The document discusses the challenges of Internet of Things (IoT). It describes IoT as physical objects embedded with sensors, software and technologies to connect and exchange data over the internet. The number of connected IoT devices is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Some key challenges of IoT include lack of encryption on many devices, limited computing/storage capabilities making devices vulnerable, and manufacturers prioritizing speed to market over security. As more everyday objects become connected, ensuring the security of IoT devices and protecting user data will remain an important challenge.

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4. The Internet of Things (IoT)
describes the network of physical
objects—“things”—that are
embedded with sensors, software,
and other technologies for the
purpose of connecting and
exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the
internet. These devices range from
ordinary household objects to
sophisticated industrial tools. With
more than 7 billion connected IoT
devices today, experts are
expecting this number to grow to
10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion
by 2025.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnectivity
of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other
items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and
connectivity, enabling these objects to connect and
exchange data. The IoT concept involves extending
Internet connectivity beyond traditional devices like
desktop and laptop computers, smartphones, and tablets
to a diverse range of instruments and everyday things. The
ultimate goal of IoT is to offer advanced connectivity of
devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-
to-machine communications and covers a variety of
protocols, domains, and applications.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown to be a large part of
how humans live, communicate and do business. All
across the world, web-enabled devices are turning our
global rights into a greater switched-on area to live in.
There are various types of challenges in front of IoT.
What is IoT?

5. challenges
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changing-elearning-6-ways
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6. Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies of the
21st century. Now that we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances, cars,
thermostats, baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless
communication is possible between people, processes, and things.
By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies,
physical things can share and collect data with minimal human intervention. In this
hyperconnected world, digital systems can record, monitor, and adjust each interaction
between connected things. The physical world meets the digital world—and they
cooperate.
Why is Internet of Things (IoT) so important?

7. What technologies have made IoT possible?
While the idea of IoT has been in existence for a long time, a collection of recent advances in a
number of different technologies has made it practical.
•Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology. Affordable and reliable sensors are making IoT
technology possible for more manufacturers.
•Connectivity. A host of network protocols for the internet has made it easy to connect sensors to
the cloud and to other “things” for efficient data transfer.
•Cloud computing platforms. The increase in the availability of cloud platforms enables both
businesses and consumers to access the infrastructure they need to scale up without actually
having to manage it all.
•Machine learning and analytics. With advances in machine learning and analytics, along with
access to varied and vast amounts of data stored in the cloud, businesses can gather insights faster
and more easily. The emergence of these allied technologies continues to push the boundaries of
IoT and the data produced by IoT also feeds these technologies.
•Conversational artificial intelligence (AI). Advances in neural networks have brought natural-
language processing (NLP) to IoT devices (such as digital personal assistants Alexa, Cortana, and
Siri) and made them appealing, affordable, and viable for home use.

8. What You Should Know About IoT In The Education
Industry
Now the time has come. You must go through these
fantastic six things about the Internet of Things in the
education industry.

9. IoT devices such as intelligent whiteboards, tablets, and laptops can facilitate real-time
communication and collaboration between teachers and students, as well as between
students themselves. For example, a teacher could use an intelligent whiteboard to
present material to the class. Students could use their tablets to ask questions, share
ideas, or collaborate on group projects. This technology can make it easier for teachers
to connect with their students and for students to work together, regardless of their
location. It can also help to break down geographical barriers, allowing students from
different parts of the world to connect and collaborate in real time. To create software
using IoT, you must hire mobile application development services.
1. Improved Communication And Collaboration

10. With IoT devices, teachers and administrators can collect data about a student's
learning style, progress, and areas of difficulty. This information can be used to create
customized lesson plans and learning experiences tailored to each student's individual
needs. For example, a student struggling with a particular concept might be provided
with additional resources and support to help them better understand the material. On
the other hand, a student who is excelling in a subject might be challenged with more
advanced content to help them continue to grow and develop. Overall, personalized
learning can help ensure that each student receives the support and guidance they
need to succeed in their studies. It can also help to engage and motivate students by
providing them with learning experiences that are relevant and meaningful to their
needs and interests.
2. Personalized Learning

