The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) comprises eight member states - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its charter was formally adopted. It aims to promote cooperation in economic, social, cultural and technical fields among South Asian nations.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its charter was formally adopted. Its goals are to promote economic and social progress and cultural development in the region through cooperation. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, and transportation.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its charter was formally adopted to promote economic and social progress among the countries of South Asia and improve quality of life. The organization aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development through cooperation.
South asian association for regional cooperationsumit235
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to promote economic and social progress among countries in South Asia. It aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development through cooperation. Afghanistan later joined in 2007. SAARC focuses on regional cooperation in areas like agriculture, meteorology, health, culture and disaster management. However, disputes between India and Pakistan over Kashmir have hindered deeper economic integration and cooperation within SAARC.
The document provides information about the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia. SAARC was established in 1985 with the goal of promoting economic and social progress among countries in South Asia. It discusses the history and founding of SAARC, its charter and principles, objectives, secretariat, regional centers, apex bodies, and some political issues among member states like the Kashmir conflict.
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses the history and establishment of SAARC in 1985 with its 7 original member countries. It outlines the goals of SAARC to promote economic and social development in South Asia. The document also summarizes the initial concerns that India and Pakistan had in joining the organization and how those concerns were eventually addressed.
This document provides information about three regional organizations: SAARC, ECO, and OIC. It discusses the founding, objectives, structures, and performance of each organization. SAARC was established in 1985 to promote cooperation among South Asian countries. Its objectives include accelerating economic growth and improving living standards. ECO was founded in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey to promote trade and investment. It aims to establish a common market. The OIC was established in 1969 and has 57 member states. However, it has faced criticism for its failure to achieve many of its objectives.
SAARC is an economic and political organization established on December 8, 1985 by eight South Asian countries. The SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu, Nepal on January 16, 1987 to coordinate and monitor implementation of activities across eleven stated areas including agriculture, education, health, and environment. The overall goals of SAARC are to improve the quality of life of people through economic, social, and cultural development while strengthening cooperation and trust between member states.
India has been a major contributor to SAARC's development fund and projects related to natural disasters, pandemics, and terrorism. As the largest SAARC member by economy and population, India aims to foster better understanding and cooperation through people-to-people initiatives and offers great potential for investment and trade with its SAARC neighbors. India also enjoys close cultural, economic, and political ties with individual SAARC members like Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka through partnerships in areas like hydropower, trade, foreign direct investment, and cultural/linguistic exchanges.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its charter was formally adopted. Its goals are to promote economic and social progress and cultural development in the region through cooperation. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, and transportation.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its charter was formally adopted to promote economic and social progress among the countries of South Asia and improve quality of life. The organization aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development through cooperation.
South asian association for regional cooperationsumit235
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to promote economic and social progress among countries in South Asia. It aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development through cooperation. Afghanistan later joined in 2007. SAARC focuses on regional cooperation in areas like agriculture, meteorology, health, culture and disaster management. However, disputes between India and Pakistan over Kashmir have hindered deeper economic integration and cooperation within SAARC.
The document provides information about the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia. SAARC was established in 1985 with the goal of promoting economic and social progress among countries in South Asia. It discusses the history and founding of SAARC, its charter and principles, objectives, secretariat, regional centers, apex bodies, and some political issues among member states like the Kashmir conflict.
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses the history and establishment of SAARC in 1985 with its 7 original member countries. It outlines the goals of SAARC to promote economic and social development in South Asia. The document also summarizes the initial concerns that India and Pakistan had in joining the organization and how those concerns were eventually addressed.
This document provides information about three regional organizations: SAARC, ECO, and OIC. It discusses the founding, objectives, structures, and performance of each organization. SAARC was established in 1985 to promote cooperation among South Asian countries. Its objectives include accelerating economic growth and improving living standards. ECO was founded in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey to promote trade and investment. It aims to establish a common market. The OIC was established in 1969 and has 57 member states. However, it has faced criticism for its failure to achieve many of its objectives.
SAARC is an economic and political organization established on December 8, 1985 by eight South Asian countries. The SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu, Nepal on January 16, 1987 to coordinate and monitor implementation of activities across eleven stated areas including agriculture, education, health, and environment. The overall goals of SAARC are to improve the quality of life of people through economic, social, and cultural development while strengthening cooperation and trust between member states.
India has been a major contributor to SAARC's development fund and projects related to natural disasters, pandemics, and terrorism. As the largest SAARC member by economy and population, India aims to foster better understanding and cooperation through people-to-people initiatives and offers great potential for investment and trade with its SAARC neighbors. India also enjoys close cultural, economic, and political ties with individual SAARC members like Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka through partnerships in areas like hydropower, trade, foreign direct investment, and cultural/linguistic exchanges.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985. It has 8 member states: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was founded to promote economic and social progress, cultural development, and friendship among South Asian nations. Its objectives include accelerating economic growth, improving social conditions, fostering cooperation in economic, social, and technical fields, and maintaining peace in the region. SAARC operates based on principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, political equality, non-interference, cooperation for mutual benefit, and unanimous decision making.
SAARC ( South Asian Association Regional Cooperation )hiteshkrohra
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses the history and establishment of SAARC in 1985. It outlines the organizational structure of SAARC including its governing bodies like the Council, Council of Ministers, Standing Committee, and Secretariat. It also summarizes SAARC's key areas of cooperation such as trade, agriculture, education, and its agreements, declarations, and conventions on issues like customs cooperation, taxation, terrorism, and human trafficking.
This document is a project report submitted by Hitesh M Vekhande for their M.Com program on the topic of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). It includes an introduction to SAARC, discussing its founding, members, areas of cooperation, and evolution. It also summarizes the objectives of SAARC from its charter, which are to promote economic and social progress, cultural development, and friendship within South Asia.
The document provides background information on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses that SAARC was established in 1985 through the signing of a charter by 7 founding members - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The organization aims to promote economic and social progress as well as cultural development in South Asia. However, SAARC faces constraints like inter-state disputes and dominance by India within the group.
What is SAARC?
Members
Observers
Potential Future Members
SAARC Secretariat
General Secretaries of SAARC
SAAFTA
SAARC Visa Exemption Schemes
SAARC Awards
SAARC Summits
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization of 8 countries of South Asia. SAARC was founded in 1985 in Dhaka with the goal of promoting economic and regional cooperation. Its secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Key issues addressed by SAARC include poverty alleviation, education, culture, sports, and critical areas like connectivity between member states. However, SAARC faces challenges like political instability, lack of trust between members, and the strained relationship between India and Pakistan. India plays a dominant role in SAARC given its large size and economy.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 and includes 8 member countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan which joined in 2007. SAARC aims to promote economic and social progress among members and strengthen cooperation. While members have been reluctant to sign comprehensive trade agreements, they have made progress by gradually lowering tariffs and establishing the South Asia Free Trade Area in 2006 to promote regional trade.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 8 countries of South Asia established in 1985. The document provides an overview of SAARC including its structure, history, functions, summits, member countries, objectives and agenda for developing a South Asian Economic Union by 2010. It concludes that SAARC countries must cooperate to foster peace, prosperity and implement plans to institutionalize an economic union by 2010 for the benefit of over 1.5 billion people in the region.
