This Presentation discusses about 5-Axis CNC Machines and Different types of Machine Configurations Present in industries now-a-days

1. Introduction of Universal
5-Axis CNC Machines

2. Contents
•1) Introduction to CNC
•2) Construction of CNC
•3) Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC
•3) 5-Axis CNC
•4) Difference between 3+2-Axis and 5-Axis
•5) Advantages and application of 5 axis
•6) Types of machine configurations for 5-axis machining
•7) Manufacturers of 5-axis CNC Machines
•8) Specification of a 5 axis CNC machine

3. Introduction of CNC
Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine tools that are operated by precisely programmed
commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to controlled manually.
Most NC today is computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers play an integral part of the
control. In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly automated using computer-
aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs.
Here is an overview of the basic CNC Process:
I. First, the CAD model is converted into a series of commands that can be interpreted by the CNC machine
(G-code). This is usually done on the machine by its operator, using the provided technical drawings.
II.A block of material (called the blank or the workpiece) is then cut to size and it is placed on the built
platform, using either a vice or by directly mounting it onto the bed. Precise positioning and alignment is
key for manufacturing accurate parts and special metrology tools (touch probes) are often used for this
purpose.
III.Next, material is removed from the block using specialized cutting tools that rotate at very high speeds
(thousands of RPM). Several passes are often required to create the designed part. First, an approximate
geometry is given to the block, by removing material quickly at a lower accuracy. Then one or more
finishing passes are used to produce the final part.
IV.If the model has features that cannot be reached by the cutting tool in a single setup (for example, if it
has a slot on it back side), then the part needs to be flipped and the above steps are repeated.

4. After machining, the part needs to be deburred. Deburring is the manual process of removing
the small defects left on sharp edges due to material deformation during machining (for
example, the defects created as a drill exists the far side of a through hole). Next, if
tolerances were specified in the technical drawing, the critical dimensions are . The part is
then ready to use or post-process.
Most CNC systems have 3 linear degrees of freedom: the X, Y and Z axis. More advanced
systems with 5 degrees of freedom also allow the rotation of the bed and/or the tool head (A
and B axis).5-axis CNC systems are capable of producing parts with high geometric
complexity and may eliminate the need for multiple machine setups.

5. Advantages of CNC
CNC machines can be used continuously and has Reliable
Endurance
It consistently executes huge quantities and affords flexible
scalability.
CNC machines generally do not require much service other than
to change the cutting implements at the proper interval and do
some light cleaning.Low Maintenance
CNC machining requires fewer personnel to execute the
production tasks.Less Labor
Intricate detail machining.Improves machining accuracy
The collective result of high speed, efficiency, specialization,
precision and most of all, fewer labor hours, all add up to a better
bottom line for your business which is Lower Costs

6. Disadvantages of CNC
CNC machines are more expensive than manually operated machines, although costs
are slowly coming down.
The CNC machine operator only needs basic training and skills, enough to supervise
several machines. In years gone by, engineers needed years of training to operate centre
lathes, milling machines and other manually operated machines. This means many of
the old skills are been lost.
Less workers are required to operate CNC machines compared to manually operated
machines. Investment in CNC machines can lead to unemployment.
In case of breakdown a highly skilled professional is required to solve the problem

7. 5-Axis CNC
In the simplest terms, 5-axis machining involves using a CNC to move a part or cutting
tool along five different axes simultaneously. This enables the machining of very
complex parts, which is why 5-axis is especially popular for aerospace applications.
A machine that is capable of 5-axis design can move the tool-path in the X, Y, and
Z directions as well as rotate in the A and B (or C) axes – thus the term 5-axis
machining. Having those two extra axes compared to traditional 3-axis machining
allows for greater flexibility in part design and more fluid movements for the tool head
However, several factors have contributed to the wider adoption of 5-axis machining.
These include:
•A push toward single-setup machining (sometimes referred to as “Done-in-One”) to
reduce lead time and increase efficiency
•The ability to avoid collision with the tool holder by tilting the cutting tool or the table,
which also allows better access to part geometry
• Improved tool life and cycle time as a result of tilting the tool/table to maintain
optimum cutting position and constant chip load.

