The document provides an introduction and overview of computers and the internet. It discusses the history of the ARPANET and how it led to the development of the internet. It also covers the development of personal computing, the world wide web, popular software technologies like Java and key internet protocols like TCP/IP. The document then summarizes features of the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser and how to use it to search the internet, access help resources, manage favorites and use email and instant messaging. It concludes with a brief overview of alternative web browsers.

1. Introduction to Computers and the Internet Outline Introduction History of the Internet Personal Computing History of the World Wide Web Hardware Trends Key Software Trend: Object Technology JavaScript: Object-Based Scripting for the Web C and C++ Java

16. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 Outline Introduction to the Internet Explorer 6 Web Browser Connecting to the Internet Internet Explorer 6 Features Searching the Internet Online Help and Tutorials Keeping Track of Favorite Sites File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Electronic Mail Instant Messaging Other Web Browsers

23. Connecting to the Internet Fig. 2.1 Internet Connection Wizard helps configure Internet access. Tutorial button Specify what type of connection to use by clicking one of the option buttons

26. Internet Explorer 6 Features Fig. 2.2 Deitel Website. Back Recent history Forward Stop Refresh Address bar Go Pointer (over a hyperlink) Scroll bars

27. Internet Explorer 6 Features Fig. 2.3 The History menu lists previously visited Web sites. Interactive History window History date options Site from folder Web site folder Click and drag here to resize Content window

29. Internet Explorer 6 Features Fig. 2.4 AutoComplete suggests possible URLs when given a partial address. Partial address URLs

30. Internet Explorer 6 Features Fig. 2.5 Saving a picture from a Web site.

32. Online Help and Tutorials Fig. 2.6 Searching the Internet with IE6. New search Search window Search categories Search words Search button Toolbar

34. Online Help and Tutorials Fig. 2.7 IE6 Help dialog. Help menu Categories

36. Keeping Track of Favorite Sites Fig. 2.8 Favorites menu helps organize frequently visited Web sites. Add/Organize Favorites Favorites Favorites window Site information Organize Favorites dialog

38. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Fig. 2.9 FTP site access in IE6. FTP address Folders in the FTP directory File Login window

41. Instant Messaging Fig. 2.11 Outlook Express e-mail main screen.. Message list Address book Preview pane Mailboxes Message toolbar items

45. Instant Messaging Fig. 2.12 Buddy list and an instant message. Buddy list Instant message

47. Other Browsers Fig. 2.13 Mozilla web browser.

48. SMTP and FTP

49. 26.1 Electronic Mail Sending/Receiving Mail Addresses User Agent MIME Mail Transfer Agent Mail Access Protocols

50. Figure 26.2 Email address

51. Figure 26.3 User agent

52. Figure 26.4 MIME

53. Figure 26.5 MIME header

54. Table 26.1 Data types and subtypes in MIME General binary data (8-bit bytes) Octet-Stream Adobe PostScript PostScript Application Single-channel encoding of voice at 8 KHz Basic Audio Video is in MPEG format MPEG Video Video is in GIF format GIF Image is in JPEG JPEG Image Body is a reference to another message Ext. Body Partial RFC822 Alternative Digest Parallel Mixed Plain Subtype Body is a fragment of a bigger message Body is an encapsulated message Message Parts are different versions of the same message Similar to mixed, but the default is message/RFC822 Same as above, but no order Body contains ordered parts of different data types Multiport Unformatted text Text Description Type

55. Table 26.2 Content-transfer encoding Non-ASCII characters are encoded as an equal sign followed by an ASCII code 6-bit blocks of data are encoded into 8-bit ASCII characters Non-ASCII characters with unlimited-length lines Non-ASCII characters and short lines ASCII characters and short lines Description Base64 Binary 8bit 7bit Type Category

56. Figure 26. 6 Base64

57. Table 26.3 Base64 encoding table 2 1 0 z y x w v u t s Code 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 Value / + 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Code 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 Value r q p o n m l k j i h Code 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 Value V U T S R Q P O N M L Code 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 Value g f e d c b a Z Y X W Code 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Value K J I H G F E D C B A Code 9 10 6 7 8 3 4 5 2 1 0 Value

58. Figure 26.7 Quoted-printable

59. Figure 26.8 MTA client and server

60. Figure 26.9 Commands and responses

61. Figure 26.10 Email delivery

62. Figure 26.11 POP3

63. 26.2 File Transfer Connections Communication File Transfer User Interface Anonymous