SAARC is an economic and political organization established in 1985 by 8 South Asian countries. Its objectives are to accelerate economic growth and social progress in member states. SAARC has an organizational structure including a Council of heads of government, Council of Ministers, and various committees. It aims to promote cooperation in areas like agriculture, education, and transportation. While SAARC has had some successes, full economic integration has faced challenges and its potential remains largely untapped.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization established in 1985 with 8 member countries and headquartered in Nepal. SAARC aims to promote cooperation through respecting sovereignty, non-interference, and focusing on multilateral issues for mutual benefit. Its objectives are to promote welfare, strengthen self-reliance and cooperation, and contribute to trust and appreciation among members. While it has achieved some economic and social goals, SAARC faces challenges like ideological differences, bilateral disputes, and suspicion between members that have limited its effectiveness.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization established in 1985 with 8 member countries in South Asia. It aims to promote economic and regional cooperation among the countries. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, health, and poverty alleviation. SAARC has signed several conventions on issues like terrorism, narcotics, and mutual legal assistance. However, it faces challenges like internal disputes between members and a lack of resources and technologies.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization between 8 countries in South Asia. It was established in 1985 in Bangladesh to promote cooperation in areas such as agriculture, trade, tourism, and more. The member countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The SAARC Secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Some objectives of SAARC include accelerating economic growth, promoting mutual trust, and strengthening cooperation among member states in international forums. Key bodies under SAARC include the Council of Ministers, Standing Committee, and Technical Committees. SAARC summits are held annually for the leaders of member states to discuss regional
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress among South Asian nations. Its eight member countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC aims to accelerate economic growth, improve social conditions, and strengthen cooperation between member states. It also works to reduce trade barriers and facilitate regional commerce.
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses the history and establishment of SAARC in 1985 with 8 member countries. It outlines the structure of SAARC including the countries, agreements, and functions. The key functions of SAARC include promoting welfare, economic growth, and cultural development in South Asia through cooperation in areas like agriculture, rural development, health, and disaster management. It aims to foster mutual understanding and trust between member states.
SAARC is an intergovernmental organization of 8 South Asian nations established in 1985. It aims to promote economic and regional integration. Key achievements include establishing SAFTA to reduce customs duties and the SAARC visa exemption scheme. However, political differences between members like India and Pakistan have hindered cooperation. Inequality among members and lack of infrastructure also pose challenges to realizing SAARC's economic goals.
This presentation is over South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC) which is an organization of South Asian nations, established on 8 December 1985 and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasizing collective self-reliance.
South asian association for regional cooperationSonali Garwal
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and geopolitical organization consisting of 8 countries in South Asia. It was established in 1985 in Dhaka with the goal of promoting regional cooperation. The secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Afghanistan joined in 2007 as the 8th member. The 17th SAARC Summit was held in Addu City, Maldives in 2011 and focused on themes like trade, transport, security issues, and gender equality. Plans for the 18th SAARC Summit are forthcoming.
The document provides information on three regional economic agreements:
NAFTA, SAARC, and ASEAN. NAFTA was signed in 1993 between the US, Canada, and Mexico to eliminate trade barriers and tariffs between the countries. SAARC was established in 1985 between Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to improve economic development and quality of life. ASEAN was founded in 1967 between Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand to accelerate economic growth and raise living standards, and has since expanded to include more countries.
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia – established in 8th December 1985.
It was formed to provide a platform for the people of South Asia to work together to accelerate the process of economic and social development among the Member states.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1985 in Dhaka by seven South Asian nations to promote economic and regional integration. Its founding members were Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan later joined in 2005. The key objectives of SAARC are to accelerate economic growth, promote welfare and improve the quality of life in South Asia. Its secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985. It has 8 member states: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was founded to promote economic and social progress, cultural development, and friendship among South Asian nations. Its objectives include accelerating economic growth, improving social conditions, fostering cooperation in economic, social, and technical fields, and maintaining peace in the region. SAARC operates based on principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, political equality, non-interference, cooperation for mutual benefit, and unanimous decision making.
SAARC ( South Asian Association Regional Cooperation )hiteshkrohra
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses the history and establishment of SAARC in 1985. It outlines the organizational structure of SAARC including its governing bodies like the Council, Council of Ministers, Standing Committee, and Secretariat. It also summarizes SAARC's key areas of cooperation such as trade, agriculture, education, and its agreements, declarations, and conventions on issues like customs cooperation, taxation, terrorism, and human trafficking.
This document is a project report submitted by Hitesh M Vekhande for their M.Com program on the topic of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). It includes an introduction to SAARC, discussing its founding, members, areas of cooperation, and evolution. It also summarizes the objectives of SAARC from its charter, which are to promote economic and social progress, cultural development, and friendship within South Asia.
The document provides background information on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses that SAARC was established in 1985 through the signing of a charter by 7 founding members - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The organization aims to promote economic and social progress as well as cultural development in South Asia. However, SAARC faces constraints like inter-state disputes and dominance by India within the group.
What is SAARC?
Members
Observers
Potential Future Members
SAARC Secretariat
General Secretaries of SAARC
SAAFTA
SAARC Visa Exemption Schemes
SAARC Awards
SAARC Summits
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization of 8 countries of South Asia. SAARC was founded in 1985 in Dhaka with the goal of promoting economic and regional cooperation. Its secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Key issues addressed by SAARC include poverty alleviation, education, culture, sports, and critical areas like connectivity between member states. However, SAARC faces challenges like political instability, lack of trust between members, and the strained relationship between India and Pakistan. India plays a dominant role in SAARC given its large size and economy.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 and includes 8 member countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan which joined in 2007. SAARC aims to promote economic and social progress among members and strengthen cooperation. While members have been reluctant to sign comprehensive trade agreements, they have made progress by gradually lowering tariffs and establishing the South Asia Free Trade Area in 2006 to promote regional trade.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 8 countries of South Asia established in 1985. The document provides an overview of SAARC including its structure, history, functions, summits, member countries, objectives and agenda for developing a South Asian Economic Union by 2010. It concludes that SAARC countries must cooperate to foster peace, prosperity and implement plans to institutionalize an economic union by 2010 for the benefit of over 1.5 billion people in the region.
