This document discusses the introduction of a new digitally optimized substation design by DEWA for improved protection, control, and SCADA systems in its transmission network. Key aspects of the new design include:
1. Using virtual technologies and clustering to optimize the substation control and monitoring system, reducing hardware while increasing redundancy.
2. Implementing duplicate integrated control and protection systems in each bay using multifunction devices from different manufacturers connected over an IEC61850 process bus.
3. Digitizing components and processes to reduce over 100km of copper wiring, delivering significant reductions in carbon footprint, space usage, energy consumption, and costs while improving functionality and reliability.
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1. The document discusses the modernization of electrical substation automation systems using IEC61850. IEC61850 is an open communication standard that improves interoperability between intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in substations.
2. The goals of using IEC61850 for substation automation system (SAS) modernization include creating an open system, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing flexibility. The standard defines interfaces that enable distributed control and monitoring between different levels and devices in the substation.
3. A key benefit of IEC61850 is its use of GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) messages to enable fast, peer-to-peer communication between I
B5 g2 enhanced+protection+functionality+with+iec+61850+and+gooseOmeal Ahmed
IEC 61850 is a global standard for communication in substations that defines an expandable data model and services to transfer data between devices to improve interoperability. It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication and defines Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) for high-speed peer-to-peer communication between intelligent electronic devices in the substation. GOOSE uses publisher-subscriber messaging to transmit any process data in real-time to enable fast protection schemes and reduce wiring. The standard also defines a configuration language to facilitate efficient engineering of interoperable systems.
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This document discusses using IEC-61850 standards to remotely control medium voltage grids. It describes how TCP/IP networks allow integration of both private networks like Ethernet and TETRA, as well as public networks like GPRS and UMTS. IEC-61850 provides benefits for remote control by enabling data sharing between devices using common protocols. The document focuses on how IEC-61850 can be applied to remotely monitor and control MV switchgear using MMS, as well as for over-current fault detection. Short term challenges include retrofitting existing facilities and Control Centers supporting many IEC-61850 connections.
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Effect on Substation Engineering Costs of IEC61850 & System Configuration ToolsSchneider Electric
Change management, software configuration training, and human error all impact the cost associated with substation automation engineering. Object-oriented engineering approaches as defined in the IEC 61850 standard represent significant cost savings when compared to traditional methods using hardwire and Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3). New multivendor system configuration tools are described that further reduce substation automation engineering costs.
This document discusses switchgear and control gear in India. It provides background on the switchgear market in India and the types of switchgear manufactured in India, including low, medium, and high voltage switchgear. The document then summarizes relevant literature on topics like digital switchgear, IEC 61850 communication standards, smart grid technologies, and new process technologies as they relate to switchgear design and substation automation. Finally, it outlines the objectives and work completed in Phase 1 of a project related to developing a more flexible protocol than IEC 61850 and studying its adaptability and an utility's energy consumption data.
ARC White paper: Schneider Electric Introduces First ePAC, Combines PAC with...Schneider Electric
As a hub for both real-time control and information, PACs (Programmable Automation Controller) can benefit from being designed with an open Ethernet backbone to optimize connectivity and communications, increase bandwidth, and provide a high level of security.
POWER CONSUMPTION DETECTING AND ALERTING SYSTEMIRJET Journal
This document describes a power consumption detecting and alerting system. The system continuously monitors home appliance power consumption and calculates unit usage to alert consumers when they are close to exceeding the current electricity rate slab. When the slab rate threshold is reached, auxiliary loads will automatically be cut off and a message will be sent to the consumer. The system aims to help consumers efficiently use power from the grid and maintain a low electricity bill. It uses components like a microcontroller, relays, LCD display, step-down transformer, buzzer, and potentiometer. The system works by measuring power usage, calculating units, and sending alerts via buzzer and messages if the slab rate is approached or exceeded to encourage reduced consumption.
Modernization of Electrical Substation Automation Systems Using IEC61850IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the modernization of electrical substation automation systems using IEC61850. IEC61850 is an open communication standard that improves interoperability between intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in substations.
2. The goals of using IEC61850 for substation automation system (SAS) modernization include creating an open system, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing flexibility. The standard defines interfaces that enable distributed control and monitoring between different levels and devices in the substation.
3. A key benefit of IEC61850 is its use of GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) messages to enable fast, peer-to-peer communication between I
B5 g2 enhanced+protection+functionality+with+iec+61850+and+gooseOmeal Ahmed
IEC 61850 is a global standard for communication in substations that defines an expandable data model and services to transfer data between devices to improve interoperability. It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication and defines Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) for high-speed peer-to-peer communication between intelligent electronic devices in the substation. GOOSE uses publisher-subscriber messaging to transmit any process data in real-time to enable fast protection schemes and reduce wiring. The standard also defines a configuration language to facilitate efficient engineering of interoperable systems.
