This document provides an introduction to neural network toolboxes in MATLAB, including feedforward, radial basis, and recurrent neural networks. It discusses how to create, train, simulate, evaluate and apply different types of neural networks to problems such as classification, time series prediction, and function approximation. Examples are provided for each type of network using various datasets.
Boston Predictive Analytics: Linear and Logistic Regression Using R - Interme...Enplus Advisors, Inc.
Presentation given for the Boston Predictive Analytics group by Daniel Gerlanc of Enplus Advisors Inc on July 25, 2012 at the CIC. Visit us at enplusadvisors.com
Intermediate Regression Topics including variable transformations and simulation for constructing confidence intervals.
Explanation on Tensorflow example -Deep mnist for expert홍배 김
you can find the exact and detailed network architecture of 'Deep mnist for expert' example of tensorflow's tutorial. I also added descriptions on the program for your better understanding.
Applied Digital Signal Processing 1st Edition Manolakis Solutions Manualtowojixi
Full download http://alibabadownload.com/product/applied-digital-signal-processing-1st-edition-manolakis-solutions-manual/
Applied Digital Signal Processing 1st Edition Manolakis Solutions Manual
Boston Predictive Analytics: Linear and Logistic Regression Using R - Interme...Enplus Advisors, Inc.
Presentation given for the Boston Predictive Analytics group by Daniel Gerlanc of Enplus Advisors Inc on July 25, 2012 at the CIC. Visit us at enplusadvisors.com
Intermediate Regression Topics including variable transformations and simulation for constructing confidence intervals.
Explanation on Tensorflow example -Deep mnist for expert홍배 김
you can find the exact and detailed network architecture of 'Deep mnist for expert' example of tensorflow's tutorial. I also added descriptions on the program for your better understanding.
Applied Digital Signal Processing 1st Edition Manolakis Solutions Manualtowojixi
Full download http://alibabadownload.com/product/applied-digital-signal-processing-1st-edition-manolakis-solutions-manual/
Applied Digital Signal Processing 1st Edition Manolakis Solutions Manual
Time Series Analysis:Basic Stochastic Signal RecoveryDaniel Cuneo
Simple case of a recovering a stochastic signal from a time series with a linear combination of nuisance signals.
Errata:
corrected error in the Gaussian fit.
corrected the JackKnife example and un-centers data.
Corrected sig fig language and rationale
removed jk calculation of mean reformatted cells
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN WALSH TRANSFORM AND HAAR TRANSFORMDip transformsNITHIN KALLE PALLY
walsh transform-1D Walsh Transform kernel is given by:
n - 1
g(x, u) = (1/N) ∏ (-1) bi(x) bn-1-i(u)
i = 0
where, N – no. of samples
n – no. of bits needed to represent x as well as u
bk(z) – kth bits in binary representation of z.
Thus, Forward Discrete Walsh Transformation is
N - 1 n - 1
W(u) = (1/N) Σ f(x) ∏ (-1) bi(x) b(u) x = 0 i = 0
Distributed Architecture of Subspace Clustering and RelatedPei-Che Chang
Distributed Architecture of Subspace Clustering and Related
Sparse Subspace Clustering
Low-Rank Representation
Least Squares Regression
Multiview Subspace Clustering
Time Series Analysis:Basic Stochastic Signal RecoveryDaniel Cuneo
Simple case of a recovering a stochastic signal from a time series with a linear combination of nuisance signals.
Errata:
corrected error in the Gaussian fit.
corrected the JackKnife example and un-centers data.
Corrected sig fig language and rationale
removed jk calculation of mean reformatted cells
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN WALSH TRANSFORM AND HAAR TRANSFORMDip transformsNITHIN KALLE PALLY
walsh transform-1D Walsh Transform kernel is given by:
n - 1
g(x, u) = (1/N) ∏ (-1) bi(x) bn-1-i(u)
i = 0
where, N – no. of samples
n – no. of bits needed to represent x as well as u
bk(z) – kth bits in binary representation of z.
