Internet of Things
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This document discusses the educational potential of the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with an overview of what IoT is and provides some background on its history. Examples of current IoT applications are described, such as smart homes and cities. The document outlines some ways IoT could benefit education, such as passive personalization of learning environments and increased immersion. Key IoT technologies like connected appliances, NFC/RFID tags, and beacons are explained. An example of using beacons at Sheffield Hallam University is presented. Challenges and ethical issues of IoT are raised. Useful resources on IoT are provided.
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Internet of Things
- 1. Exploring the Educational Potential of the Internet of Things Dr. Ian Glover, Senior Lecturer in Digital Capability, Sheffield Hallam University i.glover@shu.ac.uk
- 2. Session Overview ▸What is the IoT (brief history) ▸Why is it important? ▸Current examples ▸Relevance to education ▸Ethical issues
- 3. What is it? The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to devices and sensors that are able to communicate directly with other devices using internet technologies. Data is transmitted between devices / sensors, processed and acted upon, usually resulting in changes to some (other) devices, often without human intervention.
- 5. Background - History to Future ▸ Terms: Internet of Everything, Network of Everything, Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, Mesh Networks ▸ Represents ideas that have existed since the start of the web. ▸ Technology Advances ▹ Closed to Open Systems ▹ New Protocols (TCP/IPv6, Bluetooth LE) ▹ Cheaper hardware & sensors Increasingly electronic devices are being developed with multiple sensors in them.
- 6. Why is it important? ▸ A growing trend ▹ UK Government’s 2015 Budget ▹ NMC 2015 Horizon Report ▹ Specialist degree courses, e.g. Staffordshire University, WIT ▹ Growth of the ‘Maker’ and ‘Maker Movement’ ▹ >26 Billion connected devices by 2020 (Gartner, 2014) ▹ By 2020 all Samsung hardware will be IoT-ready (Samsung, 2015) ▹ GE opening IoT incubator in Paris in a few weeks ▸ Huge disruptive potential ▹ Changing how we interact with devices ▹ Altering our environment algorithmically ▹ Represents a move from all-purpose devices, to single purpose ones + integration software
- 7. Examples - Everyday Life ▸ Fitness/Personal Analytics (Quantified Self) Wearables + IoT = powerful ▸ Self-automation - IFTTT, Zapier ▸ Cars - wireless control systems ▸ Weather monitoring - Smart Citizen ▸ Smart homes - Nest thermostat ▸ Smart cities - smart road signs
- 8. Value in Education ▸ Passive Personalisation ▹ Environments can adapt automatically to activity and preferences (e.g. study efficiently) ▸ Increased Immersion ▹ Offers new ways to interact with and within spaces (Hypersituating). ▹ ‘Classroom without walls.’ ▸ New Interactions ▹ Can create interactions between objects, based on many data sources
- 10. Connected Appliances are consumer devices that are able to communicate their status when requested by other devices, and/or can have their settings modified by others. Potential Use: A control hub in a classroom uses infrared sensors to identify the type and location of activity in the room and adjusts the lights and temperature accordingly. Examples - Connected Appliances
- 11. Examples - Connected Appliances The (clichéd) Smart Fridge (e.g. LG’s Smart ThinQ) App-controlled kettle (e.g. iKettle) Mood Lighting (e.g. Philips’ Hue) App-controlled Boiler (e.g. British Gas’ Hive) Connected Buttons (e.g. Amazon’s Dash, flic, bttn)
- 13. Examples - NFC/RFID tags Passive chips containing small amounts of data, read by tapping with a smartphone or dedicated reader device. Potential Use: Interactive objects - tags attached to objects allow learners to launch an app to interact with relevant resources by tapping with a smartphone / tablet.
- 14. Embedded in poster (access event info, staff details) Location-based activities (e.g. museum) Attendance/punctuality checking Locate books in library Other Examples Contactless payment / keys Car parking tokens Bluetooth music systems ePassports Examples - NFC/RFID tags
- 15. Examples - Beacon Actively broadcasts its existence to devices within range, generally using Bluetooth. Apps launch a feature or display content when within the proximity of a known beacon, or use to triangulate their location indoors. Easily added to an existing environment. Potential Use: Hyper-Situated Learning - short-range beacons launch materials to provide scenarios and hands-on materials for using a variety of specialist workstations (labs, museums).