11. With IoT devices, such as interactive whiteboards and tablets, teachers can create
more engaging and interactive lessons that keep students interested and motivated.
For example, a teacher might use an interactive whiteboard to present multimedia
content, such as videos and graphics, to help illustrate a concept. Students can then
use tablets or other devices to respond to questions, participate in discussions, or
complete interactive activities related to the lesson. eLearning solutions with IoT
technologies can also facilitate collaboration and communication between students,
allowing them to collaborate on projects and share ideas and resources in real time.
It can help create a more dynamic and engaging learning environment conducive to
active learning and problem-solving. Overall, using IoT technologies in the
classroom can help increase student engagement and participation, leading to
better learning outcomes and a more positive learning experience.
3. Enhanced Classroom Engagement

12. With IoT systems, teachers and administrators can more efficiently monitor and manage
classroom resources, such as textbooks and materials. For example, an IoT school
management solution can track the use and availability of books and other materials,
alerting teachers when supplies need replenishment. It can help ensure that students
have the resources they need to succeed and can reduce waste by eliminating the need
for unnecessary duplication of materials. In addition, IoT technologies can monitor and
manage school facilities and equipment, such as classrooms, laboratories, and athletic
facilities. It can help optimize these resources' use and ensure they are efficient and
effective. Overall, using IoT systems in the education industry can help improve resource
management, leading to cost savings and more efficient and effective use of resources.
4. Improved Resource Management

13. With IoT devices, schools can monitor and secure their buildings, grounds, and buses,
helping to ensure the safety and well-being of students and staff. For example, IoT-enabled
security cameras can monitor school grounds and buildings, alerting authorities to potential
threats or suspicious activity. Similarly, IoT-enabled GPS tracking systems can monitor the
location and movement of school buses, helping to ensure the safety of students as they
travel to and from school. IoT technologies can also monitor and control access to school
buildings, using smart locks and other security systems to restrict access to authorized
personnel only. As a result, it can help to prevent unauthorized access and protect against
potential threats. Overall, using IoT technologies in the education industry can help enhance
safety and security, providing schools with the tools they need to protect their students and
staff.
5. Enhanced Safety And Security

14. With IoT systems, teachers and administrators can streamline many administrative tasks
that take up their time, such as attendance tracking and grading. It can free up more time
for teaching and learning and allow educators to focus on the core functions of their job.
For example, an IoT system to automate attendance tracking eliminates teachers' need to
take attendance every day manually. Similarly, an IoT system to grade assignments and
exams reduces the time and effort required to provide feedback to students. IoT
technologies can automate other administrative tasks, such as scheduling and
communication. It can help improve the education system's overall efficiency by reducing
the time and effort required to complete routine tasks. Overall, using IoT systems in the
education industry can help increase efficiency, allowing educators to focus on teaching
and learning and providing students with a more effective and efficient learning
experience.
6. Increased Efficiency

15. Although encryption is a great way to prevent hackers from accessing data, it is also one of
the leading IoT security challenges.
These drives like the storage and processing capabilities that would be found on a
traditional computer.
The result is an increase in attacks where hackers can easily manipulate the algorithms that
were designed for protection.
Lack of encryption –

16. With the increase in the number of IoT(internet of things) devices, IoT manufacturers are
more eager to produce and deliver their device as fast as they can without giving
security too much of although.
Most of these devices and IoT products do not get enough testing and updates and are
prone to hackers and other security issues.
Insufficient testing and updating –

17. Weak credentials and login details leave nearly all IoT devices vulnerable to
password hacking and brute force.
Any company that uses factory default credentials on their devices is placing both
their business and its assets and the customer and their valuable information at risk
of being susceptible to a brute force attack.
Brute forcing and the risk of default passwords –

18. Increases with increase in devices.
Ransomware uses encryption to effectively lock out users from various devices and
platforms and still use a user’s valuable data and info.
Example –
A hacker can hijack a computer camera and take pictures.
By using malware access points, the hackers can demand ransom to unlock the device and
return the data.
IoT Malware and ransomware –

19. IoT botnet workers can manipulate data privacy, which could be massive risks for an open
Crypto market. The exact value and creation of cryptocurrencies code face danger from mal-
intentioned hackers.
The blockchain companies are trying to boost security. Blockchain technology itself is not
particularly vulnerable, but the app development process is.
IoT botnet aiming at cryptocurrency –

