This document presents an intervention material for teaching students how to calculate energy usage in Science 9. It includes guides, activities, assessments, and enrichment materials on the topic. The guide defines key terms like power, voltage, current, and energy. It presents the formulas for calculating power, energy used, and cost. Sample problems demonstrate how to use the formulas. The activity card asks students to calculate energy usage and cost for various appliances. The assessment card contains practice problems. The enrichment card provides additional challenge problems and energy saving tips. References are also included.
Session for State Resource Centres for Women to understand and identify entry points for doing Gender Budgeting in the changed fiscal scenario in India
Gender and Development focuses on social, economic, political and cultural forces that determine how differently men and women participate in, benefit from, and control the recourses and activities. Also focuses on the socially determined relations between men and women.
Here's a sample Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) that you can use as a guide in making one of your own. If you're an educator, then this SIM will be of great help in your daily teaching. This brings out the fun in learning! :)
How can I improve the class interaction with my students in English? Jc's act...Juan Reyes Jc
Students love English in the school, they enjoy doing oral presentations about their interests, they like singing or playing games, however, they don’t use English to ask requests, ask for information or express their feelings using this foreign language.
Hypothesis:
Students don’t ask questions in the English class due to the fact that they feel shy to make mistakes in front to the class and also because they don’t have the habit of speaking in the foreign language naturally.
Why Do We Ignore Risk in Power Economics?Sean Meyn
My personal view of US energy policy, and how we can better incentivize innovation.
Sustainability Lecture delivered November 25th.
Sustainability Science Centre
The Natural History Museum of Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 3. floor,
DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
The Friends of NELHA presented a 3 part workshop called Energy Efficiency and Auditing Workshop in Hawaii. This slideshow presentation by Dr. Roderick Hinman is the first section which discusses what electricity is, how it is measured, and how you can measure the electrical loads of each appliance in your home to make decisions that can save on your home electric bill.
Session for State Resource Centres for Women to understand and identify entry points for doing Gender Budgeting in the changed fiscal scenario in India
Gender and Development focuses on social, economic, political and cultural forces that determine how differently men and women participate in, benefit from, and control the recourses and activities. Also focuses on the socially determined relations between men and women.
Here's a sample Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) that you can use as a guide in making one of your own. If you're an educator, then this SIM will be of great help in your daily teaching. This brings out the fun in learning! :)
How can I improve the class interaction with my students in English? Jc's act...Juan Reyes Jc
Students love English in the school, they enjoy doing oral presentations about their interests, they like singing or playing games, however, they don’t use English to ask requests, ask for information or express their feelings using this foreign language.
Hypothesis:
Students don’t ask questions in the English class due to the fact that they feel shy to make mistakes in front to the class and also because they don’t have the habit of speaking in the foreign language naturally.
Why Do We Ignore Risk in Power Economics?Sean Meyn
My personal view of US energy policy, and how we can better incentivize innovation.
Sustainability Lecture delivered November 25th.
Sustainability Science Centre
The Natural History Museum of Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 3. floor,
DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
The Friends of NELHA presented a 3 part workshop called Energy Efficiency and Auditing Workshop in Hawaii. This slideshow presentation by Dr. Roderick Hinman is the first section which discusses what electricity is, how it is measured, and how you can measure the electrical loads of each appliance in your home to make decisions that can save on your home electric bill.
The energy efficient load is considered as an important tool for efficient management of available
electrical energy in Nigeria because it allows electricity utility to meet the power demand of many consumers
with little or no increase in power supply generation. This paper discusses the technical and economic benefit of
using energy efficient load for electrical services design considering a four-bedroom apartment in Nigeria as a
case study. Load analysis and evaluation were carried out using both conventional load and energy efficient load
for electrical services. The technical benefits were determined by calculating the total energy demand, apparent
power and current drawn by the four-bedroom apartment. Apparent power and current are important tools to
determine Transformer capacity, Cable capacity and Generator capacity for the apartment. The economic
benefits were determined by calculating the daily energy consumption by the four-bedroom apartment and this
is a great tool in computing the daily cost of electricity by the apartment. The result shows that 41.26% of total
energy demand is saved and 32.96% of daily energy consumption is saved if the energy efficient loads were
used as an alternative to conventional load for that four-bedroom apartment.