- 16. Treasure hunts Attendance monitoring Location specific messaging Important announcements Other Examples Entertainment venue promotions Timetable information at bus stops Advertising products in shops Indoor positioning Examples - Beacon
- 17. Example - Beacons at SHU Graphic Design moving to new accommodation in Jan. 2016 Large studio space divided into 3 activity zones Students wanted more opportunities to share with peers and interact with tutors Beacons used to connect the physical space with relevant virtual spaces
- 19. Example - Beacons at SHU Evaluation results Students ● ‘Increased sense of community among peers’ ● ‘More sources of inspiration from shared resources’ ● ‘Gained a better understanding of their tutors and what it means to be a graphic designer’ ● ‘Developed further understanding of different workflows and design process’ Staff ● ‘Change in practice’ ● ‘Looking for new ways to mesh the physical space with a digital layer’ Find out more at: http://go.nmc.org/beacproj
- 20. Are there any other examples that you know about and want to share?
- 22. Challenges / Concerns Ethical concerns ▸ Equity (social- economic divides) ▸ Privacy and Trust ▸ Human redundancy ▸ Wider Knowledge vs Less Depth ▸ Empowerment vs Disempowerment Technical issues ▸ Security (cars, baby monitors) ▸ Need for standards ▸ Large-scale rollout ▸ Different standards Anything else: discuss in groups, tweets
- 23. Summary ▸ IoT has potential to transform the way technology works for us ▹ including in Education ▸ The technology is already with us: ▹ we need to start talking about how we can harness it ▹ we need to think about the ethics and privacy issues around its use ▹ we should try out the tech in our contexts
- 24. Useful Links Nesta: Design and the IoT http://www.nesta.org.uk/node/7 56 Internet of Things Consortium http://iofthings.org/ If This Then That http://www.ifttt.com Eddystone beacon info http://arstechnica.com/g adgets/2015/07/meet- googles-eddystone-a- flexible-open-source- ibeacon-fighter/
- 26. Beacons Demystified [video] https://vimeo.com/99382488 European Research Cluster on IoT http://www.internet-of-things- research.eu Internet of School Things http://iotschool.org/ Windows 10 IoT edition for Raspberry Pi https://www.raspberrypi .org/blog/windows-10- for-iot/ Raspberry Pi iBeacon guide: https://learn.adafruit.co m/downloads/pdf/pibea con-ibeacon-with-a- raspberry-pi.pdf Useful Links
- 27. References Gartner. (2014). Gartner Says 4.9 Billion Connected "Things" Will Be in Use in 2015. Available Online: http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2905717. HM Treasury. (2015). Budget 2015. Available online: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/u ploads/attachment_data/file/416330/47881_Budget _2015_Web_Accessible.pdf. New Media Consortium. (2015). Horizon Report 2015 – Higher Education Edition. Available online: http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2015-nmc-horizon-report- HE-EN.pdf.
Editor's Notes
- In this workshop, participants will have the opportunity to learn more about innovations related to the IoT, including examples of current practice in the field. The workshop offers the opportunity to consider and discuss how the IoT relates to education, how it could be used to support learning experiences, and what the learning technology community can do to adopt it and steer its development. looked at pracical end results, trying to think about the benefits, outcome not the process. trying to take a pragmatic approach, not about analytics not about gathering data. focus on
- The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to data connections between distributed physical devices, such as thermometers, light sensors, thermostats and lightbulbs. Data from sensors in some of these devices is transmitted to others where it is processed and acted upon without direct human intervention, for example, motion sensors in a room could detect the level and location of activity within a room and adjust lighting and heating accordingly. Similarly, the use of Near-Field Communication (NFC) devices and ‘beacons’ can be used to monitor attendance, present resources or run software on a smartphone or tablet once it is in range – thereby creating tailored technology-enhanced locations within a learning space, such as a presentation area, a research zone, and a discussion zone with each area proving the necessary tools automatically. devices talking to each other, without human intervention. definitions often refer to the idea of ‘smart’ devices and Connected devices. Offering new possibilities.