IEC61850: Use of IEC61850 to telecontrol MV grids (Article)iGrid T&D
This document discusses using IEC-61850 standards to remotely control medium voltage grids. It describes how TCP/IP networks allow integration of both private networks like Ethernet and TETRA, as well as public networks like GPRS and UMTS. IEC-61850 provides benefits for remote control by enabling data sharing between devices using common protocols. The document focuses on how IEC-61850 can be applied to remotely monitor and control MV switchgear using MMS, as well as for over-current fault detection. Short term challenges include retrofitting existing facilities and Control Centers supporting many IEC-61850 connections.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Development of General Purpose Controller BoardIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of the development of a general purpose controller board. It describes the design and implementation of the controller board, which includes a microcontroller, analog sensors, communication capabilities, and a display. The controller board allows different applications by enabling communication between the microcontroller and connected devices. It provides a portable system for controlling, displaying, and manipulating inputs. The availability of various peripherals reduces complexity and cost. The controller board is programmed to perform tasks by running a set of instructions coded in the microcontroller. It provides a platform for real-time monitoring systems using sensors like a temperature sensor.
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Change management, software configuration training, and human error all impact the cost associated with substation automation engineering. Object-oriented engineering approaches as defined in the IEC 61850 standard represent significant cost savings when compared to traditional methods using hardwire and Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3). New multivendor system configuration tools are described that further reduce substation automation engineering costs.
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POWER CONSUMPTION DETECTING AND ALERTING SYSTEMIRJET Journal
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This document discusses communications network requirements for substation automation. It describes how utilities are adopting IP and Ethernet-based intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to improve grid performance and efficiency. This requires new communications network infrastructures within substations and between substations and control centers to handle increased traffic. The document outlines architectures that segment intra-substation and wide area network communications according to standards like IEC 61850. It also provides an example case study of a smart substation project in France where Nokia is implementing digital substations for grid improvements.
Modeling & Design of Dtmf Technique Based Automatic Mobile Switching & Contro...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system for remotely controlling devices using DTMF tones sent from a mobile phone. The system uses a DTMF decoder chip to receive tones entered on the caller's keypad. A microcontroller then interprets the codes and operates relays connected to home appliances or machinery. The system was designed to provide low-cost remote control of devices for applications like home automation and industrial equipment monitoring. It allows controlling appliances from anywhere via a mobile phone call while maintaining security through password protection. The document outlines the system components, including how DTMF signals are generated and decoded, and how the microcontroller is programmed to interface with relays upon receiving valid codes.
Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate. Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically, provide higher accuracy and quick response.
IRJET- Iot Based Underground Cable Line Fault DetectionIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based system for detecting and locating faults in underground cable lines. The system uses a potential divider network laid across underground cables to detect faults. When a fault occurs, it generates a specific voltage that is sensed by a microcontroller. The location of the fault is determined by the voltage and corresponding distance in the resistor network. The microcontroller displays fault data on an LCD and transfers it online using ThingSpeak. This allows authorities to monitor cables and locate faults remotely via the internet. The system aims to quickly and easily detect fault locations without having to manually inspect the entire underground line.
The document discusses substation automation in smart grids. It describes how substation automation has evolved from mechanical relays and meters with no communication capabilities to modern systems that use intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and standards like IEC 61850 to enable communication. The key components of a substation automation system are IEDs, Ethernet switches, local HMIs, and connections to SCADA systems. The document also introduces the Smart Grid Architectural Model (SGAM) framework, which provides a way to represent interoperability across different layers and domains involved in electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption.
Sklubi AlumniWeekend 23.10.2010:
Reijo Maihaniemi
Electricity Consumption: General
Electricity Savings Through DC Power Feed
DC Data Center Projects in the World
ICT Energy saving actions
DESIGN & IMPLEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF MONITORING OF E- BATTERY USING NODEMCU E...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to monitor the performance of electric vehicle batteries using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system would include sensors to measure battery cell voltage, current during charging and discharging, and other data. This data would be sent to a monitoring system controller and then transmitted to a battery monitoring software application via an IoT platform. The application would analyze the data and provide alerts to users about battery status via email or text message. It would allow users to access battery assessment reports for maintenance and troubleshooting. The proposed system is intended to help extend battery life and reduce maintenance costs by identifying performance issues early.
This document summarizes research on transmitting data through power lines. It discusses how power lines can be used as a communication medium by transmitting digital signals over them using power line communication interfaces and modems. The researchers developed a system where data is encoded by a transmitter modem and sent over power lines, then received and decoded by a receiver modem. They simulated an amplitude-shift keying modulation circuit to demonstrate how digital data can be modulated onto a carrier signal for transmission. The outcome of this work could enable high-speed data transmission over existing power lines for applications like home automation and integration of smart devices on a single network without additional cabling infrastructure.
SOLAR POWERED WIRELESS CHARGING STATION FOR ELECTRIC CYCLEIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a solar powered wireless charging station for electric bicycles. The charging station uses inductive coupling between transmitting and receiving coils to wirelessly charge electric bicycles. An RFID system reads tags on bicycles to allow authorized users to charge and block unauthorized users. The charging level, user records, and vehicle directions are monitored and controlled through a mobile application. The goal is to create an affordable, portable, and user-friendly wireless charging solution for electric bicycles that reduces infrastructure costs and the need for wires.