SAARC is an economic and political organization established in 1985 by 8 South Asian countries. Its objectives are to accelerate economic growth and social progress in member states. SAARC has an organizational structure including a Council of heads of government, Council of Ministers, and various committees. It aims to promote cooperation in areas like agriculture, education, and transportation. While SAARC has had some successes, full economic integration has faced challenges and its potential remains largely untapped.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization established in 1985 with 8 member countries and headquartered in Nepal. SAARC aims to promote cooperation through respecting sovereignty, non-interference, and focusing on multilateral issues for mutual benefit. Its objectives are to promote welfare, strengthen self-reliance and cooperation, and contribute to trust and appreciation among members. While it has achieved some economic and social goals, SAARC faces challenges like ideological differences, bilateral disputes, and suspicion between members that have limited its effectiveness.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization established in 1985 with 8 member countries in South Asia. It aims to promote economic and regional cooperation among the countries. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, health, and poverty alleviation. SAARC has signed several conventions on issues like terrorism, narcotics, and mutual legal assistance. However, it faces challenges like internal disputes between members and a lack of resources and technologies.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization between 8 countries in South Asia. It was established in 1985 in Bangladesh to promote cooperation in areas such as agriculture, trade, tourism, and more. The member countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The SAARC Secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Some objectives of SAARC include accelerating economic growth, promoting mutual trust, and strengthening cooperation among member states in international forums. Key bodies under SAARC include the Council of Ministers, Standing Committee, and Technical Committees. SAARC summits are held annually for the leaders of member states to discuss regional
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress among South Asian nations. Its eight member countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC aims to accelerate economic growth, improve social conditions, and strengthen cooperation between member states. It also works to reduce trade barriers and facilitate regional commerce.
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It discusses the history and establishment of SAARC in 1985 with 8 member countries. It outlines the structure of SAARC including the countries, agreements, and functions. The key functions of SAARC include promoting welfare, economic growth, and cultural development in South Asia through cooperation in areas like agriculture, rural development, health, and disaster management. It aims to foster mutual understanding and trust between member states.
SAARC is an intergovernmental organization of 8 South Asian nations established in 1985. It aims to promote economic and regional integration. Key achievements include establishing SAFTA to reduce customs duties and the SAARC visa exemption scheme. However, political differences between members like India and Pakistan have hindered cooperation. Inequality among members and lack of infrastructure also pose challenges to realizing SAARC's economic goals.
This presentation is over South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC) which is an organization of South Asian nations, established on 8 December 1985 and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasizing collective self-reliance.
South asian association for regional cooperationSonali Garwal
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and geopolitical organization consisting of 8 countries in South Asia. It was established in 1985 in Dhaka with the goal of promoting regional cooperation. The secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Afghanistan joined in 2007 as the 8th member. The 17th SAARC Summit was held in Addu City, Maldives in 2011 and focused on themes like trade, transport, security issues, and gender equality. Plans for the 18th SAARC Summit are forthcoming.
The document provides information on three regional economic agreements:
NAFTA, SAARC, and ASEAN. NAFTA was signed in 1993 between the US, Canada, and Mexico to eliminate trade barriers and tariffs between the countries. SAARC was established in 1985 between Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to improve economic development and quality of life. ASEAN was founded in 1967 between Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand to accelerate economic growth and raise living standards, and has since expanded to include more countries.
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia – established in 8th December 1985.
It was formed to provide a platform for the people of South Asia to work together to accelerate the process of economic and social development among the Member states.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1985 in Dhaka by seven South Asian nations to promote economic and regional integration. Its founding members were Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan later joined in 2005. The key objectives of SAARC are to accelerate economic growth, promote welfare and improve the quality of life in South Asia. Its secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal.
SAARC is an economic and political organization established in 1985 between 8 South Asian countries - India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives and Afghanistan. Its objectives include promoting economic growth, social progress, cultural development and collective self-reliance among member states. Key aspects of SAARC include the Secretariat established in Kathmandu, the Integrated Programme of Action covering areas like agriculture and health, and agreements like SAFTA establishing a free trade area across South Asia. Major countries and organizations have been granted observer status to SAARC.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization formed in 1985 with 8 member states in South Asia. It aims to improve cooperation and mutual understanding between the countries. While it has had some successes like trade agreements, SAARC has also faced challenges like political disputes hindering cooperation and each country's desire to be dominant. For SAARC to reach its full potential, issues like the India-Pakistan Kashmir dispute would need to be resolved and countries would need to work together more collaboratively.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization formed in 1985 with 8 member states in South Asia. It aims to improve cooperation and mutual understanding between the countries. While it has had some successes like trade agreements, SAARC has also faced challenges like political disputes hindering cooperation and each country's desire to dominate. For SAARC to reach its full potential, issues like the India-Pakistan Kashmir dispute would need to be resolved and countries would need to work together more collaboratively.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization consisting of 8 countries in Southern Asia established in 1985. It aims to accelerate economic and social development in member states. Key objectives include promoting welfare, economic growth, and collective self-reliance. The secretariat is located in Kathmandu and coordinates implementation of activities.
SAARC.pptx PAKISTAN ASSOCIATION WITH SAARC.pptxlodhisaajjda
After the USSR's intervention in Afghanistan, efforts to establish the union were accelerated in 1979 amid the resulting rapid deterioration of the South Asian security situation.[11] Responding to Rahman and Birendra's convention, officials of the foreign ministries of the seven countries met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981.[11] The Bangladeshi proposal was promptly endorsed by Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives, however India and Pakistan were sceptical initially.[11] The Indian concern was the proposal's reference to the security matters in South Asia and feared that Rahman's proposal for a regional organisation might provide an opportunity for new smaller neighbours to re-internationalize all bilateral issues and to join with each other to form an opposition against India. Pakistan assumed that it might be an Indian strategy to organize the other South Asian countries against Pakistan and ensure a regional market for Indian products, thereby consolidating and further strengthening India's economic dominance in the region.[11]
However, after a series of diplomatic consultations headed by Bangladesh between South Asian UN representatives at the UN headquarters in New York, from September 1979 to 1980, it was agreed that Bangladesh would prepare the draft of a working paper for discussion among the foreign secretaries of South Asian countries.[11] The foreign secretaries of the inner seven countries again delegated a Committee of the Whole in Colombo in September 1981, which identified five broad areas for regional cooperation. New areas of co-operation were added in the following years.[12]
In 1983, at the international conference held in Dhaka by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the foreign ministers of the inner seven countries adopted the Declaration on South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and formally launched the Integrated Programme of Action (IPA) initially in five agreed areas of cooperation, namely, Agriculture; Rural Development; Telecommunications; Meteorology; and Health and Population Activities.[13][14]
Officially, the union was established in Dhaka with Kathmandu being the union's secretariat-general.[15] The first SAARC summit was held in Dhaka on 7–8 December 1985 and hosted by the President of Bangladesh Hussain Ershad.[16] The declaration was signed by, namely, King of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuk; President of Pakistan Zia-ul-Haq; Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi; King of Nepal Birendra Shah; President of Sri Lanka JR Jayewardene; and President of Maldives Maumoon Gayoom.[16]
Members and observers
Economic data is sourced from the International Monetary Fund, current as of December 2019, and is given in US dollars.[17]
Members
Country Population[18][19] (2021) GDP (nominal) [US$ million, 2023][20] GDP (PPP) [US$ million, 2022] GDP per capita
(Nominal) GDP per capita
(PPP) GDP growth rate
(2022) Exports
(US$ million, 2022) Foreign direct investment
(US$ million, 2022 or earlier)
SAARC is an economic and political organization established in 1985 with 8 member states and over 1.5 billion people. It aims to accelerate economic and social development through cooperation in areas like agriculture, rural development, and health. Major agreements include the SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA) and the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) to promote regional trade. However, SAARC has been criticized for avoiding decisive political issues and having limited effectiveness in integrating South Asia.