20. Inadequate device security refers to the lack of proper measures to protect electronic
devices such as computers, smartphones, and IoT devices from cyber attacks,
hacking, data theft, and unauthorized access. This can happen due to outdated
software, weak passwords, unpatched vulnerabilities, lack of encryption, and other
security risks. It is important to regularly update the software and implement strong
security measures to ensure the security and privacy of sensitive information stored
on these devices. Many IoT devices have weak security features and can be easily
hacked.
Inadequate device security :

21. : Lack of standardization refers to the absence of agreed-upon specifications or protocols in
a particular field or industry. This can result in different systems, products, or processes being
incompatible with each other, leading to confusion, inefficiency, and decreased
interoperability. For example, in the context of technology, a lack of standardization can
cause difficulties in communication and data exchange between different devices and
systems. Establishing standards and protocols can help overcome this and ensure uniformity
and compatibility. There is a lack of standardization in IoT devices, making it difficult to
secure them consistently.
Lack of standardization

22. Vulnerability to network attacks refers to the susceptibility of a network, system or device to
being compromised or exploited by cyber criminals. This can happen due to weaknesses in the
network infrastructure, unpatched software, poor password management, or a lack of
appropriate security measures. Network attacks can result in data theft, loss of privacy,
disruption of services, and financial loss. To reduce vulnerability to network attacks, it’s
important to implement strong security measures such as firewalls, encryption, and regular
software updates, as well as educate users on safe internet practices. IoT devices rely on
networks, making them vulnerable to attacks like denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
Vulnerability to network attacks:

23. Unsecured data transmission refers to the transfer of data over a network or the internet without
adequate protection. This can leave the data vulnerable to interception, tampering, or theft by
malicious actors. Unsecured data transmission can occur when data is transmitted over an
unencrypted network connection or when insecure protocols are used. To protect sensitive data
during transmission, it is important to use secure protocols such as SSL/TLS or VPN, and to encrypt
the data before sending it. This can help to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data, even if
it is intercepted during transmission. IoT devices often transmit sensitive data, which may be
vulnerable to eavesdropping or tampering if not properly secured.
Unsecured data transmission:

24. Privacy concerns refer to issues related to the collection, storage, use, and sharing of personal
information. This can include concerns about who has access to personal information, how it is being
used, and whether it is being protected from unauthorized access or misuse. In the digital age, privacy
concerns have become increasingly important as personal information is being collected and stored
on an unprecedented scale. To address privacy concerns, individuals and organizations need to
implement appropriate security measures to protect personal information, be transparent about how
it is being used, and respect individuals’ rights to control their own information. Additionally, privacy
laws and regulations have been established to provide guidelines and protections for individuals’
personal information. The vast amount of data generated by IoT devices raises privacy concerns, as
personal information could be collected and used without consent.
Privacy concerns:

25. Software vulnerabilities are weaknesses or flaws in software code that can be exploited by attackers
to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive information, or carry out malicious activities. Software
vulnerabilities can arise from errors or mistakes made during the development process, or from the
use of outdated or unsupported software. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain control
over a system, install malware, or steal sensitive information. To reduce the risk of software
vulnerabilities, it is important for software developers to follow secure coding practices and for users
to keep their software up-to-date and properly configured. Additionally, organizations and
individuals should implement robust security measures, such as firewalls, antivirus software, and
intrusion detection systems, to protect against potential threats. IoT devices often have software
vulnerabilities, which can be exploited by attackers to gain access to devices and networks.
Software vulnerabilities:

26. Insider threats refer to security risks that come from within an organization, rather than from
external sources such as hackers or cyber criminals. These threats can take many forms, such
as employees who intentionally or unintentionally cause harm to the organization,
contractors who misuse their access privileges, or insiders who are coerced into
compromising the security of the organization. Insider threats can result in data breaches,
theft of intellectual property, and damage to the reputation of the organization. To mitigate
the risk of insider threats, organizations should implement strict access controls, monitor
employee activity, and provide regular training on security and privacy policies. Additionally,
organizations should have a plan in place to detect, respond to, and recover from security
incidents involving insiders. Employees or contractors with access to IoT systems can pose a
security risk if they intentionally or unintentionally cause harm.
Insider threats: