiring, used to develop Arduino programs
 IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
• Includes a code editor, compiler and uploader to upload programs to a board
• Runs on Windows, Mac OS, Linux
• A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a sketch.
① Connect sensors to the Arduino② Write a sketch & Debug
③ Compile the sketch &
upload to Arduino
④ Run a program on ArduinoUSB Cable for serial
communication
PC
Arduino UnoUSB A type USB B type
Source : pixabay

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 Open-source platform
• Both hardware and software are open source
• Lots of HW & SW already available
• Can easily modify/extend them
• The language can be expanded through C++ libraries and add AVR C codes
• Supports Windows, Mac OS, Linux
 Can easily connect digital and analog electronic parts
• Sensors (temperature/humidity sensors, GPS Locators, accelerometers)
• Actuators (LEDs, switches or electrical motors)
Source : oshwa.org
http://blog.codebender.cc/2014/02/28/introduction/

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 Why use Arduino?
• Easy to use platform
• Ease of programming
• Simple USB interface
• Simple IDE
• Many documents, tutorials, Youtube videos available
• Many shields available
− Arduino shields are modular circuit boards that piggyback onto the Arduino board to
perform extra functionality
• Inexpensive
− $30~40 US
Source: flickr.com/photos/sparkfun/17683501218
Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horloge_sur_l%E2%80%99Arduino.jpg

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Many Flavors of Arduino (1/5)
 Many different versions
• Number of I/O channels
• Form factor
• Processor
 Uno
 Leonardo
 Due
 Micro / Mini / Nano
 LilyPad
 Esplora
 Mega
Source : arduino.cc

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 Arduino – Uno
• The best board to get started with electronics and coding
• The Uno is the most used and documented board of the whole Arduino family
 Hardware specifications
• Length x Width: 68.6mm x 53.4mm
• Weight: 25g
• Microcontroller: ATmega328P
• 14 digital I/O pins
• 6 analog inputs
• A USB connection
• A power jack
14x Digital IN/OUT
Microcontoller
6x Analog INDC Power Jack
USB
Source : arduino.cc

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 Arduino – Leonardo
• Compared to Uno, a slight upgrade
• Similar to an Arduino Uno, can be recognized
by computer as a mouse or keyboard
− Builtiin USB capability
 Arduino - Due
• Much faster processor, many more pins
• The first Arduino board based on a 32-bit
ARM core microcontroller
• Perfect board for larger scale Arduino project
Source : arduino.cc

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 Arduino – Micro
• When size matters: Micro, Nano, Mini
• Arduino Micro is the smallest board of the family
• Includes all functionality of the Leonardo
• Easily usable on a breadboard
 Arduino - LilyPad
• The LilyPad Arduino family of boards has been designed
for wearable applications
• Allow easy connection with sensors and actuators
developed for an easy integration with clothes and fabrics
Source : arduino.cc

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 Arduino – Esplora
• Derived from Leonardo version
• Used mainly for game controller
• Includes a joystick, slider, temperature sensor,
accelerometer, microphone, and light sensor
 Arduino – Mega
• Designed for more complex projects
− Many more communication pins
• More memory
Source : arduino.cc

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Arduino-like Systems
kocoafab
Orange Board
LeafLabs
Maple
BeagleBoard
Source: wikipedia
Source: Kocoafab

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Arduino Add-ons (Shields)
<Color LCD Shield><Power Driver Shield><GPS Shield>
- Arduino shields are modular circuit boards that piggyback onto the Arduino board
to perform extra functionality

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<Touchscreen Shield>
<Data logging Shield>
<Sound (music) Shield>
Source: adafruit.com

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 Communication Shields
<XBee shield> <Ethernet shield> <Wi-Fi shield>

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Arduino Add-ons (Modules)
 Modules perform some function and send serial data to Arduino
<GPS module> <Bluetooth module> <RFID module>
Source: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-module-and-shield
<module connected via jump cables>
Source: https://Arduino.cc
<XBee Shield on top of Arduino board>

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Arduino Add-ons (Sensors)
<Flex (bend/stretch) sensor>
<Gas sensor> <Temperature & humidity sensor><Ultrasonic distance measuring sensor>
<Sound sensor> Source : ebay

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Arduino Add-ons (Sensors)
<Photoresistor> <Force sensitive resistor>
<Hall effect sensor>
<Piezo sensor>
<Tilt sensor>
Source : ebay

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Arduino Add-ons (Actuators)
 Actuator
• Cause some physical action to be taken
− Turn on a switch, lighting, heating, motor action, display of information, etc.
 Types of Actuators
• Light
− LEDs, Fluorescent lamps, LCD displays, lasers
• Sound
− Buzzers, Beepers, Speakers, MP3/Audio players, synthesizers
• Motion
− DC Motors, Stepper Motors, Servo-motors, solenoids, "muscle-wire", electromagnets
• Power Control
− Control of other electrically operated devices

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Projects (1/2)
 RearEye - A wearable additional eye
• Simple Lilypad project to get additional distance senses
• By putting it in pocket or backpack in order to sense something approaching
• Consists of a Lilypad, a LilyPad Vibe Board and a SRF05 Ultrasonic Ranger
Source : arduino.cc

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Projects (2/2)
 Motion Following Motorized Camera Base
• Upgrade your home security camera or webcam with a motorized stand
that will detect and follow any motion around the camera
− https://www.hackster.io/lindsi8784/motion-following-motorized-camera-base-
61afeb?ref=user&ref_id=58889&offset=0
Source https://www.hackster.io/lindsi8784/motion-
following-motorized-camera-base-
61afeb?ref=user&ref_id=58889&offset=0

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Other Interesting Projects
 LED Matrix from processing
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkJDWrM-K4U
 Arduino Flash Control
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7T1jmj4KClA
 Google Earthwalk
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoNwJ931aqI
 Ultrasonic grass
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZIKbuZaJSQ
 Piezo pong
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXLDyBFsqdg
 Accelerometer and Flash
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49WBPIIo3EE
 Lots of interesting projects you can find in
• http://playground.arduino.cc/projects/arduinoUsers

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References
 http://arduino.cc/
• Official homepage – hardware, software, forums, Arduino language, tutorials, etc.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=23&v=UoBUXOOdLXY
• TED Talk - How Arduino is open-souring imagination
 http://ladyada.net/learn/arduino/
• Great Arduino tutorials
 http://todbot.com/blog/category/arduino/
• Various movies, hacks, tutorials on Arduino
 http://freeduino.org/
• Index of Arduino knowledge
 http://adafruit.com/
• Arduino starter kits, Boarduino Arduino clone, lots of cool kits
 http://sparkfun.com/
• Sells Arduino boards and lots of neat sensors & stuff

Introduction to Arduino

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