SAARC is an organization of South Asian nations founded in 1985 to promote economic and social progress in the region. It has 8 member states - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan. The SAARC Secretariat headquarters is located in Kathmandu, Nepal and coordinates the implementation of regional activities. The objectives of SAARC include accelerating economic growth, social progress, cultural development and collective self-reliance among South Asian countries.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress among countries in South Asia. It aims to accelerate economic growth and improve social conditions through cooperation among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, health, women and children, environment, science and technology, transport, and human resource development. SAARC makes decisions based on unanimity and respects the sovereignty of each member state.
Long Question Answers Based On 10th Class.docxPakistan and SAARC COUNTRIES 8 ...lodhisaajjda
Pakistan and SAARC
Padmaja Murthy
It was in-1985 that the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was formed in Dhaka by seven countries comprising—
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Each of these countries had a specific set of expectations—some bilateral
and some regional—from the association which were influenced by their
political, economic and historical circumstances and situations. While
some of these expectations were realistic others were ambitious
sometimes even bordering on naivete. With time, these expectations and
apprehensions have changed with the regional and international, political
and economic environment undergoing transformation.1
India and
Pakistan in particular had joined with more apprehension rather than
expectation.
Pakistan, in fact used the opportunity for fulfilling its foreign policy
aims, particularly with regard to India. In this there has been a consistency
in its approach. Further, SAARC's numerous meetings, including the
summit meetings provided an opportunity for Pakistan to develop closer
ties with all the member countries which would not have been otherwise
possible. The SAARC platform has facilitated a continuous and constant
interaction with the other member countries of the Association.
Meanwhile SAARC also gave Pakistan a chance to use grievances of
other countries against India to justify its anti- India stand.
On the other hand, SAARC and its numerous activities, in a sense,
have kept Pakistan engaged positively in South Asia and specifically
with India. This, in a situation where the relations between the two
countries were strained and would not allow interaction at the bilateral
level without drawing severe criticism from certain domestic quarters.
However, the same criticism is toned down to a certain extent when
the interaction takes place at a regional level through a regional
framework in the name of a regional organisation like SAARC. This
helped to moderate Pakistan's views on co-operation with India and
other member countries and a section of the intelligentsia there has
been able to appreciate this interaction.
Padmaja Murthy is an Associate Fellow at IDSA.
1538 Strategic Analysis/January 1999
This essay focusses on Pakistan. Why did Pakistan join SAARC?
How has it used the SAARC forum to advance its bilateral differences
with India? How far is Pakistan sincere about its regional commitments?
Did SAARC in any way influence Pakistan? The essay attempts to
answer these questions and in doing so aims to understand the dynamics
of the relationship of Pakistan with SAARC.
Pakistan Joins SAARC
While the reasons for joining the regional association are stated to
be establishing lasting peace and friendship and pooling the resources
of the region for the overall development of the member countries, the
truth lies beyond all these. Pakistan was initially apprehensive of joining
the regional association primarily for two reasons. First, it felt mat the
forum
Long Question Answers Based On 10th Class.docxPakistan and SAARC COUNTRIES 8 ...lodhisaajjda
In the current era, the Maldives can benefit from Pakistan's changing
investment-friendly policies, economic conditions and Pak-Maldives friendship.
The two countries can move forward with goodwill towards each other in
economic, social and other fields.
Pakistan and Bhutan
· Pakistan has close relations with Bhutan. Thimphu is capital of Bhutan. This main
city is on the banks of the river Thimphu.
· Sheep and goat rearing is an important occupation of the people here. Women
embroider at homes. There are also plenty of marmalades factories. The official
language of Bhutan is Dzongkha. Buddhism is the religion of the majority
population.
· Exchange of views through Delegations continues between the two countries. In
2004, Bhutan participated in the SAARC Conference in Islamabad. In the same
year, the Prime Minister of Pakistan Shaukat Aziz paid an official visit to Bhutan
with his delegation and discussed issues of mutual interest. Bhutan has always
played an important role in SAARC activities.
· In March 2011, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited Pakistan and discussed
bilateral relations with the Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani. During
this time, various memoranda were signed on economic development,
investment, trade, education and culture.
· Pakistan's main exports to Bhutan include cotton bales, textiles, sports and
leather goods etc. Pakistan's major imports from Bhutan include jute, rubber,
seed oil and various chemicals etc.Pakistan and Afghanistan
· The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) made
Afghanistan a member in 2007. Under the banner of this organization, Pakistan
and Afghanistan have played an important role in promoting peace, stability,
harmony and development of the region.
· Both countries believe in the values like sovereignty, equality, territorial
integrity, national independence and not to use force. They are in favour of
finding a peaceful solution to all problems.
· Both the countries believe in the values like sovereign equality, respect, security.India is located in the East of Pakistan. Its capital is Delhi. India has opted for
parliamentary system. Several efforts have been made to develop good
relations and enhance cooperation between the two countries within the
framework of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
Pakistan has always expressed its wish to resolve its differences with India
through dialogue.
· Pak India relations have always been a story of ups and downs. Due to this, the
bilateral relations could not produce any significant result. Pakistan has always
invited India to come to the negotiation table resolve the unsettled issues
between the two countries but India has always ignored it.
· In 1988, on the sidelines of the SAARC Conference, Pakistan and Indian Prime
Ministers had the opportunity to meet and sign an agreement. Under the
agreement, the two countries agreed not to attack each other's nuclear facilities.
· Under the SAARC Organization.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and geopolitical organization consisting of 8 countries in South Asia. The combined GDP of SAARC countries makes it the 3rd largest economic bloc in the world. SAARC was established in 1985 to promote cooperation in economic and social issues. The secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. Key objectives include promoting collective self-reliance and accelerating socio-economic development in the region.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization founded in 1985 by 8 countries of South Asia. It aims to promote economic and social progress, cultural development, and strengthen cooperation among its members. Its highest body is the SAARC Summit held biennially, with the most recent 19th summit scheduled for Pakistan in 2016. ASEAN was established in 1967 by 5 countries and has since expanded to 10 members. It seeks to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among its members and promote regional peace and stability. It has various councils and communities that work on economic, political, and socio-cultural issues.
The document discusses the history and objectives of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). It was formed in 1997 to promote technological and economic cooperation among countries in South and Southeast Asia around the Bay of Bengal. Its main objectives are to strengthen economic and trade ties and promote foreign investment. It includes sectors like commerce, technology, tourism, and fisheries. Countries like Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh have benefited from BIMSTEC in developing and integrating into international trade. The impact on Bangladesh includes potential MOUs in energy, agriculture, and tourism sectors, as well as increased trade and connectivity opportunities.