Chapter 6 Electricity and MagnetismWhat is ElectricityWh.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 6:
Electricity and Magnetism
What is Electricity?
What is Electric Current? Amps? Voltage?
How is your electric bill calculated?
What is a Superconductor?
What are Magnets? What are Electromagnets?
Why is Iron attracted to a Magnet?
What is a Motor? What is a Generator?
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
1
Chapter 6A:
What is Electricity?
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
2
Electric Charge
Electric Charge measures the strength of an object’s attractions and repulsions to other Charged objects
Like Charges repel, and opposite Charges attract
Electrons have a Negative Charge
Protons have a Positive Charge
http://physics.tutorvista.com/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-charge.html
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
3
Electric Charge
Electrons and Protons therefore attract—this is why atoms form
Neutrons have no Charge. This is why they don’t matter much for most processes, and different Isotopes are still considered to be the same Element
http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfadd/1160/Ch17/ElChrg.html
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
4
Electric Charge
Recall: Protons and Neutrons are made of Quarks, but Electrons cannot be divided into smaller parts
The two most common Quarks are called Up and Down Quarks.
Up charge is +2/3
Down charge is -1/3
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
5
Proton: +2/3+2/3-1/3=+1
Neutron: +2/3-1/3-1/3=0
Electricity
Electricity refers to the movement of Charged objects (usually Electrons)
Electrons are very light and sometimes mobile, and they carry a lot of charge (-1 per Electron)
Think of Electricity in analogy with flowing water
Although Charge can be stationary (like a puddle or lake), it can also flow in currents (like a river or water flowing through a pipe)
https://pixabay.com/en/danger-electric-faucet-electricity-153065/
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
6
Electric Current
Flowing Charge is therefore called “Current”
Just as water current could be measured in Gallons per Second, Electric current is measured in Electric Charge per second (called Amps).
http://spendergast.blogspot.com/2014/04/quantum-measurement-of-current-one.html
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
7
Electric Current
Just as water can flow through pipes, Electrons can flow through metal wires
Metals are “Electrical Conductors” because they have Electrons that can be easily detached from their atoms, so that they can flow and form Currents.
http://sciencepedagogics.pbworks.com/w/page/69837960/Physics%20II%20-%20ELECTRIC%20CIRCUITS
9/28/2016
Prof. Michael Opferman | Temple University | Phys 0847
8
Voltage
Electricity also has a second property called Voltage, which is related to the Energy of the Electrons that are flowing
This is analogous to measuring the strength of a water current
T ...
Highlights:
* Describes the performance of the network of a future residential area, the Meekspolder.
* Investigates feasible level of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic systems and micro-CHP plants.
* Examines possible overload situations.
* Shows that transformer overloads will occur when electric heat pumps and electric vehicles are introduced together.
* Suggests that DSM could mitigate the overload.
A Study on Energy Audit of a Cold StorageIJERA Editor
Energy consumption of a cold storage was measured for different storage temperatures. Suction temperature and pressure temperature of the compressor and working time of the compressor were determined to reach evaporator set up temperatures. An axial fan located back of the evaporator was used to distribute the cooled air into the cold store. An electrical heater was used to defrost. The compressor suction temperatures and discharge temperatures varied between 1.80 C - 070 C and 270 C - 350 C respectively. Condenser output temperature is varies 40 C - 100 C. Compressor suction pressure (p1) = 3.5 Kg/cm2 and discharge pressure (p2) = 10.5 Kg/cm2.
Getting of Electric Power for Pyroelectricitytheijes
This work presents a technique to produce electrical energy, this technique is called pyroelectricity. In order to produce the electric energy through pyroelectricity, it is necessary to know the electrocaloric phenomenon called pyroelectric effect, which uses as a medium that produces the electric energy to a material called ceramics PZT- 4 that acts as a pyroelectric generator, used by its temperature of critical use and by its operating temperature.
Climate change and global warming are the most discussed debates, and energy crisis is one formidable topics. It is essential to introduce the practicality of this crisis through a simple exercise – the energy audit at school.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
2. JOHN FLORENTINO E. ECHON
Proponent, Taltal National High School
LENIE N. ELAMPARO, Ed. D.
Principal II, Taltal National High School
A Strategic Intervention Material
in Science 9
APRIL 2016
5. Calculating Energy Use
• Do you know that you can calculate your electric bill? But before that, let us know the basis for calculating
your electric bill. One of the factors to be consider is the power rating of your appliance. By the way, what
is power? You learned in Grade 8 the three electrical basic quantities which are current, voltage, and
resistance. Multiplying the voltage and current is equal to power. For instance, the power rating of an
appliance depends on both the voltage and current.
The formula in finding power (in watts) is written below.
P = VI
where: P = Power (Watts)
V = Voltage (Volts)
I = Current (Amperes)
For example, an electric fan draws 5-A current from a 220-V outlet, its powerinput is 1,100 W. For
one appliance, the power rating is large in number, so the unit used for combined power rating in
a household is in kilowatt (kW) which is equal to 1000 watts.
JOHN FLORENTINO E. ECHON, TNHS
6. All of the appliances in a household may have a combined power rating, that is why, energy is usually computed based
on the time of usage of the appliances. To get the total energy used by an appliance in an hour, multiply the power
consumption by the one hour as in the formula below:
E = Pt
where: E = Energy used (kWh)
P = Power, (W)
T = Time (s)
The unit of measurement for energy usage is kilowatt-hour (kWh) which is one kilowatt of power for a period of one
hour. To find how much energy you used in one month, your last month’s reading is subtracted from the total.
2. How much does it cost to operate a 400 W television for 8
hours if electrical energy costs 6.88 pesos per kWh (includes
both generation and distribution
charges - Meralco rate as of January, 2014) ?
Find: cost to operate
E = Pt
= (0.400 kW)(8 h)
E = 3.2 kWh
Cost = (3.2 kWh) (6.88 pesos/kWh)
= 22.02 pesos
2. How much does it cost to operate a 400 W television for 8 hours if
electrical energy costs 6.88 pesos per kWh (includes both generation
and distribution
charges - Meralco rate as of January, 2014) ?
Find: cost to operate
E = Pt
= (0.400 kW)(8 h)
E = 3.2 kWh
Cost = (3.2 kWh) (6.88 pesos/kWh)
= 22.02 pesos
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
JOHN FLORENTINO E. ECHON, TNHS
8. Complete
me!
Appliances Kilowatts (kW) # of hours Energy Usage
Cost
(6.88
pesos/kWh)
Television 10 18
Refrigerator 15 10
Flat Iron 3 9
Electric fan 5 15
Washing
Machine
5 17
JOHN FLORENTINO E. ECHON, TNHS
10. Calculate!
1. Last month, Ms. Alcantara’s electric meter reads 8765
kWh. How much will she pay for power generation if
the charge of electric company per kWh is 6.88 pesos
and her electric meter reads 9975 this month?
2. Jaypeth paid ₱1250.00 for electric bill. How much
energy (in kWh) is consumed if the electric company
charges ₱6.88/kWh?
JOHN FLORENTINO E. ECHON, TNHS
12. • If a 100 W light bulb is lit for 8 hours each day for 20 days in a month.
How many kilowatt-hours will the bulb consume?
• Give atleast five energy saving tips for each of the following appliances below:
1. Television
2. Refrigerator
3. Washing Machine
JOHN FLORENTINO E. ECHON, TNHS
