The Indian constitution is the longest and most detailed in the world. Some key facts about its development include:
1) It took over 2 years and 11 months to develop between 1946-1949, costing 64 lakhs. B.R. Ambedkar played a pivotal role as the chairman of the drafting committee.
2) The constituent assembly adopted the constitution on November 26, 1949 and it came into effect on January 26, 1950, which is now celebrated as Republic Day.
3) The constitution borrows elements from several nations like fundamental rights from the US, directive principles of state policy from Ireland, and the parliamentary system from Britain.
4) At over 450 articles and 100 amendments,
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that a constitution is a written set of rules that defines the structure and powers of a government. It then outlines the history of the Indian Constitution, including how the Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 to draft the constitution after independence from Britain. Key details on the drafting process over three years and the main features of the Indian Constitution are also summarized, such as its length, blend of flexibility and rigidity, and guarantee of fundamental rights and duties.
The document summarizes the structure of India's parliamentary system. It describes the two houses of Parliament - the Lok Sabha, or House of the People, which has 552 members directly elected by the people, and the Rajya Sabha, or Council of States, which has 250 members with most elected by state assemblies and some nominated by the President. It provides information on the current party breakdown in the Lok Sabha, listing the major alliances and their seat distributions. It also includes brief descriptions of the Vice President, Rajya Sabha membership rules, current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Madras High Court, and subordinate courts below the High Courts.
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It draws from various indigenous and foreign sources such as the Government of India Act of 1935 as well as constitutions of the U.S., U.K., Canada, and Ireland. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. It has both federal and unitary features - executive and legislative powers are divided between the central and state governments, but the central government can take control in times of emergency. The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to citizens and directive principles for policymaking.
The Indian Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949 and enforced on January 26, 1950. It was drafted by a 299-member Constituent Assembly dominated by the Indian National Congress and represented various religious and social groups. The Assembly was chaired by B.R. Ambedkar and deliberated for 114 days over three years to draft the Constitution through discussion and consensus. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a preamble outlining its guiding principles.
The document provides information about the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Constitution of India. It states that the DPSP are non-justiciable guidelines for governments to establish a just society. The principles were inspired by the Irish Constitution and Gandhism. They aim to create conditions for good living and establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state. The DPSP are classified into socialist, Gandhian, liberal and general principles and are embodied in Articles 36-51 of the Constitution.
In this article Shahid has explained about the Preamble and its Values. We the people of India having solemnly resolve to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and secure to all its citizens.
An Overview of the History of Pakistan: 1947 - 1973 Waleed Liaqat
ย
Describes early problems faced by Pakistan as an independent state.
Major events between 1947 and 1973 are given in a timeline. Foreign relations between Pakistan and power states such as China,Former USSR and US are also described.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's search for a stable constitution from its independence in 1947 through 1973. It discusses the various constitutions and constitutional assemblies during this period, including the dissolution of the first constituent assembly in 1954, the second assembly's passing of the 1956 constitution, Ayub Khan's 1962 presidential constitution, and General Yahya Khan's 1970 elections and Legal Framework Order. The document focuses on the instability caused by arbitrarily made compromises in these early constitutions and the lack of checks and balances on presidential power.
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that a constitution is a written set of rules that defines the structure and powers of a government. It then outlines the history of the Indian Constitution, including how the Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 to draft the constitution after independence from Britain. Key details on the drafting process over three years and the main features of the Indian Constitution are also summarized, such as its length, blend of flexibility and rigidity, and guarantee of fundamental rights and duties.
The document summarizes the structure of India's parliamentary system. It describes the two houses of Parliament - the Lok Sabha, or House of the People, which has 552 members directly elected by the people, and the Rajya Sabha, or Council of States, which has 250 members with most elected by state assemblies and some nominated by the President. It provides information on the current party breakdown in the Lok Sabha, listing the major alliances and their seat distributions. It also includes brief descriptions of the Vice President, Rajya Sabha membership rules, current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Madras High Court, and subordinate courts below the High Courts.
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It draws from various indigenous and foreign sources such as the Government of India Act of 1935 as well as constitutions of the U.S., U.K., Canada, and Ireland. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. It has both federal and unitary features - executive and legislative powers are divided between the central and state governments, but the central government can take control in times of emergency. The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to citizens and directive principles for policymaking.