The document discusses the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an organization of South Asian countries formed in 1985 with the purpose of promoting economic, technical, social, and cultural development. SAARC's headquarters is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. The document also discusses the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement signed in 2004 to create a free trade area among SAARC member states and gradually reduce customs duties on all traded goods to zero by 2016.
This document provides an overview of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). SAARC was founded in 1985 and includes 8 member countries in South Asia. It aims to promote economic and social progress among member states. Key agreements include establishing a free trade area and conventions around issues like human trafficking. However, SAARC faces challenges like conflicts between members and lack of implementation of programs. The document outlines the organization, history, objectives, and both achievements and limitations of SAARC as a regional cooperation bloc in South Asia.
SAARC is a regional intergovernmental organization established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress in South Asia. It has 8 member countries and several observer countries. SAARC aims to improve welfare, accelerate economic growth, and strengthen cooperation among South Asian nations. Major areas of cooperation include agriculture, trade, education, science and technology. The highest decision making body is the Council of Heads of Government or State that meets biennially.
The document discusses various occupations and how people acquire skills for different jobs. It mentions occupations like farming, pottery, basket making, blacksmithing that skills are often learned from family members, while others like teaching, engineering require professional training. Farming is a major occupation in India, but some farmers are shifting to cities due to small landholdings, traditional methods and large families. It also discusses semi-skilled jobs that need short-term training and the location of industries and tribes based on available resources.
The document discusses various traditional and modern leisure activities. It provides examples of traditional board games from India like snakes and ladders and pallanguli. It also describes activities like storytelling, theater, and community spaces called chaupals. The document then discusses components of yoga like asanas, pranayama and meditation. It defines pranayama as the extension of life force through breath and meditation as a practice of training the mind.
The document discusses various occupations and how people acquire skills for different jobs. It mentions occupations like farming, pottery, basket making, blacksmithing that skills are often learned from family members, while others like teaching, engineering require professional training. Farming is a major occupation in India, but some farmers are shifting to cities due to small landholdings, traditional methods and large families. It also discusses semi-skilled jobs that need short-term training and locations of industries and tribes like the bamboo-using Mizos and nomadic, livestock-herding Gujjars of the Himalayas.
The document discusses different types of traditional and modern leisure activities. It provides examples of popular board games from around the world like snakes and ladders and monopoly. It also describes traditional Indian games involving strategy like tiger and goat as well as number and gambling games. Additionally, it discusses community spaces in rural India called chaupals and different forms of art and entertainment like theater, storytelling, literature and yoga practices.
The document discusses different types of traditional and modern leisure activities. It provides examples of popular board games from around the world like snakes and ladders and monopoly. It also describes traditional Indian games involving strategy like tiger and goat as well as number and gambling games. Components of yoga like asanas, pranayama and meditation are defined. Reading and storytelling are presented as other leisure activities along with brief biographies of famous Indian author RK Narayan and details about community spaces in rural India called chaupals.
Saarc countries (pakistan) by rishu tiwariMadhu Tandon
The document outlines the objectives of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), which are to promote the welfare, economic growth, social progress, and cultural development of South Asian countries. It aims to accelerate this development and provide opportunities for dignified living. Specifically, it seeks to strengthen cooperation among South Asian nations in areas such as mutual assistance, science, technology, and international forums. Member states of SAARC include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan.
Saarc countries (pakistan) by rishu tiwariMadhu Tandon
The document outlines the objectives of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), which are to promote the welfare, economic growth, social progress, and cultural development of South Asian countries. It aims to accelerate this development and provide opportunities for dignified living. Specifically, it seeks to strengthen collective self-reliance, mutual understanding and assistance, and cooperation among South Asian countries in international forums on issues of common interest.
The document outlines several major languages used in Bangladesh, noting that Bengali is by far the most widely spoken as the official language, with approximately 98% of the population able to speak it. While 38 languages are spoken, Bengali acts as the lingua franca of the nation. Arabic text is also widely used in education and English is common in urban areas.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its Charter was formally adopted, with the goal of promoting economic and social progress among the countries of South Asia. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, and transportation.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its charter was formally adopted. Its goals are to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through cooperation. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture and transportation.
The document discusses several festivals celebrated in India. It describes Lohri as a harvest festival celebrated in January in Punjab and Haryana. Holi is identified as the festival of colors celebrated in various states to mark the arrival of summer. Baisakhi is highlighted as the most important harvest festival in Punjab celebrated in April. Other festivals mentioned include Diwali (festival of lights), Christmas, Eid-ul-Fitr (Muslim festival), Independence Day, and Dussehra. The document encourages celebrating all festivals to spread messages of joy, happiness, and togetherness.
This document discusses various modes of transportation used in rural and urban areas of India. In rural areas, traditional modes like bullock carts and camel carts are used. Bicycles are also common. In urban areas, public transportation like buses, metro, trains, and auto rickshaws are widely used. Private vehicles account for 30% of urban transportation. Railways, introduced in 1853, are a major mode of long-distance travel connecting all parts of India.
This document discusses various modes of transportation used in rural and urban areas of India. In rural areas, traditional modes like bullock carts and camel carts are used. Bicycles are also common. In urban areas, public transportation like buses, metro systems, auto rickshaws, and trains are widely used. The Delhi metro and Indian railways are two large public transit systems, with the railways transporting millions of passengers and tons of freight daily across India. Private vehicles also account for 30% of transportation in urban areas.
This document discusses various modes of transportation used in rural and urban areas of India. In rural areas, traditional modes like bullock carts and camel carts are used. Bicycles are also common. In urban areas, public transportation like buses, metro, trains, and auto rickshaws are widely used. Private vehicles account for 30% of urban transportation. Railways, introduced in 1853, are a major mode of long-distance travel connecting all parts of India.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. SAARC Countries
The South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC) comprises eight member
states (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka) .The SAARC was
established when its Charted was formally adopted
on 8 December 1985.SAARC is a manifestation of
the determination of the people of the South Asia to
work together in a sprit of friendship, trust and
understanding and to create an order based on
mutual respect, equity and shared benefits.
2. SAARC: It’s Origin
The South Asian Association for Regional
Afghanistan Cooperation (SAARC) is an organization of
South Asian nations, founded in December
1985 and dedicated to economic,
Bangladesh technological, social, and cultural
development emphasizing collective self-
reliance. Its seven founding members are
Bhutan Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan
India joined the organization in 2005. Meetings of
heads of state are usually scheduled
annually; meetings of foreign secretaries,
Maldives twice annually. It is headquartered in
Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nepal The 11 stated areas of cooperation are:
agriculture; education, culture, and sports;
Pakistan
health, population, and child welfare; the
environment and meteorology; rural
Sri Lanka
development (including the SAARC Youth
Volunteers Program); tourism; transport;
science and technology; communications.
3. The concept of SAARC was
first adopted by Bangladesh
during 1977, under the
administration of President
History
Ziaur Rahman. In the late
1970s, SAARC nations
agreed upon the creation of
a trade bloc consisting of
South Asian countries. The
idea of regional cooperation
in South Asia was again
mooted in May 1980. The
foreign secretaries of the
seven countries met for the
first time in Colombo in
April 1981. The Committee
of the Whole, which met in
Colombo in August 1985,
identified five broad areas
for regional cooperation.
New areas of cooperation
were added in the following
years.
4. Objectives
The objectives of the Association as
defined in the Charter are:
to promote the welfare of the people of
South Asia and to improve their quality
of life;
to accelerate economic growth, social
progress and cultural development in
the region and to provide all
individuals the opportunity to live in
dignity and to realize their full potential;
to promote and strengthen collective
self-reliance among the countries of
South Asia;
to contribute to mutual trust,
understanding and appreciation of one
another's problems;
to promote active collaboration and
mutual assistance in the economic,
social, cultural, technical and scientific
fields;
to strengthen cooperation with other
developing countries;
to strengthen cooperation among
themselves in international forums on
matters of common interest; and
to cooperate with international and
regional organisations with similar aims
and purposes.
5. The SAARC Secretariat was established in
Kathmandu on 16 January 1987 and was
inaugurated by Late King
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal.
It is headed by a Secretary General
Secretariat
appointed by the Council of Ministers from
Member Countries in alphabetical order for a
three-year term. He is assisted by the
Professional and the General Services Staff,
and also an appropriate number of
functional units called Divisions assigned to
Directors on deputation from Member
States. The Secretariat coordinates and
monitors implementation of activities,
prepares for and services meetings, and
serves as a channel of communication
between the Association and its Member
States as well as other regional
organizations.
The Memorandum of Understanding on the
establishment of the Secretariat which was
signed by Foreign Ministers of member
countries on 17 November 1986 at
Bangalore, India contains various clauses
concerning the role, structure and
administration of the SAARC Secretariat as
well as the powers of the Secretary-General.
In several recent meetings the heads of
state or government of member states of
SAARC have taken some important decisions
and bold initiatives to strengthen the
organisation and to widen and deepen
regional co-operation.
The SAARC Secretariat and Member States
observe 8 December as the SAARC Charter
Day1.
6. South Asian Free Trade Area
Over the years, the SAARC
members have expressed their
unwillingness on signing a free
trade agreement. Though India has
several trade pacts with Maldives,
Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka,
similar trade agreements with
Pakistan and Bangladesh have
been stalled due to political and
economic concerns on both sides.
In 1993, SAARC countries signed
an agreement to gradually lower
tariffs within the region, in Dhaka.
Eleven years later, at the 12th
SAARC Summit at Islamabad,
SAARC countries devised the
South Asia Free Trade Agreement
which created a framework for the
establishment of a free trade area
covering 1.6 billion people. This
agreement went into force on
January 1, 2008. Under this
agreement, SAARC members will
bring their duties down to 20 per
cent by 2009.
8. 1.Bangladesh-Location
Bangladesh is Located in the north-eastern
part of South Asia. The majestic Himalayas
stand some distance to the north, while in
the south lays the Bay of Bengal. There is
West Bengal border on the west and in the
east lie the hilly and forested regions of
Tripura, Mizoram (India) and Myanmar.
These picturesque geographical boundaries
frame a low lying plain of about 1,47,570
square kilometer criss-crossed by
innumerable rivers and streams. Mighty
rivers are the Padma (Ganges), the
Brahmaputra (Jamuna) & the Meghna and
the Karnafuli.
Bangladesh offers many tourist attractions,
including archaeological sites, historical
mosques and monuments, longest natural
beach in the world, picturesque landscape,
hill forests and wildlife, rolling tea gardens
and tribes. Tourists find the rich flora and
fauna and colorful tribal life very enchanting.
Each part of the country offers distinctly
different topography, flavors and food. It is
home to the Royal Bengal Tigers, freshwater
pink dolphins, historical temples made of red
earth.
Some of the better known tourist attractions
are: Srimangal, where miles of tea gardens
are located, Mainamati, Mahasthangarh,
Paharpur for archaeology, Rangamati, Kaptai
and Cox's Bazar for sight seeing, and the
Sundarbans for wild life and the greatest
Mangrove forest of the world, and Foy's Lake
for scenic beauty.
9. Bangladesh-Places of Interest
Historical places: National Memorial, Central Shahid Minar,
Martyred Memorial,, Bahadurshah Park Curzon Hall Baldha Garden,
Natore - Dighapatiya Rajbari, World War II Cemetery, Sagordari,
Jessore Mujibnagar Memorial Gandhi Asram
Hills & Islands: Rangamati - the lake district, Kaptai
- The lake town, Bandarban - the roof of Bangladesh, Khagrachhari
- the hilltop town, Mymensingh Moheshkhali Sonadia Island
Forest & Jungle: Sundarban, Wari Bateshwar Mahasthangarh
Paharpur Mainamati, Shait Gombudge Mosque, Kantaji's Temple
Lalbagh Fort, Sonargaon , Ahsan Manzil
11. Bangladesh- Dress
Bangladeshi women habitually wear Sarees. Jamdani was once world famous for it's
most artistic and expensive ornamental fabric. Moslin, a fine and artistic type of cloth
was well-known worldwide. Naksi Kantha, embroidered quilted patchwork cloth
produced by the village women, is still familiar in villages and towns simultaneously.
A common hairstyle is Beni (twisted bun) that Bangalee women are fond of.
Traditionally males wear Panjabis, Fatuas and Pajamas. Hindus wear Dhuty for
religious purposes. Now-a-days common dresses of males are shirts and pants.
Bangladeshi people have unique dress preferences. Bangladeshi men wear panjabi
on religious and cultural occasions, lungi as casual wear and shirt-pant on formal
occasions. Shari is the main dress of Bangladeshi women. Sari weaving is a
traditional art in Bangladesh. Shalwar Kamij is quite popular, especially among
younger women. Some women in urban areas also wear pants, skirts and tops.
12. Bangladesh- Cuisine
Panta Ilish - a traditional platter of
Panta bhat with fried Hilsa slice,
supplemented with dried fish (Shutki),
pickles (Achar), dal, green chillies and
onion - is a popular serving for the
Pohela Boishakh festival.
Bangladesh is famous for its distinctive
culinary tradition, and delicious food,
snacks and savories. Boiled rice
constitutes the staple food, and is
served with a variety of vegetables,
fried as well as curries, thick lentil
soups, and fish and meat preparations
of mutton and chicken, and more rarely
pork and beef by certain groups.
Sweetmeats of Bangladesh are mostly
milk based, and consist of several
delights including Roshgulla, Sandesh,
Rasamalai, Gulap Jamun, Kalo Jamun,
Chom Chom. Several other sweet
preparations are also available. Bengali
cuisine is rich and varied with the use
of many specialized spices and
flavours. Fish is the dominant source of
protein, cultivated in ponds and fished
with nets in the fresh-water rivers of
the Ganges delta. More than forty
types of mostly freshwater fish are
common, including carp varieties like
rui (rohu), katla, magur (catfish),
chingŗi (prawn or shrimp), as well as
shuţki (dried sea fish). Salt water fish
(not sea fish though) Ilish (hilsa ilisha)
is very popular among Bengalis, can be
called an icon of Bengali cuisine.
