Slides for the afternoon session on "Introduction to Bioinformatics", delivered at the James Hutton Institute, 29th, 20th May and 5th June 2014, by Leighton Pritchard and Peter Cock.
Slides cover introductory guidance and links to resources, theory and use of BLAST tools, and a workshop featuring some common tools and tasks.
An introduction to bioinformatics practices and aims will be given and contrasted against approaches from other fields. Most importantly, it will be discussed how bioinformatics fits into the discovery cycle for hypothesis driven neuroscience research.
An Introduction to Bioinformatics
Drexel University INFO648-900-200915
A Presentation of Health Informatics Group 5
Cecilia Vernes
Joel Abueg
Kadodjomon Yeo
Sharon McDowell Hall
Terrence Hughes
Slides for the afternoon session on "Introduction to Bioinformatics", delivered at the James Hutton Institute, 29th, 20th May and 5th June 2014, by Leighton Pritchard and Peter Cock.
Slides cover introductory guidance and links to resources, theory and use of BLAST tools, and a workshop featuring some common tools and tasks.
An introduction to bioinformatics practices and aims will be given and contrasted against approaches from other fields. Most importantly, it will be discussed how bioinformatics fits into the discovery cycle for hypothesis driven neuroscience research.
An Introduction to Bioinformatics
Drexel University INFO648-900-200915
A Presentation of Health Informatics Group 5
Cecilia Vernes
Joel Abueg
Kadodjomon Yeo
Sharon McDowell Hall
Terrence Hughes
As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret the biological data.
Slides contain information about why bioinformatics appeared,
who bioinformaticians are, what they do, what kind of cool applications and challenges in bioinformatics there are.
Slides were prepared for the Bioinformatics seminar 2016, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu.
Lit Review Talk by Kato Mivule: A Review of Genetic AlgorithmsKato Mivule
Lit Review Talk by Kato Mivule: A Review of Genetic Algorithms and Paper Review: C. H. Ooi and P. Tan, “Genetic algorithms applied to multi-class prediction for the analysis of gene expression data,” Bioinformatics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 37–44, 2003.
Recently, it was reported that the forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor promotes human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
replication via direct binding to the promoters of the major immediate-early (MIE) genes, but how the FoxO factor impacts HCMV
replication remains unknown. In this report, we found that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a beta herpesvirus member, could
dramatically induce the expression of FOXOs in the infected human fibroblasts. The induced FOXOs were recruited into the viral
replication compartments (vRC) in the nucleus, especially at the late stage of infection. Suppression of FOXO expression by RNA
interference significantly inhibited HCMV replication, and the production of progeny virus was reduced remarkably.
Mechanistically, FOXO knockdown intensively crippled viral late gene expression at the transcriptional level, while it only
marginally affected viral DNA synthesis. This study highlights how FoxO enhances HCMV gene transcription and viral replication
to promote productive infection
As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret the biological data.
Slides contain information about why bioinformatics appeared,
who bioinformaticians are, what they do, what kind of cool applications and challenges in bioinformatics there are.
Slides were prepared for the Bioinformatics seminar 2016, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu.
Lit Review Talk by Kato Mivule: A Review of Genetic AlgorithmsKato Mivule
Lit Review Talk by Kato Mivule: A Review of Genetic Algorithms and Paper Review: C. H. Ooi and P. Tan, “Genetic algorithms applied to multi-class prediction for the analysis of gene expression data,” Bioinformatics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 37–44, 2003.
Recently, it was reported that the forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor promotes human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
replication via direct binding to the promoters of the major immediate-early (MIE) genes, but how the FoxO factor impacts HCMV
replication remains unknown. In this report, we found that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a beta herpesvirus member, could
dramatically induce the expression of FOXOs in the infected human fibroblasts. The induced FOXOs were recruited into the viral
replication compartments (vRC) in the nucleus, especially at the late stage of infection. Suppression of FOXO expression by RNA
interference significantly inhibited HCMV replication, and the production of progeny virus was reduced remarkably.
Mechanistically, FOXO knockdown intensively crippled viral late gene expression at the transcriptional level, while it only
marginally affected viral DNA synthesis. This study highlights how FoxO enhances HCMV gene transcription and viral replication
to promote productive infection
The first genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae in 1995.
The E. coli genome was completely sequenced in 1997.
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (12.8 x 106 bp) and worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) genomes were the first eukaryotic genomes to be sequenced in 1999.
Genomes of Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana were sequenced in 2000.
Web Apollo: Lessons learned from community-based biocuration efforts.Monica Munoz-Torres
This presentation tries to highlight the importance and relevance of community-based curation of biological data. It describes the results of harvesting expertise from dispersed researchers assigning functions to predicted and curated peptides, as well as collaborative efforts for standardization of genes and gene product attributes across species and databases.
Collaboratively Creating the Knowledge Graph of LifeChris Mungall
Overview of collaborative projects in the life sciences building out the necessary ontologies, schemas, and knowledge graphs for describing biological knowledge
Sample Prep Solutions for Microbiome ResearchQIAGEN
An accurate molecular analysis of the microbial constituents of a particular community is contingent upon high-yielding and non-biased nucleic acid extraction methodologies. Only by ensuring that all species and classes of microorganisms present in a sample are effectively lysed during extraction will one be able to reliably assess the composition of that sample. An additional challenge faced in nucleic acid extraction is the presence of persistent, co-purifying polymerase inhibitors endogenous to one’s sample. This presentation will focus on nucleic acid extraction tools developed by MO BIO Laboratories that facilitate accurate non-biased community analysis and eliminate common amplification problems via the depletion of endogenous polymerase inhibitors using our patented Inhibitor Removal Technology.
The features of a cloud based analysis platform perceived as most important and valuable change over an organization's life. Early stage companies need a relentless focus on agility and time to result. Later stage organizations focus on things like compliance, information security, integration into an enterprise strategy, and marginal cost. This talk will cover the journey from using a platform in early stage research through to using that same platform in manufacturing or the clinic.
Production Bioinformatics, emphasis on ProductionChris Dwan
Production bioinformatics at Sema4 can be thought of as data ops - a peer to the lab ops organization. We operate 24/7 to deliver correct and timely results on NGS and other data for thousands of samples per week. This deck introduces the Prod BI organization and systems architecture with a focus on what it takes to run bioinformatics in production rather than for R&D or pure research.
Training delivered in 2009 for a compute cluster customer in Calcutta, India. I honestly have no idea what I was thinking. There is no possible audience who would have been pleased with this talk.
No Free Lunch: Metadata in the life sciencesChris Dwan
This presentation covers some challenges and makes suggestions to support the work of creating flexible, interoperable data systems for the life sciences.
A response from Newport Construction to the city of Somerville's demand that we be compensated for the improper destruction of our trees.
In which they respond: "No."
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.