The Indian Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949 and enforced on January 26, 1950. It was drafted by a 299-member Constituent Assembly dominated by the Indian National Congress and represented various religious and social groups. The Assembly was chaired by B.R. Ambedkar and deliberated for 114 days over three years to draft the Constitution through discussion and consensus. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a preamble outlining its guiding principles.
The document provides information about the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Constitution of India. It states that the DPSP are non-justiciable guidelines for governments to establish a just society. The principles were inspired by the Irish Constitution and Gandhism. They aim to create conditions for good living and establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state. The DPSP are classified into socialist, Gandhian, liberal and general principles and are embodied in Articles 36-51 of the Constitution.
In this article Shahid has explained about the Preamble and its Values. We the people of India having solemnly resolve to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and secure to all its citizens.
An Overview of the History of Pakistan: 1947 - 1973 Waleed Liaqat
ย
Describes early problems faced by Pakistan as an independent state.
Major events between 1947 and 1973 are given in a timeline. Foreign relations between Pakistan and power states such as China,Former USSR and US are also described.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's search for a stable constitution from its independence in 1947 through 1973. It discusses the various constitutions and constitutional assemblies during this period, including the dissolution of the first constituent assembly in 1954, the second assembly's passing of the 1956 constitution, Ayub Khan's 1962 presidential constitution, and General Yahya Khan's 1970 elections and Legal Framework Order. The document focuses on the instability caused by arbitrarily made compromises in these early constitutions and the lack of checks and balances on presidential power.
The India Independence Act of 1947 established the independence of India and Pakistan from British rule. It created the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan, with India comprising most of British India except for certain provinces divided into Pakistan. The Act established that both dominions would be fully independent and have their own legislatures and governor-generals appointed by the King. It outlined that British rule over India would officially end on August 15, 1947 and transferred governing responsibilities to the new Indian and Pakistani governments.
The document discusses the history and objectives of Pakistan's constitution. It outlines how the Lahore Resolution of 1940 first proposed the idea of a separate Muslim homeland called Pakistan. On March 12, 1949, Pakistan's Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan introduced the Objectives Resolution which established that Pakistan's future constitution would be based on Islamic ideology and democracy rather than European models. The Resolution outlined several principles including that sovereignty belongs to God and the state exercises power on His behalf, democracy and social justice will be observed under Islamic principles, and minorities will be free to practice their religions.
OBJECTIVE
The scope of this webinar shall be confined to the historical backdrop of the Constitution of India and the events that led to the enactment of the Constitution with specific focus on the contributions by the Constituent Assembly and Drafting Committee. The Webinar shall further discuss on the Preamble of the Constitution of India with elaborate explanations on the key terms in the Preamble with their significance. The outline of the entire Indian Constitution is additionally touched upon to provide an insight about various articles and schedules forming part of the Constitution
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 officially declared independence for India and partitioned British India into two separate independent dominions - India and Pakistan. The Act established the dominions with legislative supremacy and freedom from British rule. It took effect on August 15, 1947, bringing the British period in India to an end after over 300 years and establishing India's status as an independent and sovereign republic within the Commonwealth.
This document outlines the initial difficulties Pakistan faced after independence in 1947, including choosing a capital city and establishing a government, unfair boundary distributions that gave key areas to India, the massacre of Muslim refugees in India, disputes over the division of military and financial assets with India, canal water disputes, the Kashmir dispute, constitutional problems, electricity problems, and the death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1948. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, Pakistan was established as an independent Muslim state through the efforts of Jinnah and his principles of unity, faith, and discipline.
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan:
- Established Pakistan as an Islamic republic and required the president to be Muslim.
- Provided for a parliamentary system of government led by a prime minister responsible to the National Assembly.
- Divided governing powers between the federal and provincial governments using lists of responsibilities.
- Guaranteed fundamental rights for citizens but emphasized Islamic principles and sharia law.
- Was opposed by Bengali autonomy groups and never fully implemented before being abrogated in 1958 under martial law.
The document summarizes the key political and constitutional developments in Pakistan from 1947 to 1958. It discusses Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's role as the first Governor General, the leadership of Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister, the passing of the Objectives Resolution in 1949, the work of the Basic Principles Committee to develop constitutional frameworks, and the drafting and passing of Pakistan's first constitution in 1956 before it was abrogated by a military coup in 1958.