Thus, Forward Discrete Walsh Transformation is
N - 1 n - 1
W(u) = (1/N) Σ f(x) ∏ (-1) bi(x) b(u) x = 0 i = 0
Distributed Architecture of Subspace Clustering and RelatedPei-Che Chang
Distributed Architecture of Subspace Clustering and Related
Sparse Subspace Clustering
Low-Rank Representation
Least Squares Regression
Multiview Subspace Clustering
Neural networks Self Organizing Map by Engr. Edgar Carrillo IIEdgar Carrillo
This presentation talks about neural networks and self organizing maps. In this presentation,Engr. Edgar Caburatan Carrillo II also discusses its applications.
Self-Organising Maps for Customer Segmentation using R - Shane Lynn - Dublin Rshanelynn
Self-Organising maps for Customer Segmentation using R.
These slides are from a talk given to the Dublin R Users group on 20th January 2014. The slides describe the uses of customer segmentation, the algorithm behind Self-Organising Maps (SOMs) and go through two use cases, with example code in R.
Accompanying code and datasets now available at http://shanelynn.ie/index.php/self-organising-maps-for-customer-segmentation-using-r/.
Kyeong Soo Kim, "Theoretical and practical bounds on the initial value of skew-compensated clock for clock skew compensation algorithm immune to floating-point precision loss," Invited talk, 2023 International Conference
for Mathematics and Its Applications, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejoen, Korea, Jan. 16-18, 2023.
HW 5-RSA/ascii2str.m
function str = ascii2str(ascii)
% Convert to string
str = char(ascii);
HW 5-RSA/bigmod.m
function remainder = bigmod (number, power, modulo)
% modulo function for large numbers, -> number^power(mod modulo)
% by bennyboss / 2005-06-24 / Matlab 7
% I used algorithm from this webpage:
% http://www.disappearing-inc.com/ciphers/rsa.html
% binary decomposition
binary(1,1) = 1;
col = 2;
while ( binary(1, col-1) <= power-binary(1, col-1) )
binary(1, col) = 2*binary(1, col-1);
col = col + 1;
end
% flip matrix
binary = fliplr(binary);
% extract binary decomposition from number
result = power;
cols = length(binary);
extracted_binary = zeros(1, cols);
index = zeros(1, cols);
for ( col=1 : cols )
if( result-binary(1, col) > 0 )
result = result - binary(1, col);
extracted_binary(1, col) = binary(1, col);
index(1, col) = col;
elseif ( result-binary(1, col) == 0 )
extracted_binary(1, col) = binary(1, col);
index(1, col) = col;
break;
end
end
% flip matrix
binary = fliplr(binary);
% doubling the powers by squaring the numbers
cols2 = length(extracted_binary);
rem_sqr = zeros(1, cols);
rem_sqr(1, 1) = mod(number^1, modulo);
if ( cols2 > 1 )
for ( col=2 : cols)
rem_sqr(1, col) = mod(rem_sqr(1, col-1)^2, modulo);
end
end
% flip matrix
rem_sqr = fliplr(rem_sqr);
% compute reminder
index = find(index);
remainder = rem_sqr(1, index(1, 1));
cols = length(index);
for (col=2 : cols)
remainder = mod(remainder*rem_sqr(1, index(1, col)), modulo);
end
HW 5-RSA/EGCP447-Lecture No 10.pdf
RSA Encryption
RSA = Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman (MIT), 1978
Underlying hard problem
– Number theory – determining prime factors of a given
(large) number
e.g., factoring of small #: 5 -) 5, 6 -) 2 *3
– Arithmetic modulo n
How secure is RSA?
– So far remains secure (after all these years...)
– Will somebody propose a quick algorithm to factor
large numbers?