IRJET - Design and Implementation of RF based Wireless Home Automation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless home automation system using RF technology. The system allows users to remotely control home appliances such as lights and electrical outlets. It consists of an RF transmitter connected to a microcontroller that sends ON/OFF signals to an RF receiver. The receiver is connected to relays that control the loads. The system uses HT-12E and HT-12D ICs to encode and decode signals transmitted between the RF modules. The design aims to provide a low-cost and easy to use solution for remote home automation through wireless RF signals.
CAN Bus Integration for Enhanced Industrial Control and SafetyIRJET Journal
The document discusses using Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for industrial automation and safety. CAN protocol allows for efficient and real-time communication between controllers. The proposed system uses sensors like temperature, gas leakage and light intensity sensors connected to microcontrollers to monitor these parameters. If any parameter exceeds a threshold, corrective actions like activating motors or buzzers are taken. CAN protocol provides high-speed and reliable data transmission between nodes. This ensures safety in industry by enabling monitoring and control of critical parameters.
REAL-TIME LOCATION TRACKER FOR HEALTH PATIENT IN CRISISIRJET Journal
This document describes a real-time location tracker system for monitoring the health and location of patients in crisis situations. The system uses various IoT sensors like a GPS module, heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor connected to an Arduino microcontroller. The sensor data is sent to a server via an ESP8266 WiFi module and the patient's location is tracked on a map using Google Maps APIs. If the sensor readings indicate a health emergency, alerts are sent via SMS to doctors and hospitals so they can quickly locate and assist the patient. The system is designed to be low-cost and help improve healthcare for patients in remote or emergency situations.
Design & Implementation Of Fault Identification In Underground Cables Using IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to identify faults in underground cables using IoT. The system uses Ohm's law to determine the distance of a fault by measuring changes in voltage across series resistors in the cable that vary with distance. A microcontroller interfaces with an analog to digital converter to convert voltage measurements to distance readings in kilometers. When a fault occurs, the location is displayed on an LCD screen and sent over the internet via GSM to a website. The system aims to easily locate faults for repair. It was tested accurately identifying faults placed at known distances in a cable model.
IRJET- CAN based Data Acquisition and Data Logging System for Vehicular Commu...IRJET Journal
This document describes a CAN bus-based data acquisition and data logging system for vehicular communication. The system is built on an ARM-based 32-bit RISC platform and uses embedded software and CAN communication to acquire data from various sensors. The data is sampled at 500 Hz from 32 analog channels and transmitted over the CAN bus. The data can then be examined and sent to a cloud via WiFi for peer-to-peer or device-to-peer communication. The system provides reliable, customizable and cost-effective acquisition of sensor data for applications like engine monitoring and providing a safe driving environment.
This document provides an overview of smart grids and discusses their implementation in India. It acknowledges Power Grid Corporation of India for allowing the author to intern with them. The document contains 5 chapters that discuss: 1) introduction to smart grids and their basic components like communication and EMS, 2) smart grids in the power sector and implementation strategies, 3) wide area management systems, 4) security challenges, and 5) conclusions and recommendations. The document aims to provide information on smart grids and their role in India's power transmission network.
This document discusses electricity theft detection and presents a proposed solution. It begins with an introduction to electricity monitoring and challenges with theft. It then describes a system to monitor power consumption from a central location using microcontrollers, current sensors, and wireless communication between users and a substation. The system is designed to identify authorized vs unauthorized power usage to help control theft. It provides details of the system design including components, working principle, and a theft detection method based on comparing power sent and consumed. Testing showed the prototype hardware worked satisfactorily for its purpose of informing authorities about theft by detecting excess power usage.
IRJET- Design of a High Performance IoT QoS Transmission Mechanism and Middle...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an Efficient Power-Consumption (IoT) middleware based on the oneM2M communication standard. The middleware provides two mechanisms: 1) A Dynamic Duplication Avoidance Transmission Control mechanism that reduces transmission traffic by avoiding unnecessary duplicated data transmissions between sensors, gateways and servers. 2) A Dynamic Power Adaptation mechanism that dynamically adjusts the power consumption and sleep intervals of sensor devices based on factors like data quality, battery level, and sensor variation, to efficiently manage power consumption while maintaining data quality. The mechanisms aim to build an efficient IoT middleware platform for applications like environmental monitoring.
The document discusses the IEEE 1451 family of standards for smart transducer communication. The standards define interfaces and protocols to connect transducers like sensors and actuators to networks. This allows for plug-and-play functionality and interoperability between transducers and networks. The key standards are 1451.1 for the object model, 1451.2 for the transducer interface, and 1451.3/1451.4 for distributed and mixed-mode systems. The standards benefit transducer manufacturers and users by lowering costs and simplifying integration of transducers with networks and systems.
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Journals
This document describes the development of a remote monitoring system for a three-phase 10-kVA switchable distribution transformer using a Zigbee wireless network. A PIC microcontroller is used to control switching devices and monitor current, voltage, and temperature of the transformer. Zigbee wireless communication is used to transmit monitoring data from an acquisition module to a server module. The system allows remote monitoring of parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to monitor the condition of the transformer from a distance.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.