Materi subtansi hak dan kewajiban asasi manusia dalam pancasilaedo soehendro
ย
Pancasila menjamin hak dan kewajiban asasi manusia melalui nilai-nilai dasar, instrumental, dan praksis yang terkandung di dalamnya. Nilai dasar mencakup ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan, dan keadilan yang menjamin hak beragama, kesetaraan, persatuan bangsa, demokrasi, dan keadilan sosial. Nilai instrumental diwujudkan dalam undang-undang yang mengatur hak asasi. Nilai praksis mel
The document provides a detailed biography and political career of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as the Father of Pakistan. It summarizes that Jinnah led the successful creation of Pakistan as an independent homeland for Muslims in South Asia after decades of struggle. As a young lawyer in India, he entered politics and worked for decades to represent Muslim political interests and protect their rights through constitutional means, but ultimately came to believe the only solution was an independent state for Muslims after rising Hindu-Muslim tensions.
Constitution
Constitution of Pakistan
Forms of Constitution
Salient features of Constitutions
Comparison of Constitution
Islamic Provisions of 1973 constitution
Conclusion
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
ย
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
political system of Sri Lanka and comparison with political system of PakistanAreej Shahid
ย
Sri Lanka has a semi-presidential system of government with an executive president directly elected to a five-year term who appoints ministers responsible to Parliament. Pakistan has a federal parliamentary republic where the prime minister is the head of government and the president a ceremonial figurehead. Both countries elect a legislature every five years - Sri Lanka's has 225 members and Pakistan's has two houses totaling 446 members. Their judiciaries are headed by a supreme court and interpret laws based on a blend of legal traditions.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang materi pelajaran Bela Negara di SMPN 21 Kota Serang untuk kelas IX semester 1. Materi pelajaran tersebut mencakup pengertian negara, unsur-unsur negara, fungsi negara, dan tujuan negara.
The document discusses the constitutions of Pakistan, including the 1956, 1962, and 1973 constitutions. It provides details on the key features of each constitution such as the political system, roles of the president and prime minister, structure of the national assembly, and federalism. It notes that the 1956 constitution was the country's first but was never fully implemented as no elections were held. The 1962 constitution established after a military coup centralized power in the presidency.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang peran Nahdlatul Ulama dalam sejarah kelahiran Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia. Nahdlatul Ulama berperan penting dalam gerakan kemerdekaan dengan mendidik masyarakat akan semangat nasionalisme melalui Nahdatul Waton sejak 1916. Nahdlatul Ulama juga melawan penjajah Belanda dengan berbagai perlawanan terhadap kebijakan kolonial Belanda di bidang hukum dan pendidikan
The document outlines Pakistan's national Vision 2025 which aims to place Pakistan among the top 25 economies in the world by 2047 and in the upper middle income category by 2025. It details 7 pillars needed to achieve this vision, including developing human capital, achieving sustained economic growth, improving governance, and ensuring energy, food, and water security. Key goals include increasing literacy and education levels, reducing poverty, boosting foreign investment, and improving infrastructure connectivity. The vision provides long-term direction and a roadmap to address Pakistan's social, economic and security challenges through coordinated policy reforms.
Terima kasih atas pertanyaan yang menarik. Saya menanggapi beberapa poin:
1. Pancasila sebagai pandangan hidup karena mengandung nilai-nilai luhur yang dapat dijadikan pedoman bagi seluruh warga negara dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Contohnya nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, persatuan, gotong royong, dan sebagainya.
2. Mahasiswa dapat melestarikan nilai-nilai Pancasila antara lain dengan men
The document discusses the various constitutional commissions established in Nepal to promote marginalized groups. It outlines 7 commissions: the Finance Commission, National Women Commission, Dalit Commission, Inclusion Commission, Adivasi Janajati Commission, Madhesi Commission, and Tharu Commission. Each commission is tasked with formulating policies, conducting research, and monitoring programs to empower their respective communities and promote their welfare, rights, and representation. The commissions have a chairperson and 4 members appointed for 6 years to carry out their duties according to the federal constitution and laws of Nepal.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Constitution of India, including its history, framing, principles, and structure. It notes that the Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with the goal of securing justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity for its citizens.
The document discusses the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to draft the Constitution of India after independence from Britain. It describes the Assembly's objectives of drafting, approving, and promulgating the constitution. It also summarizes the process of drafting the constitution, including borrowing features from other countries. Key figures involved included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the drafting committee. The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India to a sovereign republic.