– Will quantum computing break it? -) TBD
RSA Encryption
In RSA:
– P = E (D(P)) = D(E(P)) (order of D/E does not matter)
– More precisely: P = E(kE, D(kD, P)) = D(kD, E(kE, P))
Encryption: C = Pe mod n KE = e
– n is the key length
– Note, P is turned into an integer using a padding
scheme
– Given C, it is very difficult to find P without knowing
KD
Decryption: P = Cd mod n KD = d
We will look at this algorithm in detail next time
RSA Algorithm
1. Key Generation
– A key generation algorithm
2. RSA Function Evaluation
– A function F, that takes as an input a point x and a
key k and produces either an encrypted result or
plaintext, depending on the input and the key
Key Generation
The key generation algorithm is the most
complex part of RSA
The aim of the key generation algorithm is to
generate both th ...
Introduction to use machine learning in python and pascal to do such a thing like train prime numbers when there are algorithms in place to determine prime numbers. See a dataframe, feature extracting and a few plots to re-search for another hot experiment to predict prime numbers.
ICLR/ICML2019読み会で紹介した、ICLR2019でのNLPに関するOral4件の論文紹介です。
紹介論文:
Shen, Yikang, et al. “Ordered neurons: Integrating tree structures into recurrent neural networks.” in Proc. of ICLR, 2019.
Li, Xiang, et al. "Smoothing the Geometry of Probabilistic Box Embeddings." in Proc. of ICLR, 2019.
Wu, Felix, et al. "Pay less attention with lightweight and dynamic convolutions." in Proc. of ICLR, 2019.
Mao, Jiayuan, et al. "The neuro-symbolic concept learner: Interpreting scenes, words, and sentences from natural supervision." in Proc. of ICLR, 2019.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Intro matlab-nn
1. INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB NEURAL NETWORK TOOLBOX
Budi Santosa, Fall 2002
FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORK
To create a feedforward backpropagation network we can use NEWFF
Syntax
net = newff(PR,[S1 S2...SNl],{TF1 TF2...TFNl},BTF,BLF,PF)
Description
NEWFF(PR,[S1 S2...SNl],{TF1 TF2...TFNl},BTF,BLF,PF) takes,
PR - Rx2 matrix of min and max values for R input elements.
Si - Size of ith layer, for Nl layers.
TFi - Transfer function of ith layer, default = 'tansig'.
BTF - Backprop network training function, default = 'trainlm'.
BLF - Backprop weight/bias learning function, default = 'learngdm'.
PF - Performance function, default = 'mse'.
and returns an N layer feed-forward backprop network.
Consider this set of data:
p=[-1 -1 2 2;0 5 0 5]
t =[-1 -1 1 1]
where p is input vector and t is target.
Suppose we want to create feed forward neural net with one hidden layer, 3 nodes in
hidden layer, with tangent sigmoid as transfer function in hidden layer and linear function
for output layer, and with gradient descent with momentum backpropagation training
function, just simply use the following commands:
» net=newff([-1 2;0 5],[3 1],{'tansig' 'purelin'},’traingdm’);
Note that the first input [-1 2;0 5] is the minimum and maximum values of vector p. We
might use minmax(p) , especially for large data set, then the command becomes:
»net=newff(minmax(p),[3 1],{'tansig' 'purelin'},’traingdm’);
We then want to train the network net with the following commands and parameter
values1 (or we can write these set of command as M-file):
» net.trainParam.epochs=30;%(number of epochs)
» net.trainParam.lr=0.3;%(learning rate)
» net.trainParam.mc=0.6;%(momentum)
» net=train (net,p,t);
1
% is a sign not to execute any words after that, the phrase is just comment. We can ignore this comment
1
2. TRAINLM, Epoch 0/30, MSE 1.13535/0, Gradient 5.64818/1e-010
TRAINLM, Epoch 6/30, MSE 2.21698e-025/0, Gradient
4.27745e-012/1e-010
TRAINLM, Minimum gradient reached, performance goal was not
met.