13. 2. Bhutan- Location
Bhutan, is a
landlocked state in
South Asia, located at
the eastern end of the
Himalayas and
bordered to the south,
east and west by the
Republic of India and
to the north by the
People's Republic of China
. Bhutan is separated
from the nearby
country of Nepal to the
west by the Indian
state of Sikkim, and
from Bangladesh to
the south by
West Bengal
15. Bhutan- Festivals
Once a year a dzong or important village may hold a religious festival, or Tsechu. Villagers from the
surrounding district come for several days of religious observances and socializing while
contributing auspicious offerings to the lama or monastery of the festival. The central activity is a
fixed set of religious mask dances, or cham, held in a large courtyard. Each individual dance takes
up to several hours to complete and the entire set may last two to four days. Observation of the
dances directly blesses the audience and also serves to transmit principles of Tantric Buddhism to
the villagers. A number of the dances can be traced directly back to Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal
himself, the founder of Bhutan, and have been passed down essentially unchanged since the
mid-17th century.
Prior to dawn on the final day of the tsechu a huge tapestry, or thongdrel, is unfurled in the
courtyard of the dzong for several hours. The mere sight of it is believed to bring spiritual
liberation. The thongdrel is rolled up before the rays of the morning sun can strike it.
16.
Bhutan- Dress
All Bhutanese citizens are required to observe the national dress code, known as
Driglam Namzha, while in public during daylight hours. The rule is enforced more
rigorously in some districts (dzongkhag) than others. Men wear a heavy knee-length robe
tied with a belt, called a gho, folded in such a way to form a pocket in front of the
stomach. Women wear colourful blouses over which they fold and clasp a large
rectangular cloth called a kira, thereby creating an ankle-length dress. A short silk jacket,
or toego may be worn over the kira. Everyday gho and kira are cotton or wool, according
to the season, patterned in simple checks and stripes in earth tones. For special occasions
and festivals, colourfully patterned silk kira and, more rarely, gho may be worn.
Additional rules of protocol apply when visiting a dzong or a temple, or when appearing
before a high-level official. Male commoners wear a white sash (kabney) from left
shoulder to opposite hip. Local and regional elected officials, government ministers,
cabinet members, and the King himself each wear their own colored kabney. Women wear
a narrow embroidered cloth draped over the left shoulder, a rachu.
17. Bhutan- Cuisine
The staple foods of Bhutan are red rice
(like brown rice in texture, but with a
nutty taste, the only variety of rice that
grows in high altitudes), buckwheat,
and increasingly maize. The diet in the
hills also includes chicken, yak meat,
beef, pork, pork fat and mutton. Soups
and stews of meat, rice, ferns, lentils,
and dried vegetables spiced with
chillies and cheese are a favourite meal
during the cold seasons. Zow shungo is
a rice dish mixed with
leftover vegetables. Ema datshi, made
very spicy with cheese and chillies, akin
to chili con queso, might be called the
national dish for its ubiquity and the
pride that Bhutanese have for it. Other
foods include jasha maru, a chicken
dish; phaksha paa and fried rice. Dairy
foods, particularly butter and cheese
from yaks and cows, are also popular,
and indeed almost all milk is turned
into butter and cheese. Popular
beverages include: butter tea,
black tea, locally brewed ara (rice wine
), and beer. Spices include: curry,
cardamom, ginger, chillies, garlic,
turmeric, and caraway.
When offered food, one says meshu
meshu, covering one's mouth with the
hands in refusal according to
Bhutanese manners, and then gives in
on the second or third offer.
18. 3. India- Location
India is a country in South Asia. It is
the seventh-largest country by
geographical area, the
second-most populous country with
over 1.2 billion people, and the most
populous democracy in the world.
Home to the ancient
Indus Valley Civilization and a region
of historic trade routes and vast
empires, the Indian subcontinent was
identified with its commercial and
cultural wealth for much of its long
history.[13] Four of the world's major
religions—Hinduism, Buddhism,
Jainism and Sikhism—originated here,
whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity
and Islam arrived in the 1st
millennium CE and also helped shape
the region's diverse culture.[14]
Gradually annexed by the
British East India Company from the
early 18th century and colonized by
the United Kingdom from the
mid-19th century, India became an
independent nation in 1947 after a
struggle for independence which was
marked by non-violent resistance led
by Mahatma Gandhi.
19. India-Places of Interest
A Glimpse into Northern India
Golden Triangle Tours
Grand Tours Of India
India Deluxe Trips
India Royal Tours
Indian Mixture
Majestic Palaces
Rajasthan in Colour
Rustic Rajasthan
Majestic Himalayas
Tiger Safari Tours
Wildlife in The
Rajasthan
Cultural Tours of india
Best Of South India
Cultural Tours of South
India
Essential India
Cochin Tours
Gandhi's Gujarat &
Navratri
Pilgrimage Cultural
Tours
Eastern India
20. India- Festivals
India, being a multi-cultural and multi-religious society, celebrates holidays and
festivals of various religions. The four national holidays in India, the
Independence Day, the Republic Day, the Gandhi Jayanti,and 1st may are celebrated
with zeal and enthusiasm across India. In addition, many states and regions have
local festivals depending on prevalent religious and linguistic demographics. Popular
religious festivals include the Hindu festivals of Navratri, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi,
Durga puja, Holi, Rakshabandhan and Dussehra. Several harvest festivals, such as
Sankranthi, Pongal and Onam,"Nuakhai" are also fairly popular.
Certain festivals in India are celebrated by multiple religions. Notable examples
include Diwali, which is celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs and Jains, and Buddh Purnima,
celebrated by Buddhists and Hindus. Islamic festivals, such Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha
and Ramadan, are celebrated by Muslims across India. Sikh Festivals, such as
Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi are celebrated with full fanfare by Sikhs and Hindu.
Adding colors to the culture of India, the Dree Festival is one of the tribal festivals of
India celebrated by the Apatanis of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh, which is the
easternmost state of India.
21.
India- Dress
Traditional clothing in India greatly varies across different parts of the
country and is influenced immensely by local culture, geography and
climate. Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as sari
for women and dhoti or lungi for men; in addition, stitched clothes such
as churidar for women and kurta-pyjama and European-style trousers
and shirts for men, are also popular.
In India, a person's social status is perceived to be symbolized by his or
her attire. Indian dress etiquette discourages exposure of skin and
wearing transparent or tight clothes.[23] Most Indian clothes are made
from cotton which is ideal for the region's hot weather.[24] Since
India's weather is mostly hot and rainy, majority of Indians wear
sandals.[25]
Worn by women on their forehead, the bindi is considered to be a
highly auspicious mark in Hindu religion. Traditionally, the red bindi (or
sindoor) was worn only by the married Hindu women, but now it has
become a part of women's fashion. Some Indian traditions consider the
bindi to be representative of the third eye.
