The document discusses the future of distributed applications and proposes a container-based model inspired by shipping containers. It argues that just as shipping containers standardized cargo transportation, software containers could standardize distributed applications by encapsulating code and dependencies in lightweight, portable packages. This would make applications easier to develop, deploy and manage across different environments. The document outlines key steps to build this new container ecosystem, including creating standard containers, an open ecosystem around them, and platforms to manage container-based distributed applications.

1. The Future of Distributed Applications
By Julien Barbier, Sr Dir of Growth, Marketing and Community at Docker | julien@docker.com @julienbarbier42

2. Apps Have Fundamentally Changed
~2000 2014
Long lived Development is iterative and constant
Monolithic and built on a single stack Built from loosely coupled components
Deployed to a single server Deployed to a multitude of servers

3. The Problem in 2014: Distributed
Applications
Static website
User DB
Redis + redis-sentinel
Web frontend
Queue Analytics DB
Background workers
API endpoint
nginx 1.5 + modsecurity + openssl + bootstrap 2
postgresql + pgv8 + v8
hadoop + hive + thrift + OpenJDK
Ruby + Rails + sass + Unicorn
Python 3.0 + celery + pyredis + libcurl + ffmpeg + libopencv + nodejs
+ phantomjs
Python 2.7 + Flask + pyredis + celery + psycopg + postgresql-client
Development VM
QA server
Public Cloud
Disaster recovery
Contributor’s laptop
Production Servers
Multiplicity of
Stacks
Multiplicity of
hardware
environments
Production Cluster
Customer Data Center
Do services and
apps interact
appropriately?
Can I migrate
smoothly and
quickly?

4. Goods
Multiplicity of
g
Multipilicity of
methods for
transporting/storin
Do I worry about
how goods interact
(e.g. coffee beans
next to spices)
Can I transport
quickly and smoothly
(e.g. from boat to
train to truck)
An Inspiration…and some really ancient
history: Cargo Transport Pre-1960

5. Multiplicity of
Goods
Multiplicity of
methods for
transporting/storing
Do I worry about
how goods interact
(e.g. coffee beans
next to spices)
Can I transport
quickly and
smoothly
(e.g. from boat to
train to truck)
Solution: Intermodal Shipping Container
Ecosystem
…in between, can be loaded and
unloaded, stacked, transported
efficiently over long distances,
and transferred from one mode
of transport to another
A standard container that is
loaded with virtually any
goods, and stays sealed until
it reaches final delivery.

6. Intermodal Shipping Container Ecosystem
• 90% of all cargo now shipped in a standard container
• Order of magnitude reduction in cost and time to load and unload ships
• Massive reduction in losses due to theft or damage
• Huge reduction in freight cost as percent of final goods (from >25% to <3%)
 massive globalization
• 5000 ships deliver 200M containers per year

7. Let’s create an ecosystem for distributed
applications
Static website User DB Web frontend Queue Analytics DB
Development VM
QA server Public Cloud
Contributor’s laptop
Multiplicity of
Stacks
Multiplicity of
hardware
environments
Customer Data Center Production Cluster
Do services and
apps interact
appropriately?
Can I migrate
smoothly and
quickly
…that can be manipulated using
standard operations and run
consistently on virtually any
hardware platform
An engine that enables any
payload to be encapsulated
as a lightweight, portable,
self-sufficient container…

8. The future of distributed apps: Five Easy
Steps
Create
lightweight
container
Make
containers
standard,
interoperable,
easy to use
Create an
ecosystem
Enable a multi-
Docker app
model
Create a
platform for
managing it all

9. Lightweight container (vs. VMs)
App
A
Bins/
Libs
Hypervisor (Type 2)
Host OS
Server
Bins/
Libs
Guest
OS
App
A’
Guest
OS
App
B
Bins/
Libs
Guest
OS
App A’
Host OS
Server
App A
Bins/Libs
Bins/Libs
App B
App B’
App B’
App B’
VM
Container
Containers are isolated,
but share OS kernel and, where
appropriate, bins/libraries
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
…result is significantly faster
deployment, much less overhead,
easier migration, faster restart

10. A set of slides from IBM: Comparing Docker to VMs
11/20/2014 10

11. Community

12. Ecosystem
Community
680+ Contributors
130+ Meetup on Docker
50M Containers Downloads
16K Projects on GitHub
Repos & 14K+ Dockerized Apps
Support
Enterprise Support
Robust Documentation
Implementation, Integration, Training
Network of Partners
The Docker Platform
Docker Engine
Docker Hub
Build, Ship, and Run
Partners
Content
Users
Official Repos & 50K Dockerized Apps

13. Partner Ecosystem

14. Who is using Docker (and talking about it)?
E-Commerce Media
IT SaaS IaaS
Life Sciences
PaaS
…and thousands of others!
Vertical Search

15. Who is using Docker (and not yet talking)?
Finance Media Pharma/Life Science Intelligence
• Since releasing Docker 1.0 and commercial services in June, there has been a massive
increase in usage and pilots by more traditional enterprises
• 200 new accounts added to pipeline in ~2 months
• Virtually every major large investment bank has a Docker related initiative underway

16. Case Study: New Relic
At-A-Glance
• Application performance
monitoring service
• ~90,000 customers
• Tracks 1+ trillion events / month
Challenges
• 50% more servers in 3 months
• Doubling developer count every year
• Increasing heterogeneity:
4 versions of Ruby
3 different JVMs
5 data stores…
Before Docker
• 7 monolithic apps
• Devs doing own deploys
• One-off custom deploy tools
• Everyone had access to BD secrets
• From dev-to-deploy: weeks
After Docker
• 30+ microservices
• Separation of build from deploy
• Single standardized deploy tool
• Improved security
• From dev-to-deploy: hours

17. Docker Tour de France
• Dec 8th to Dec 22nd
• Paris, Lyon, Nice, Lille, Bordeaux
• Hackathon at Epitech
• VIP Breakfast w French tech
companies and banks
• VIP advanced technical session
• More info:
https://blog.docker.com/2014/11/do
cker-tour-de-france/

18. Learn More
• Contact us: julien@docker.com | @julienbarbier42
• All Videos and Talks from DockerCon: http://bit.ly/1AnvHFz
• Demo of DockerHub: see Ben Golub keynote from DockerCon, http://bit.ly/1xHqUL8 demo
starts at 29:00
• Sign up for a DockerHub account: https://hub.docker.com/
• Security & Isolation: see above, also blog.docker.io
• Use Cases: https://docker.com/resources/usecases/
• Docker project: www.docker.com/
• Follow Docker on Twitter: twitter.com/docker
• Take the Docker interactive tutorial: https://docker.com/tryit/
• Join Docker on IRC: botbot.me/freenode/docker/
• Go to the Docker repository on GitHub: github.com/docker/docker/
• Go to a meetup: https://www.docker.com/community/meetups/