The following is plot of training error vs epochs resulted after we run the above
command:
To simulate the network use the following command:
P e rfo rm a n c e is 2 .2 1 6 9 8 e -0 2 5 , G o a l is 0
5
10
0
10
-5
10
-1 0
Tra in in g -B lu e
10
-1 5
10
-2 0
10
-2 5
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 E poc hs
» y=sim(net,p);
Then see the result:
» [t;y]
ans =
-1.0000 -1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
-1.0000 -1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Notice that t is actual target and y is predicted value.
Pre-processing data
Some transfer functions need that the inputs and targets are scaled so that they fall within
a specified range. In order to meet this requirement we need to pre-process the data.
2
3. PRESTD : preprocesses the data so that the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.
Syntax: [pn,meanp,stdp,tn,meant,stdt] = prestd(p,t)
Description
PRESTD preprocesses the network training set by normalizing the inputs (p) and targets
(t) so that they have means of zero and standard deviations of 1.
PREMNMX: preprocesses data so that the minimum is -1 and the maximum is 1.
Syntax: [pn,minp,maxp,tn,mint,maxt] = premnmx(p,t)
Description
PREMNMX preprocesses the network training set by normalizing the inputs and targets
so that they fall in the interval [-1,1]. Post-processing Data
If we pre-process the data before experiments, then after the simulation in order to see the
output, we need to convert back to the original scale. The corresponding post-processing
subroutine for prestd is poststd, and for premnmx is postmnmx.
Now, consider the following real time-series data. We can save this data as text file in
MS-excel (i.e data.txt).
107.1 113.5 112.7
113.5 112.7 114.7
112.7 114.7 123.4
114.7 123.4 123.6
123.4 123.6 116.3
123.6 116.3 118.5
116.3 118.5 119.8
118.5 119.8 120.3
119.8 120.3 127.4
120.3 127.4 125.1
127.4 125.1 127.6
125.1 127.6 129
127.6 129 124.6
129 124.6 134.1
124.6 134.1 146.5
134.1 146.5 171.2
146.5 171.2 178.6
171.2 178.6 172.2
178.6 172.2 171.5
172.2 171.5 163.6
3
4. Now we would like to work on the above real data set. We have a 20 by 3 matrix. Split
the matrix into two new data sets, first 12 data point as training set and the rest as a
testing set. The following commands are to load the data and specify our training and
testing data:
» load data.txt;
» P=data(1:12,1:2);
» T=data(1:12,3);
» a=data(13:20,1:2);
» s=data(13:20,3);
Subroutine premnmx is used to preprocess the data such that the converted data fall in
range [-1,1]. Note that we need to convert our data into row vectors to be able to apply
premnmx..
» [pn,minp,maxp,tn,mint,maxt]=premnmx(P',T');
» [an,mina,maxa,sn,mins,maxs]=premnmx(a',s');
We would like to create two layers neural net with 5 nodes in hidden layer.
» net=newff(minmax(pn),[5 1],{'tansig','tansig'},'traingdm')
Specify these parameters:
» net.trainParam.epochs=3000;
» net.trainParam.lr=0.3;
» net.trainParam.mc=0.6;
» net=train (net,pn,tn);
After training the network we can simulate our testing data:
P e rfo rm a n c e is 0 .2 2 5 0 5 1 , G o a l is 0
0
10
Tra in in g -B lu e
-1
10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2 54
00 3000
3000 E poc hs
5. » y=sim(net,an)
y=
Columns 1 through 7
-0.4697 -0.4748 -0.4500 -0.3973 0.5257 0.6015 0.5142
Column 8
0.5280
To convert y back to the original scale use the following command:
» t=postmnmx(y’,mins,maxs);
See the results:
» [t s]
ans =
138.9175 124.6000
138.7803 134.1000
139.4506 146.5000
140.8737 171.2000
165.7935 178.6000
167.8394 172.2000
165.4832 171.5000
165.8551 163.6000
» plot(t,'r')
» hold
Current plot held
» plot(s)
» title('Comparison between actual targets and predictions')
C o m p a ris o n b e tw e e n a c tu a l ta rg e ts a n d p re d ic tio n s
180
170
160
150 y
140
x
130
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
6. To calculate mse between actual and predicted values use the following commands:
» d=[t-s].^2;
» mse=mean(d)
mse =
177.5730
To judge our network performance we can also use regression analysis. After post-
processing the predicted values, we can apply the following command:
t» [m,b,r]=postreg(t',s’)
m =
0.5368
b =
68.1723
r =
0.7539
B es t Linear F it: X = (0.537) T + (68.2) D ata P oints
180 X= T
B es t Linear F it
170
160
150
X
140
R = 0.754
130
120
120 130 140 150 160 170 180
T
6
7. RADIAL BASIS NETWORK
NEWRB Design a radial basis network.