- Increasingly electronic devices are being developed with multiple sensors in them.
- physical webdri M2M learning is a subset of IoT. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things The term “Internet of Things” was coined by British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton in 1999.[11] http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/iot/introduction_to_IoT_november.pdf IPv6 could give 100 IP addresses for every atom of the earth’s surface http://www.samsung.com/uk/news/local/the-internet-of-things-needs-openness-and-industry-collaboration-to-succeed-says-samsung-electronics-ceo-bk-yoon When TCP/IPv6 launched in 2006, the new network expanded the capabilities of the Internet and enabled objects, sensors, and devices to be addressable and communicate across the Internet. used to be computers that were connected to the Internet. But now we can connect with phones.
- The IoT has been identified as an important area for innovation and economic growth by both government and the education sector (New Media Consortium, 2015, p.46-47), with the UK government’s annual Budget for 2015 directly allocating millions of pounds in investment to make the UK a world leader in the area (HM Treasury, 2015, p. 50). However, despite this level of support, there has so far been little in the way of concrete developments related to the use of the IoT to enhance learning. Indeed, Gartner (Gartner, 2014) suggests that the general consumer market is beginning to adopt the IoT through interconnected devices (e.g. Nest ‘intelligent thermostat’, http://nest.com), and online tools to process IoT-sourced data (e.g. IFTTT, https://ifttt.com/), and that the educational community should learn from these developments and adapt them to its own agenda. However, as a fledgling area, the educational technology community has a great opportunity to help drive the direction of development of this technology by embracing it and innovating. If not, it runs the risk of following the same path as Augmented Reality – an engaging technology with significant educational potential that has been effectively claimed for marketing and so lost much of its appeal as a learning tool. WIT = Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
- Quantified Self 'Worried well' Doctors are reporting huge rises in the “worried well” – healthy patients who, fuelled by Google and Wikipedia searches, are diagnosing themselves with everything from food allergies to brain tumours. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/diet/10977877/Are-you-one-of-the-rising-numbers-of-the-worried-well.html Misfit shine crowdfunded Wireless activity monitor, tracks cycling, swimming not just steps. https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/misfit-shine-an-elegant-wireless-activity-tracker#/ Wearables - Human Cloud at Work - 2014 study, showed mild increase in productivity and job satisfaction when people had to wear a brain-band or other wearable at work. More focused or more oppressed? https://www.scribd.com/doc/226719063/Onderzoek-Human-Cloud-at-Work possibly a good way to put this into context http://www.whistle.com/ (dog) bear with glasses - http://e27.co/internet-things-becomes-quantified-self/ nike examples: http://blackfin360.com/2014/07/21/wearables-the-quantified-self-movement/ cars - shutting down remotely smart cities - http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/city-collaborative-how-can-city-think-better smart homes - no more worrying about whether you left your iron on when you leave the iron on in the morning.