The India Independence Act of 1947 established the independence of India and Pakistan from British rule. It created the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan, with India comprising most of British India except for certain provinces divided into Pakistan. The Act established that both dominions would be fully independent and have their own legislatures and governor-generals appointed by the King. It outlined that British rule over India would officially end on August 15, 1947 and transferred governing responsibilities to the new Indian and Pakistani governments.
The document discusses the history and objectives of Pakistan's constitution. It outlines how the Lahore Resolution of 1940 first proposed the idea of a separate Muslim homeland called Pakistan. On March 12, 1949, Pakistan's Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan introduced the Objectives Resolution which established that Pakistan's future constitution would be based on Islamic ideology and democracy rather than European models. The Resolution outlined several principles including that sovereignty belongs to God and the state exercises power on His behalf, democracy and social justice will be observed under Islamic principles, and minorities will be free to practice their religions.
OBJECTIVE
The scope of this webinar shall be confined to the historical backdrop of the Constitution of India and the events that led to the enactment of the Constitution with specific focus on the contributions by the Constituent Assembly and Drafting Committee. The Webinar shall further discuss on the Preamble of the Constitution of India with elaborate explanations on the key terms in the Preamble with their significance. The outline of the entire Indian Constitution is additionally touched upon to provide an insight about various articles and schedules forming part of the Constitution
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 officially declared independence for India and partitioned British India into two separate independent dominions - India and Pakistan. The Act established the dominions with legislative supremacy and freedom from British rule. It took effect on August 15, 1947, bringing the British period in India to an end after over 300 years and establishing India's status as an independent and sovereign republic within the Commonwealth.
This document outlines the initial difficulties Pakistan faced after independence in 1947, including choosing a capital city and establishing a government, unfair boundary distributions that gave key areas to India, the massacre of Muslim refugees in India, disputes over the division of military and financial assets with India, canal water disputes, the Kashmir dispute, constitutional problems, electricity problems, and the death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1948. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, Pakistan was established as an independent Muslim state through the efforts of Jinnah and his principles of unity, faith, and discipline.
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan:
- Established Pakistan as an Islamic republic and required the president to be Muslim.
- Provided for a parliamentary system of government led by a prime minister responsible to the National Assembly.
- Divided governing powers between the federal and provincial governments using lists of responsibilities.
- Guaranteed fundamental rights for citizens but emphasized Islamic principles and sharia law.
- Was opposed by Bengali autonomy groups and never fully implemented before being abrogated in 1958 under martial law.
The document summarizes the key political and constitutional developments in Pakistan from 1947 to 1958. It discusses Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's role as the first Governor General, the leadership of Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister, the passing of the Objectives Resolution in 1949, the work of the Basic Principles Committee to develop constitutional frameworks, and the drafting and passing of Pakistan's first constitution in 1956 before it was abrogated by a military coup in 1958.
Materi subtansi hak dan kewajiban asasi manusia dalam pancasilaedo soehendro
ย
Pancasila menjamin hak dan kewajiban asasi manusia melalui nilai-nilai dasar, instrumental, dan praksis yang terkandung di dalamnya. Nilai dasar mencakup ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan, dan keadilan yang menjamin hak beragama, kesetaraan, persatuan bangsa, demokrasi, dan keadilan sosial. Nilai instrumental diwujudkan dalam undang-undang yang mengatur hak asasi. Nilai praksis mel
The document provides a detailed biography and political career of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as the Father of Pakistan. It summarizes that Jinnah led the successful creation of Pakistan as an independent homeland for Muslims in South Asia after decades of struggle. As a young lawyer in India, he entered politics and worked for decades to represent Muslim political interests and protect their rights through constitutional means, but ultimately came to believe the only solution was an independent state for Muslims after rising Hindu-Muslim tensions.