Synopsis
net = newrb
[net,tr] = newrb(P,T,GOAL,SPREAD,MN,DF)
Description
Radial basis networks can be used to approximate functions. NEWRB adds neurons to
the hidden layer of a radial basis network until it meets the specified mean squared error
goal.
Consider the same data set we use before. Now we use radial basis network to do an
experiment.
>> net = newrb(P',T',0,3,12,1);
>> Y=sim(net,a')
Y =
150.4579 142.0905 166.3241 167.1528 167.1528 167.1528
167.1528 167.1528
>> d=[Y' s]
d =
150.4579 124.6000
142.0905 134.1000
166.3241 146.5000
167.1528 171.2000
167.1528 178.6000
167.1528 172.2000
167.1528 171.5000
167.1528 163.6000
>> diff=d(:,1)-d(:,2)
diff =
25.8579
7.9905
19.8241
-4.0472
7
8. -11.4472
-5.0472
-4.3472
3.5528
>> mse=mean(diff.^2)
mse =
166.2357
RECURRENT NETWORK
Here we will use Elman network. The Elman network differs from conventional two-
layers network in that the first layer has recurrent connection. Elman networks are two-
layer backpropagation networks, with addition of a feedback connection from the output
of the hidden layer to its input. This feedback path allows Elman networks to recognize
and generate temporal patterns, as well as spatial patterns.
The following is an example of applying Elman networks.
» [an,meana,stda,tn,meant,stdt]=prestd(a',s');
» [pn,meanp,stdp,Tn,meanT,stdT]=prestd(P',T');
» net = newelm(minmax(pn),[6 1],{'tansig',‘logsig'},'traingdm');
» y=sim(net,an);
» x=poststd(y',meant,stdt);
» [x s]
ans =
158.2551 124.6000
158.2079 134.1000
158.3120 146.5000
159.2024 171.2000
165.3899 178.6000
171.6465 172.2000
170.5381 171.5000
169.3573 163.6000
» plot(x)
» hold
Current plot held
» plot(t,'r')
8
9. 180
170
160
150
140
130
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
LVQ networks are used to solve classification problems. Now we use iris data to
implement this technique. Iris data is very popular in data mining or statistics study
where the dimension is 150 by 5. The row is the number of observations and the last
column of the data indicates the class. There are 3 classes in the data.
The following set of commands is to specify our training and testing data:
» load iris.txt
» x=sortrows(iris,2);
» P=x(21:150,1:4);
» T=x(21:150,5);
» a=x(1:20,1:4);
» s=x(1:20,5);
An LVQ network can be created with the function newlvq.
Syntax
net = newlvq(PR,S1,PC,LR,LF)
NET = NEWLVQ(PR,S1,PC,LR,LF) takes these inputs,
PR - Rx2 matrix of min and max values for R input elements.
S1 - Number of hidden neurons.
PC - S2 element vector of typical class percentages.
The dimension depends on the number of classes in our data
set. Each element indicates the percentage of each class.
The percentages must sum to 1.
LR - Learning rate, default = 0.01.
LF - Learning function, default = 'learnlv2'.The
9