Local government 101
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Need a quick refresher on the structure of local government in the United States? Presenting to a group of high school students? Well Life, Well Run has you covered with this Prezi presentation.
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Federalism in Pakistan
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
Local government in Pakistan
Uploaded By;
NIZAM UL HAK
Lecturer in Pakistan Affair
Higher education Commission Islamabad, Pakistan
Martial law in Pakistan, Dictatorship in Pakistan, Army Regimes in Pakistan
Martial law in Pakistan, Dictatorship in Pakistan, Army Regimes in PakistanComsats Institute of Information Technology Attock, Punjab Pakistan
1) Unelected regimes in Pakistan have historically implemented reforms to local governance that increased decentralization and granted more power to local levels, which supported economic growth.
2) Economic assessments show that GDP growth was consistently higher under unelected leaders like Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf than during democratic periods.
3) The document concludes that unelected regimes in Pakistan have been more powerful at the local level and better for the economy compared to periods of representative democracy, based on their record of reforms and GDP growth under military-led governments.Bureaucracy in Pakistan
This document discusses bureaucracy in Pakistan. It defines bureaucracy as a system of government run by state officials rather than elected representatives. There are five main types of bureaucracy in Pakistan: cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and presidential commissions. The document provides examples of each type and discusses the roles and characteristics of the Pakistani bureaucracy, including implementing policies, administration, and regulation. It gives brief biographies of two prominent Pakistani bureaucrats as examples.
State of pakistan
The document proposes restructuring the branches and organizations of the Pakistani federal government to improve efficiency by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. It recommends reducing the number of ministries and organizations by privatizing some, transferring others to provincial control, merging duplicative entities, and liquidating unnecessary ones. The goal is to establish a tighter governance structure with 228 executive departments and autonomous bodies accountable for results.
local government
The document discusses the local government system established in Pakistan in 1979 under General Zia-ul-Haq after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government was overthrown. It established union councils for rural areas and municipal committees/corporations for urban areas. The union councils and zilla councils were the basic units of local government in rural areas, with members directly elected for four years. Their responsibilities included maintaining infrastructure like roads, hospitals, and schools. The local governments in urban areas varied in size and responsibilities based on the population, with the largest being metropolitan corporations in big cities.
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Federalism in Pakistan
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
Local government in Pakistan
Uploaded By;
NIZAM UL HAK
Lecturer in Pakistan Affair
Higher education Commission Islamabad, Pakistan
Martial law in Pakistan, Dictatorship in Pakistan, Army Regimes in Pakistan
Martial law in Pakistan, Dictatorship in Pakistan, Army Regimes in PakistanComsats Institute of Information Technology Attock, Punjab Pakistan
1) Unelected regimes in Pakistan have historically implemented reforms to local governance that increased decentralization and granted more power to local levels, which supported economic growth.
2) Economic assessments show that GDP growth was consistently higher under unelected leaders like Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf than during democratic periods.
3) The document concludes that unelected regimes in Pakistan have been more powerful at the local level and better for the economy compared to periods of representative democracy, based on their record of reforms and GDP growth under military-led governments.Bureaucracy in Pakistan
This document discusses bureaucracy in Pakistan. It defines bureaucracy as a system of government run by state officials rather than elected representatives. There are five main types of bureaucracy in Pakistan: cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and presidential commissions. The document provides examples of each type and discusses the roles and characteristics of the Pakistani bureaucracy, including implementing policies, administration, and regulation. It gives brief biographies of two prominent Pakistani bureaucrats as examples.
State of pakistan
The document proposes restructuring the branches and organizations of the Pakistani federal government to improve efficiency by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. It recommends reducing the number of ministries and organizations by privatizing some, transferring others to provincial control, merging duplicative entities, and liquidating unnecessary ones. The goal is to establish a tighter governance structure with 228 executive departments and autonomous bodies accountable for results.
local government
The document discusses the local government system established in Pakistan in 1979 under General Zia-ul-Haq after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government was overthrown. It established union councils for rural areas and municipal committees/corporations for urban areas. The union councils and zilla councils were the basic units of local government in rural areas, with members directly elected for four years. Their responsibilities included maintaining infrastructure like roads, hospitals, and schools. The local governments in urban areas varied in size and responsibilities based on the population, with the largest being metropolitan corporations in big cities.
Political Parties
A brief outline of Political Parties
Conditions to be fulfilled to be a party
Its + and - points and Function
Merits and demerits of the each type
Sovereignty (Bodin)
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The constitution of pakistan
The document discusses the Constitution of Pakistan from 1973. It establishes Pakistan as an Islamic republic based on principles of the Quran and Sunnah. The constitution provides for fundamental rights, a parliamentary democracy, and an independent judiciary. It introduced a federal system with power shared between provincial and central governments. However, the constitution has faced instability with multiple amendments and suspensions over the years.
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This document discusses politics, power, and political development. It defines politics as the major social institution through which society organizes decision making and distributes power. Power is defined as the ability to control others or participate in decision making. The document outlines three types of authority according to Max Weber: rational legal authority based on established laws and procedures; traditional authority based on customs; and charismatic authority based on a leader's personal qualities. Political development is defined as increasing political participation and unity. The stages of political development discussed include traditional, drive to maturity, take off, mass production, and past mass production. Key characteristics of political development are equality before the law, the capacity of the political system, and differentiated specialized political structures and
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2) The first President of Pakistan, Iskander Mirza, relied on the military and declared martial law in 1958, appointing General Ayub Khan as chief administrator, who later became President.
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The document provides background on the constitutional development of Pakistan since its creation in 1947. It discusses some of the challenges Pakistan faced in framing its constitution as a newly independent nation. It outlines some of the key measures taken by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan to address the issue, including appointing the first constituent assembly and passing the Objectives Resolution in 1949. The document then discusses the various committees and proposals that were made to resolve constitutional issues, including debates around representation of East and West Pakistan. It concludes with details about the passage of the 1956 Constitution of Pakistan.
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- The constitution outlines the structure of the government and protects some fundamental rights, though these rights are limited in practice.
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define government and state and functions
This document discusses concepts related to states and governments. It defines a state as an organized community living under one government, which may be sovereign. It distinguishes states from governments, noting that a government is the particular group of people that controls the state apparatus at a given time. It also distinguishes states from nations, which refer to large geographical areas and shared identity of people. The document outlines the key branches of government as the executive, legislature, and judiciary, and notes some basic principles of good government like elected representation and fair administration.
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The document discusses the Constitution of Pakistan from 1973. It establishes Pakistan as an Islamic republic based on principles of the Quran and Sunnah. The constitution provides for fundamental rights, a parliamentary democracy, and an independent judiciary. It introduced a federal system with power shared between provincial and central governments. However, the constitution has faced instability with multiple amendments and suspensions over the years.
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01 Pakistan’s National Interest.pptx
This document outlines Pakistan's national interests according to four key propositions: territorial integrity, citizen wellbeing, internal cohesion, and regional peace. It discusses each proposition in detail and how Pakistan works to achieve related objectives like maintaining strong defense forces, ensuring economic growth, strengthening democratic institutions, and promoting peace with neighbors. The overarching goal is defining and safeguarding Pakistan's national interests to ensure its long-term survival and prosperity as an independent nation-state.
Civil military relation of pakistan
1) Pakistan has experienced over 33 years of military rule over its history through 3 martial laws declared in 1958, 1977, and 1999.
2) The first President of Pakistan, Iskander Mirza, relied on the military and declared martial law in 1958, appointing General Ayub Khan as chief administrator, who later became President.
3) Weak civilian leadership, political parties, institutions, and rising civil-military bureaucracy have contributed to the military's repeated interventions in domestic politics throughout Pakistan's history.
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The document summarizes the key aspects of Pakistan's 1973 constitution. It describes how the constitution established a parliamentary democratic system of government with Islam as the state religion. It compares the 1973 constitution to previous constitutions of 1956 and 1962. It then outlines several salient features of the 1973 constitution, including establishing Pakistan as an Islamic republic, guaranteeing fundamental human rights, and giving powers to the Supreme Court and provincial governments.
Political Economy
This document discusses the relationship between political and economic factors. It defines political economy as the grafting of politics and economics, and notes they are mutually dependent. It explores how governments can use political power to influence economic resources at domestic and international levels. It also outlines three major ideologies in political economy: liberalism, nationalism, and Marxism. The document examines different structures that comprise the global political economy, such as production, security, financial, and knowledge structures. It analyzes how political events like the OPEC oil crisis influenced economics. Multinational corporations and regional economic organizations are also discussed in relation to world political economy.
Senate and its purpose
Senate of Pakistan is also known as the upper house of Pakistan. The elections for senate are conducted after a time interval of three years for one half of the senate and each senator is allocated a time period of six years. If in any scenario there is no president in Pakistan or he is unable to perform his duties then chairmen of the senate perform the duties of a president unless and until there comes a new president or old one recovers himself.
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The document provides an overview of the local government system in Pakistan from 1947 to the present. It discusses the various systems that have been implemented under different regimes, including the Basic Democracies system under Ayub Khan, the People's Local Government system under Bhutto, and the Devolution of Power Plan introduced under Musharraf in 2001. The current local government system established in 2013 devolved some powers to elected local governments in each province, but provincial governments still retain significant control over local administrations.
1956 constitution of Pakistan
The document provides background on the constitutional development of Pakistan since its creation in 1947. It discusses some of the challenges Pakistan faced in framing its constitution as a newly independent nation. It outlines some of the key measures taken by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan to address the issue, including appointing the first constituent assembly and passing the Objectives Resolution in 1949. The document then discusses the various committees and proposals that were made to resolve constitutional issues, including debates around representation of East and West Pakistan. It concludes with details about the passage of the 1956 Constitution of Pakistan.
Comparative politics
This document provides an introduction to comparative politics and key definitions. It discusses three approaches to studying comparative politics: political systems, political behavior, and institutional approaches. It also defines key political science concepts like the state, sovereignty, nationalism, and different models of the relationship between states and nations. The document outlines different types of political systems such as unitary states, federations, and confederations. It also discusses concepts like constitutions, regimes, ideologies, and separations of power.
Chinese constitution
The document provides an overview of the Chinese constitution, including:
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- The constitution outlines the structure of the government and protects some fundamental rights, though these rights are limited in practice.
- The legal system is hierarchical, with the Supreme People's Court as the highest judicial organ responsible for overseeing the administration of justice.
Unitary and federal government
This document discusses and compares unitary and federal systems of government.
A unitary government is one where supreme legislative authority is exercised by a central power. Examples include England, Japan, and France. Merits include strong, efficient administration and uniformity, while demerits include the risk of central despotism.
A federal government divides powers between central and regional governments. Examples are the US, Switzerland, and Australia. It aims to reconcile national unity with regional autonomy. Merits include administrative efficiency and local interest, while demerits include greater expense and lack of uniformity.
Political Parties, Party Systems, and Interest Groups
This document discusses political parties and interest groups. It begins by outlining the historical development of parties, from elite organizations to mass membership groups. It then defines parties and different party systems, such as dominant-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. The roles and functions of parties are also summarized, including nominating candidates, organizing government, and managing conflict. The document then discusses interest groups and their relationship to the state, as well as their functions like representation, participation, and influencing the policy process through lobbying.
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US political system
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Local government presentation
The document summarizes the local government system of Pakistan. It defines local government and describes its different levels including union government, tehsil government, and district government. It outlines the history of local government in Pakistan from pre-independence to the current system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of local government and the roles, functions, and financial autonomy of local governments. It also examines some problems faced by local governments in Pakistan and provides suggestions for improving the system.
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PAS PSDF Mop Up Workshop Presentation 2024 .pptx
This is the slide deck of what PAS learnt supporting councils awarded Planning Skills Delivery Funds
在线办理美国乔治华盛顿大学毕业证（gwu毕业证书）学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国乔治华盛顿大学毕业证（gwu毕业证书）学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
原版制作(Hope毕业证书)利物浦霍普大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Hope毕业证书)利物浦霍普大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance Center
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
Indira P.S Vs sub Collector Kochi - The settlement register is not a holy cow...
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Indira P.S Vs sub Collector Kochi - The settlement register is not a holy cow James Joseph AdhikarathilTexas Water Development Board Updates June 2024
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Awaken new depths - World Ocean Day 2024, June 8th.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
CBO’s Outlook for U.S. Fertility Rates: 2024 to 2054
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2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 39
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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