8. Axes of 5-Axis CNC Machine Tool

9. 3+2-Axis and 5-Axis CNC
It’s important to distinguish between 5-axis machining and 3+2-axis machining. The 5-Axis
machining also called continuous or simultaneous 5-axis machining.It involves continuous
adjustments of the cutting tool along all five axes to keep the tip optimally perpendicular to
the part.
In contrast, the 3+2 Axis machining is also called 5-sided or positional 5-axis machining
which involves executing a 3-axis program with the cutting tool locked at an angle
determined by the two rotational axes.

10. The main advantage of continuous 5-axis machining over 5-axis indexed is speed, since
the 5-sided machining necessitates stopping and starting between each reorientation of
the tool whereas the former does not.However, it should be possible to produce the same
results whether using continuous or indexed 5-axis.
It’s also worth noting that with the speed advantage comes more moving parts, which
leads to increased wear and tear as well as a greater need for part crash detection. This
is one of the reasons continuous 5-axis machining is more difficult from a programming
standpoint.

11. Adv. and App. Of 5-Axis
CNC
3-axis machines require multiple setups, which may result in incorrect alignments, higher
costs, and other errors. With 5-axis machining, you have the ability to machine complicated
shapes with a single setup.
5-axis machining enables you to use shorter cutting tools because you can lower the
head and orient the cutter appropriately. This helps achieve higher cutting speeds without
putting too much pressure on the cutter.
5-axis machines have less vibration, you’ll see a better surface finish.
It ensures great precision with regard to the pieces, since they’re only worked on at one
workstation.
It is used for machining of complex three dimensional profiles
It is used for manufacturing of impellers, turbine blades.
It is also used for deep cavity mould making.

12. M/C Config. Of 5-Axis
CNC
To understand machine configurations, it’s important to understand the basic terminology
of 5-axis machining centers. If you think in terms of a 3-axis machining center, it has an
X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. With a 5-axis machining center, the additional rotary axes will
rotate about two of those three primary axes.
The axis that rotates about or under the Z-axis is called the C-axis.
The axis that rotates about the Y-axis is called the B-axis.
The axis that rotates about the X-axis is called the A-axis.
A 5-axis machine’s specific configuration determines which
two of the three rotational axes it utilizes.They are three types
of machine configurations.They are:
1) SWIVEL HEAD WITH ROTARY TABLE
2) INTEGRATED TRUNNION TABLE
3) TRAVELING COLUMN

13. Swivel Head with Rotary
Table
A swivel-rotate-style machine operates with traditional 3-axis along with B-axis (rotating
about the Y-axis) and a C-axis (rotating about the Z-axis).Rotary table rotates along C-
Axis and Swivel head rotated along the B-Axis
The benefits of using the 5-Axis swivel head rotary table design is:
1)Heavier Parts: Because the table is stationary, the swivel head/rotary table
machines are used with heavier parts.
2)Versatility. You can add a vise for greater versatility because of the large table
size. Use the extra space to finish the sixth side of the part or do 3-axis work.
3)Minimizes tool interference Because the swivel head tilts the tool, you don’t need
to worry about tool interference with the machine’s spindle head.
4)Better chip control With the swivel head/rotary table configuration, you can run
the machine horizontally and gain better chip control.

15. Integrated Trunnion Table
A trunnion-style machine operates with traditional 3-axis along with A-axis (rotating
about the X-axis) and a C-axis (rotating about the Z-axis).Rotary table rotates along C-
Axis and Turnnion table rotates along the A-Axis.
The benefits of using the 5-Axis Turnnion table design is:
Better undercut capability The trunnion rotates -30/+110 degrees versus +92 degree
rotation on a swivel head/rotary table design.
Larger work volume Compared to the swivel head rotary table 5-axis machine, the
trunnion style facilitates larger work volume because you don’t have to compensate for the
space used by the swivel head with tool attached.
3 to 5 transition The integrated trunnion table is the most popular configuration for 3- axis
shops that convert to 5-sided machining because the approach to the part is similar in that
you are simply machining more sides at one time in a linear fashion.

18. MANUFACTURERS
OF 5-Axis CNC
HURCO
TARUS
CMS north America
OKUMA
CNC TAKANG Taiwan
maximart corporation
YCM (YEONG CHIN MACHINERY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD)