The document discusses international marketing, defining it as business activities that involve the flow of goods and services across nations for profit. It also covers international trade, international business, foreign marketing, and outlines both internal and external environments that affect international operations, including economic, political, legal, cultural, demographic, and technological factors. Additionally, it touches on the roles and functions of international organizations such as the World Bank and the World Trade Organization in promoting trade and economic cooperation among nations.

1. International Marketing

2. DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETINGDEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
Cateora (1997) defines international
marketing as performance of business
activities that direct the flow of company's
goods and services to consumers in more
than one nation for profit.
Jain (1989) refers to international marketing
as exchanges across national boundaries for
the satisfaction of human needs and wants.

3. INTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADE
 International trade is a term that basically deals with the
movement of goods and services between countries distinct
from normal corporate transactions involving buyers and
sellers in different countries.
 The international trade primarily reflects macro or aggregate
supplies and demand in different countries.

4. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
 International business may be defined as those business
transactions among individuals, firms or corporate entities in
private or public sector that -result in movement of goods or
services across national boundaries.

5. Foreign MarketingForeign Marketing International MarketingInternational Marketing
Multinational MarketingMultinational Marketing Global MarketingGlobal Marketing
Methods & practices used in
the home market & also
applied in overseas markets
with little adaptation.
Differentiation in country
markets by way of developing
or acquiring new brands.
Developing local products
depending upon country needs.
Consolidation of operations on
regional basis to take
advantages of economies of
scale.
Product standardization is
within regions but not across
them.
Refers to the use of a single
marketing method across the
international markets with little
adaptation.
Opportunity for transfer of
products, brands and other
ideas across subsidiaries

6. Exporting Mergers
Licensing
Turnkey Project
Wholly Owned
Subsidiary
AcquisitionAcquisition

7. INTERNAL (CONTROLLABLE)
ENVIRONMENT
The internal environment of a firm decides its competence to do
business in foreign countries. It is also called as the
controllable component of international business environment
because the Company can control it

8. ELEMENTS OF INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTELEMENTS OF INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
 Mission
 Strategy
 Operations

9. EXTERNAL (UNCONTROLLABLE)
ENVIRONMENT
External environment refers to the overall international
conditions which influence the conduct of business

10. ELEMENTS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTELEMENTS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
 Economic environment
 Political environment
 Legal and regulatory environment
 Cultural environment
 Demographic environment
 Technological environment

11. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
 Stage of Economic Development
 Level of Income & Development
 Inflation
 Balance of Payments
 Availability of Human & Physical resources.
 Economic Policies

12. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
 Types of Political System
 Political Instability
 Political Risk

13. LEGAL AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
 International Law & Conflict of Laws
 Patents & Trademarks
 Conflict Resolutions
 Tariff mechanism
 Documentation & formalities (China v/s India)

14. CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
 Centralized v/s decentralized decision-making (America v/s
Japan)
 Safety v/s Risk
 High v/s Low organizational Loyalty
 Language
 Customs & Rituals

15. DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTDEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT
 Population Size
 Age Distribution
 Education & Occupation

16. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTTECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
 Innovation in Technology
 Adoption of Technology

17.  The actual name is International Bank for Reconstruction &
Development (IBRD)
 Established on 1st
July 1944, Headquarter is at Washington.
 Every country is eligible for membership, currently 184
members are there. Membership can be withdrawn any time.

18. To assist in the reconstruction &
development of the territories of its member
governments by facilitating investment of
capital for productive purpose.
To promote foreign private investment by
guarantees of or through participation in
loans & other investments of capital for
productive purpose.

19.  To make loans for productive purposes out of its own resources
or out of funds borrowed by it where private capital is not
available on reasonable time
 To promote the long range growth of international trade and
the maintenance of the balance of payments of its members.

20.  By granting or participating in direct loans out of its own funds
 By granting loans out of the funds raised in the market of a
member or otherwise borrowed by the bank
 By guaranteeing whole or part loans made by the investors

21.  Project for which the loan is asked has been
carefully examined by a competent committee
as regards the merits of the proposal.
 Borrower has the reasonable prospects for
repayment of loan.
 Loan is meant for productive purposes.
 Except in special circumstances the loan is
meant to finance the foreign exchange
requirements of specific projects of
reconstruction and development

22.  Defining priorities among different projects
 Modification in the technical plans for projects designed
reduce its cost or make it more efficient.
 Administrative or organisational arrangements for a projects
or as to plans for its financing.

23.  A multi-governmental association organized in
1945 to promote exchange rate stability and to
facilitate the international flow of currencies.
 184 members
 An the time of formation an International
monetary fund was created, each members
quota in fund determines its subscriptions to the
fund, its drawing rights and voting power.

24.  To promote currency convertibility with stability in exchange
rates.
 To facilitate international trade, expansion and balanced
growth.
 Provide funds to members to adjust their balance of trade.

25. Works as an advisor on monetary & fiscal
policies to its member countries
Provides short term financial assistance to
take care of balance of payment problems.
It functions as a common pool of funds to
assist the member countries in time of need.
It also works as a consultancy organisation to
train executives of Reserve Banks and Fiscal
Services Department employees of member
countries.

26. A organisation through which group of
countries negotiate trading agreements and
which has authority to oversee trade disputes
among countries.
From 1947 to 1994, GATT (General
Agreements of Tariffs & Trade) was taking
care of globe business environment. WTO is
successor of GATT with head office at
Geneva in Switzerland.

27.  Make optimum utilisation of world’s resources
for improving the incoming & living standards,
promoting employment & expanding production
and trade activities amongst various countries.
 Encourage sustainable development and ensure
that environmental care and development
activities go together.
 Efforts should be made that developing
countries and also poor countries get an
opportunity to have a share in the growth in the
world trade.

28.  Implementation & monitoring multilateral and bilateral trade
agreements which are essence of WTO.
 To keep a track of trade related activities in world.
 WTO have various expert committees and sub-committees for
different categories to review various subjects and also to
work as consultants.

29. It arranges visits of its expert committees to
various countries for training & development
activities
WTO settles trade disputes between
different countries.
It reviews & advice trade policies of different
countries.
It covers all the commodities that are
internationally traded and have formulated
rules & procedures for each category as a
guideline to member countries.

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