64. Figure 26.12 FTP

65. Figure 26.13 Using the control connection

66. Figure 26.14 Using the data connection

67. Figure 26.15 File transfer

69. Figure 26.16 Example 1

70. Table 26.4 List of FTP commands in UNIX !, $, account, append, ascii, bell, binary, bye, case, cd, cdup, close, cr, delete, debug, dir, discount, form, get, glob, hash, help, lcd, ls, macdef, mdelete, mdir, mget, mkdir, mls, mode, mput, nmap, ntrans, open, prompt, proxy, sendport, put, pwd, quit, quote, recv, remotehelp, rename, reset, rmdir, runique, send, status, struct, sunique, tenex, trace, type, user, verbose,? Commands

71. Example 2 We show some of the user interface commands that accomplish the same task as in Example 1. The user input is shown in boldface. As shown below, some of the commands are provided automatically by the interface. The user receives a prompt and provides only the arguments. $ ftp challenger.atc.fhda.edu Connected to challenger.atc.fhda.edu 220 Server ready Name: forouzan Password: xxxxxxx ftp > ls /usr/user/report 200 OK 150 Opening ASCII mode ........... ........... 226 transfer complete ftp > close 221 Goodbye ftp > quit

72. Example 3 We show an example of using anonymous FTP. We connect to internic.net, where we assume there are some public data available. $ ftp internic.net Connected to internic.net 220 Server ready Name: anonymous 331 Guest login OK, send "guest" as password Password: guest ftp > pwd 257 '/' is current directory ftp > ls 200 OK 150 Opening ASCII mode bin ... ftp > close 221 Goodbye ftp > quit

81. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

89. TCP Segment Format Destination Port Options (if any) Data 1 byte 1 byte Source Port Sequence Number Acknowledgment Number 1 byte 1 byte offset Reser. Control Window Checksum Urgent Pointer

97. SYN ISN= X Client Server SYN ISN= Y ACK= X +1 ACK= Y +1 1 2 3

105. FIN SN= X App1 App2 ACK= X +1 ACK= Y +1 1 2 4 FIN SN= Y 3 ...

122. NEWSGROUPS

129. Internet Explorer and the World Wide Web

132. The Web is always changing Address bar (address is constant, but the content changes) Hyperlinks Print button

133. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) http://www.annex.com/southwest/museum.htm Means of access, HyperText Transfer Protocol Internet Address (Web site) Document Path (Directory or Folder)

139. Popular Web Search Engines http://www.search.com/ http://www.yahoo.com http://www.google.com/ http://www.webcrawler.com/ http://www.askjeeves.com/ http://www.lycos.com http://www.excite.com/ http://www.go.com/ http://www.msn.com/ http://www.altavista.com/

140. Web Site and Saving an Image Choose Save Picture As command Right click picture for context-sensitive menu

142. Returning to a Previous Site History folder Favorites folder

143. Organize Favorites Move a favorite Create a new folder Delete a favorite Rename a favorite

144. The TELNET Protocol

148. Network Virtual Terminal NVT NVT Server Process TCP TCP

162. Introduction to HTML

191. Dynamic HTML: Object Model and Collections Outline Introduction Object Referencing Collections all and children Dynamic Styles Dynamic Positioning Using the frames Collection navigator Object Summary of the DHTML Object Model

195. Outline reference.html (1 of 2)

196. Outline reference.html (2 of 2)

198. Outline all.html (1 of 2)

199. Outline all.html (2 of 2)

200. Outline children.html (1 of 3)

201. Outline children.html (2 of 3)

202. Outline children.html (3 of 3)

205. Outline dynamicstyle.html (1 of 2)

206. Outline dynamicstyle.html (2 of 2)

207. Outline dynamicstyle2.html (1 of 2)

208. Outline dynamicstyle2.html (2 of 2)

211. Outline dynamicposition .html (1 of 3)

212. Outline dynamicposition .html (2 of 3)

213. Outline dynamicposition .html (3 of 3)

216. Outline index.html (1 of 1)

217. Outline top.html (1 of 2)

218. Outline top.html (2 of 2)

221. Outline navigator.html (1 of 2)

222. Outline navigator.html (2 of 2)

223. Summary of the DHTML Object Model Fig. 13.10 DHTML Object Model. applets all anchors embeds forms filters images links plugins styleSheets scripts frames plugins collection body screen document history navigator location event document document object window Key

224. Summary of the DHTML Object Model

225. Summary of the DHTML Object Model

226. Summary of the DHTML Object Model

227. Cascading Style Sheets™ (CSS) Outline Introduction Inline Styles Embedded Style Sheets Conflicting Styles Linking External Style Sheets W3C CSS Validation Service Positioning Elements Backgrounds Element Dimensions Text Flow and the Box Model User Style Sheets Web Resources

231. inline.html (1 of 2)

232. inline.html (2 of 2)

234. declared.html (1 of 3)

235. declared.html (2 of 3)

236. declared.html (3 of 3)

238. advance.html (1 of 3)

239. advance.html (2 of 3)

240. advance.html (3 of 3)

242. styles.css (1 of 1)

243. external.html (1 of 2)

244. external.html (2 of 2)

246. W3C CSS Validation Service Fig. 6.6 Validating a CSS document. (Courtesy of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).)

247. W3C CSS Validation Service Fig. 6.7 CSS validation results. (Courtesy of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).)

249. positioning.html (1 of 1)

251. positioning2.html (1 of 2)

252. positioning2.html 2 of 2

255. background.html (1 of 2)

256. background.html (2 of 2)

259. width.html (1 of 2)

260. width.html (2 of 2)

262. floating.html (1 of 3)

263. floating.html (2 of 3)

264. floating.html (3 of 3)

265. Text Flow and the Box Model Fig. 6.13 Box model for block-level elements.

266. borders.html (1 of 2)

267. borders.html (2 of 2)

269. borders2.html (1 of 2)

270. borders2.html (2 of 2)

272. User_absolute.html (1 of 2)

273. User_absolute.html (2 of 2)

274. userstyles.css 1 of 1

275. User Style Sheets Fig. 6.18 User style sheet in Internet Explorer 6.

276. User Style Sheets Fig. 6.19 User style sheet applied with pt measurement.

277. User_relative.html (1 of 2)

278. User_relative.html (2 of 2)

279. User Style Sheets Fig. 6.21 User style sheet applied with em measurement.

280. Introduction to XHTML Outline Introduction Editing XHTML First XHTML Example W3C XHTML Validation Service Headers Linking Images Special Characters and More Line Breaks Unordered Lists Nested and Ordered Lists Web Resources

285. main.html (1 of 1)

287. W3C XHTML Validation Service

288. W3C XHTML Validation Service

290. header.html (1 of 1)

293. links.html (1 of 2)

294. links.html (2 of 2)

295. contact.html (1 of 1)

298. picture.html (1 of 1)

300. nav.html (1 of 2)

301. nav.html (2 of 2)

304. contact2.html (1 of 2)

305. contact2.html (2 of 2)

308. links2.html (1 of 2)

309. links2.html (2 of 2)

311. list.html (1 of 3)

312. list.html (2 of 3)

313. list.html (3 of 3)

315. Domain Name System (DNS)

319. Domain names and labels

320. FQDN and PQDN

322. Hierarchy of name servers

323. DNS in the Internet

324. Generic domains

325. Country domains

326. Inverse domain

330. Name Server Architecture Zone transfer From disk Master server Zone data file Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Name Server Process

331. Authoritative Data Query Response Resolver Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Name Server Process

332. Using Other Name Servers Response Query Query Response Arbitrary name server Resolver Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Name Server Process

333. Cached Data Query Response Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Name Server Process Resolver

352. The Current TLDs

353. Registries, Registrars, and Registrants Registry Zone DB Registrants End user requests add/modify/delete Registrar submits add/modify/delete to registry Registrar Registrar Registrar Master updated Registry updates zone Slaves updated

359. Figure 18-11 Recursive resolution

360. Figure 18-12 Iterative resolution

361. Questions? ?

362. TELNET

365. TELNET and Rlogin are general-purpose client-server application programs.

366. CONCEPT

367. Local login

368. Remote login

369. NETWORK VIRTUAL TERMINAL

370. Figure 19-3 NVT

371. NVT CHARACTER SET

372. Figure 19-4 Format of data characters

373. Figure 19-5 Format of control characters

374. EMBEDDING

375. Figure 19-6 Embedding

376. OPTIONS

377. OPTION NEGOTIATION

378. Offer to enable

379. Request to enable

380. Offer to disable

381. Request to disable

382. Echo option example

383. SUBOPTION NEGOTIATION

384. Example of suboption negotiation

385. CONTROLLING THE SERVER

386. Example of interrupting an application program

387. OUT-OF-BAND SIGNALING

388. Out-of-band signaling

389. ESCAPE CHARACTER

390. Two different interruptions

391. MODE OF OPERATION

392. EXAMPLES

393. Example 1 In this example, we use the default mode to show the concept and its deficiencies even though it is almost obsolete today. The client and the server negotiate the terminal type and terminal speed and then the server checks the login and password of the user. See Figure 19.16.

394. Example1

395. Example 2 In this example, we show how the client switches to the character mode. This requires that the client request the server to enable the SUPPRESS GO AHEAD and ECHO options.

396. Figure 19-17 Example 2