- ‘Classroom without walls.’ - trading room, MOOCs, richer learning environments What does it mean to be Immersed in an Environment of Continually connected things. http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/blog/entry/the-future-of-elearning-not-as-we-know-it#http://www.nesta.org.uk/news/2015-predictions/internet-everything-coming-neighbourhood-near-you study efficiently heart race increases when I do maths, device tells me to calm down http://horizon.wiki.nmc.org/The+Internet+of+Things Hypersituating - Hypersituating is the ability to amplify knowledge based on the user’s location. In other words, learners that carry connected devices with them can benefit from a host of interdisciplinary information that is pushed to them from their surroundings. For instance, a learner exploring a city with a rich historical past can explore their environment through an architectural, political, or biological lens, depending on how the surroundings are equipped. IoT can also create an environment where learners are informed by crowdsourced contributions and observations from the community via networked objects. http://www.ictliteracy.info/rf.pdf/Horizon-report-2015.pdf classroom without walls - “It can make the virtual experiences we have been struggling to make real in the classroom literally real, creating a much more impactful, engaged learning process.” http://horizon.wiki.nmc.org/The+Internet+of+Things
- original ideas ‘uninspired ’i.e. with the fridge, kettle and toaster example. http://www.lg.com/us/discover/smartthinq/thinq http://www.lg.com/us/refrigerators/lg-LFX31995ST-french-3-door-refrigerator
- location based information programme to do multiple things can provide personalised information. research poster - send out email to you with the research paper and a copy of data, sends a tweet to tell followers you viewed it, adds, adds contact details so you can follow up (on twitter send email), sends . Also use it in the dark! Enter classroom, scan a tag, get all course notes, activities, record attendance, Benefits: Easy to Set Up, Cheap Challenges: Compatibility across devices Farzana will do this one will provide a live example and auto tweet. supports situated learning - instant faster than scanning a QR code or connecting via Bluetooth (it can also do more, e.g. launch apps, start interactions, etc.) Compatibility challenge: Apple uses NFC for ApplePay, but prevents the hardware in iPhones/etc. from working with other types of NFC tags? https://www.jisc.ac.uk/news/qa-how-can-i-use-nfc-to-engage-my-students-05-dec-2013 Q&A: How can I use NFC to engage my students? “Educators in many subject areas are now experimenting with this technology in collaborative, location-based learning activities” Link above provides some examples of use including: emdedding in posters, record attendance and punctuality, access information about activities taking place, supply information to students about the university. Museum, access context specific information Images used: http://core0.staticworld.net/images/article/2014/06/nfc_lead_image-100312903-primary.idge.jpg
- https://www.jisc.ac.uk/news/qa-how-can-i-use-nfc-to-engage-my-students-05-dec-2013 Q&A: How can I use NFC to engage my students? “Educators in many subject areas are now experimenting with this technology in collaborative, location-based learning activities” Link above provides some examples of use including: emdedding in posters, record attendance and punctuality, access information about activities taking place, supply information to students about the university. Museum, access context specific information
- http://www.slideshare.net/ValaAfshar/9381-16usesofbeaconsinedu-v3 managed laptops/ipads - restrict access to software based on location. googd if have sensitive information and ordianrily students arent allow to use devices.
- http://travelinlibrarian.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dilber-Quantified-Self.gif talked about the value and possible uses. Wouldn’t be doing this justice if we didn’t consider the challenges and concerns. take a look at this cartoon. example of when the quantified self is being used by others. So who should have access to data about us? Is it even secure? What value are we getting.
- Equity Babolat smart racket, analyses how you play tennis http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10827869/Smart-tennis-racquet-records-spin-shots-and-power-in-time-for-Wimbledon.html If you cant afford devices like these will you be able to afford to compete? Will this create a wider digital divide. privacy - what is being collected baby monitors hacked http://www.computerworld.com/article/2913356/cybercrime-hacking/2-more-wireless-baby-monitors-hacked-hackers-remotely-spied-on-babies-and-parents.html The Shallow http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/aug/20/internet-altering-your-mind http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Shallows-Internet-Changing-Remember/dp/1848872275 Empowerment as our devices get more clever or less dumb do we begin to lose our intelligence. as our devices start to help us manage This Sci fi book considers implication for a connected world. Fridge decides you dont. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Gridlinked-Agent-Cormac-Neal-Asher/dp/0330512544 As these things communicating and we start relying on them, are they going to start controlling how we see things. Google bubble, we didn’t know this was happening until people started to see Other potential issues, not considered: cloud, is there enough space? are there enough ip addresses? what happens when devices become outdated.
- ikettle - http://www.amazon.co.uk/iKettle-Wi-Fi-Electric-Kettle-2400W/dp/B00BHXAWX4 e-cigs example: a smart e-cig could monitor
- Gartner. (2014). Gartner Says 4.9 Billion Connected "Things" Will Be in Use in 2015. Available Online: http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2905717. Last Accessed 20/03/2015. HM Treasury. (2015). Budget 2015. Available online: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416330/47881_Budget_2015_Web_Accessible.pdf. Last Accessed 30/03/2015. New Media Consortium. (2015). Horizon Report 2015 – Higher Education Edition. Available online: http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2015-nmc-horizon-report-HE-EN.pdf. Last Accessed 30/03/2015