22. India- Cuisine
The cuisine in India is classified into three major
categories. Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Satva which stand
for balance, Rajas stands for passion, and Tamas stands
for indulgence. Food is consumed according to the lifestyle
of the person. For example: A King has to be aggressive
to defend his country, he would be taking food which
would give much passion and that aggressiveness which is
required. When a person tries to lead his life in want of
self realisaiton, he would prefer a Satvic food or known as
Sattvic diet, which would help to keep his mind in balance.
Tamasic food or known as Static foods is to be taken only
if its required, like consumption of Alcohol. This is the
reason why in many Indians try to abstain drinking.
The multiple varieties of Indian cuisine are characterized
by their sophisticated and subtle use of many Spices and
Herbs. Each family of this cuisine is characterized by a
wide assortment of dishes and cooking techniques.
Though a significant portion of Indian food is vegetarian,
many traditional Indian dishes also include: chicken, goat,
lamb, fish, and other meats.
India is known for its love for food and spices, and it plays
a role in everyday life as well as in festivals. Indian cuisine
varies from region to region, reflecting the
varied demographics of the country. Generally, Indian
cuisine can be split into 5 categories — northern, southern
, eastern, western and north-eastern.
Despite this diversity, some unifying threads emerge.
Varied uses of spices are an integral part of food
preparation, and are used to enhance the flavor of a dish
and create unique flavors and aromas. Cuisine across
India has also been influenced by various cultural groups
that entered India throughout history, such as the
Persians, Mughals, and European colonists. Though the
tandoor originated in Central Asia, Indian tandoori dishes,
such as chicken tikka made with Indian ingredients, enjoy
widespread popularity.
23. 4. Nepal- Location
Federal Democratic Republic of
Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state
located in South Asia. It is located in
the Himalayas and bordered to the
north by the
People's Republic of China, and to the
south, east, and west by the
Republic of India. Kathmandu is the
nation's capital and the country's
largest metropolis.
Nepal has a rich geography. The
mountainous north has eight of the
world's ten tallest mountains,
including the highest point on Earth,
Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in
Nepali. It contains more than 240
peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above
sea level. The fertile and humid south
is heavily urbanized.
By some measures, Hinduism is
practised by a larger majority of
people in Nepal than in any other
nation.[8] Buddhism, though a
minority faith in the country, is linked
historically with Nepal. Many Nepali do
not distinguish between Hinduism and
Buddhism and follow both religious
traditions. There are 3 different
buddhist traditions: Himalayan
Buddhism, Buddhism of Kathmandu
Valley (mostly Mahayana and
Vajrayana), and also the Theravada
Buddhism.
24. Nepal-Places of Interest
Kathmandu
Patan
Pokhran
Bhaktapur
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
Durbar Square
Taleju temple
Jagannath temple
Kal Bhairav
Temple:
King Pratap Malla
Statue:
Kumari Ghar
Kasthamandap
Temple
Syambhunath
Temple
Lumbini
Janakpur
Chitwan
Royal Bardia
National Park
Tansen
Gorkha
Annapurna Region
Everest Region
Langtang
25. Nepal- Festivals
Several of the festivals of Nepal last from one day to several days. Dashain is the longest and the
most important festival of Nepal. Generally Dashain falls in late September to mid October, right
after the end of the monsoon season in Nepal. It is "a day of Victory over Demons". Tihar is another
important festival of Nepal.
Other important festivals include Buddha Jayanti (the celebration of the birth of Buddha);
Maha Shivaratri, a festival of Lord Shiva, and during Maha Shivaratri festivities, some people
consume excessive drinks and smoke charas. Sherpas, mostly located at higher altitudes and in the
Everest region, celebrate Mani Rimdu, for the good of the world. Most festivals include dancing and
music and eating all kinds of local delicacies. A variety of foods is consumed during festivals and on
special occasions. If one has to taste Nepali food, Newa cuisine is a must have; a festive meal, like
one served during a marriage, is a real treat, and include vegetarian as well as non-vegetarian
dishes.
26. Nepal- Dress
Men's Clothing: Daura-Suruwal, typically
termed as 'Labeda-Suruwal' is the
traditional Nepali dress. The dress has
several religious beliefs identifying its
designs and has therefore remained the
same from the years. The Daura has eight
strings that serves to tie itself up around
the body. Eight is the lucky number in
Nepali mythology. Also, the Daura has five
pleats or Kallis, signifying Pancha Buddha
or Pancha Ratna. And the closed neck of
the Daura signifies the snake around the
Lord Shiva's neck.
Women's Clothing: The Nepali dress for
women is a cotton sari (Guniu), a cloth
garment worn with a blouse. Women in
Nepal wear a sari-like garment called a
guniu. The guniu can be woven from
cottons or silk fabrics. In Nepal, the sari is
commonly draped around the waist and
worn with a separate shawl like garment
on the upper body. This style of draping is
called Haku patasi.
Sherpa Dress:Traditional Sherpa dress
consists of a knee-length robe woven of
yak wool. This garment is similar for both
men and women and is worn with yak
wool pants. Boots made of yak hide and
stuffed with dried grass for warmth were
traditional. Today, many Sherpas have
opted for Western dress, including cowboy
hats and boots.
27.
Nepal- Cuisine
A typical Nepalese meal is dal-bhat-tarkari. Dal is a spicy
lentil soup, served over bhat (boiled rice), served with
tarkari (curried vegetables) together with achar (pickles)
or chutni (spicy condiment made from fresh ingredients).
The Newar community, however, has its own unique
cuisine. It consists of non-vegetarian as well as vegetarian
items served with alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
Mustard oil is the cooking medium and a host of spices,
such as cumin, coriander, black peppers, sesame seeds,
turmeric, garlic, ginger, methi (fenugreek), bay leaves,
cloves, cinnamon, pepper, chillies, mustard seeds, etc.,
are used in the cooking. The cuisine served on festivals is
generally the best.
The food of Nepal is as diverse as the country itself. The
Nepalese recipes are quick to cook and good to eat.
Nepalese food is famous for its nutrition level and
tempting taste. Whilst Nepalese cuisine is somewhat
basic, it certainly does not lack in flavor, making extensive
use of spices and flavorings such as ginger, garlic,
coriander, pepper, cumin, chilies, cilantro, mustard oil,
ghee and occasionally yak butter. Come let us savour
some of the famous dishes of Nepal.
Famous Nepalese Cuisine
Gundrook- Dheedo is a sugar-free dish made of wheat,
maize and dried green vegetable.
Alu Tama means 'Potato Bamboo Shoots'. It is a unique
and classic Nepali curry flavor dish.
Vegetable Pulao (Fried Nepali Rice) is popular ways
rice is served during the parties and events.
Masu is spiced or curried meat (usually chicken, mutton,
buffalo or pork) with gravy. Served with rice, it is a main
course dish, very popular in Nepal.
Vegetable Thukpa (Egg Noodles)
Tibetan Vegetable Thukpa is one of the main food. During
Tibetan new year celebration 'Losar'the dish is a part of
celebration and tradition for the Nepalese.
Chatamari regarded as Newari pizza, Chatamari is a flat
bread.