Constitution
Constitution of Pakistan
Forms of Constitution
Salient features of Constitutions
Comparison of Constitution
Islamic Provisions of 1973 constitution
Conclusion
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
ย
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
political system of Sri Lanka and comparison with political system of PakistanAreej Shahid
ย
Sri Lanka has a semi-presidential system of government with an executive president directly elected to a five-year term who appoints ministers responsible to Parliament. Pakistan has a federal parliamentary republic where the prime minister is the head of government and the president a ceremonial figurehead. Both countries elect a legislature every five years - Sri Lanka's has 225 members and Pakistan's has two houses totaling 446 members. Their judiciaries are headed by a supreme court and interpret laws based on a blend of legal traditions.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang materi pelajaran Bela Negara di SMPN 21 Kota Serang untuk kelas IX semester 1. Materi pelajaran tersebut mencakup pengertian negara, unsur-unsur negara, fungsi negara, dan tujuan negara.
The document discusses the constitutions of Pakistan, including the 1956, 1962, and 1973 constitutions. It provides details on the key features of each constitution such as the political system, roles of the president and prime minister, structure of the national assembly, and federalism. It notes that the 1956 constitution was the country's first but was never fully implemented as no elections were held. The 1962 constitution established after a military coup centralized power in the presidency.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang peran Nahdlatul Ulama dalam sejarah kelahiran Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia. Nahdlatul Ulama berperan penting dalam gerakan kemerdekaan dengan mendidik masyarakat akan semangat nasionalisme melalui Nahdatul Waton sejak 1916. Nahdlatul Ulama juga melawan penjajah Belanda dengan berbagai perlawanan terhadap kebijakan kolonial Belanda di bidang hukum dan pendidikan
The document outlines Pakistan's national Vision 2025 which aims to place Pakistan among the top 25 economies in the world by 2047 and in the upper middle income category by 2025. It details 7 pillars needed to achieve this vision, including developing human capital, achieving sustained economic growth, improving governance, and ensuring energy, food, and water security. Key goals include increasing literacy and education levels, reducing poverty, boosting foreign investment, and improving infrastructure connectivity. The vision provides long-term direction and a roadmap to address Pakistan's social, economic and security challenges through coordinated policy reforms.
Terima kasih atas pertanyaan yang menarik. Saya menanggapi beberapa poin:
1. Pancasila sebagai pandangan hidup karena mengandung nilai-nilai luhur yang dapat dijadikan pedoman bagi seluruh warga negara dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Contohnya nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, persatuan, gotong royong, dan sebagainya.
2. Mahasiswa dapat melestarikan nilai-nilai Pancasila antara lain dengan men
The document discusses the various constitutional commissions established in Nepal to promote marginalized groups. It outlines 7 commissions: the Finance Commission, National Women Commission, Dalit Commission, Inclusion Commission, Adivasi Janajati Commission, Madhesi Commission, and Tharu Commission. Each commission is tasked with formulating policies, conducting research, and monitoring programs to empower their respective communities and promote their welfare, rights, and representation. The commissions have a chairperson and 4 members appointed for 6 years to carry out their duties according to the federal constitution and laws of Nepal.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Constitution of India, including its history, framing, principles, and structure. It notes that the Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with the goal of securing justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity for its citizens.
The document discusses the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to draft the Constitution of India after independence from Britain. It describes the Assembly's objectives of drafting, approving, and promulgating the constitution. It also summarizes the process of drafting the constitution, including borrowing features from other countries. Key figures involved included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the drafting committee. The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India to a sovereign republic.
Sections Included:
1. Introduction
2. Constitution of India
3. Need for Constitution in a Democracy
4. History
5. Structure
6. Framing
7. Interesting Facts
8. Conclusion
Indian Constitution and Political CommunicationAmber Bhaumik
ย
The Constitution of India lays out the framework for the government of India. It establishes the main organs of state - the legislature, executive, and judiciary - and defines their powers and relationships. The constituent assembly drafted the constitution over three years, borrowing from other constitutions as well as India's own traditions. The constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government.
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India that lays down the framework for the government. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and defines the relationship between the federal government and state governments. The Constitution is the longest in the world with 395 articles and 12 schedules at the time of framing. It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly over two years and came into effect on January 26, 1950. Key architects include B.R. Ambedkar who chaired the Drafting Committee.
The Indian constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly elected in 1946, led by B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the Drafting Committee. Over two years, the 308 members of the Assembly met for 166 days to debate and finalize the constitution, adopting it on November 26, 1949 and enforcing it on January 26, 1950. Key figures in the Assembly included Nehru, Patel, Azad, Prasad and Munshi. The Drafting Committee was appointed on August 29, 1947 consisting of Ambedkar and six others to prepare drafts of the constitution for debate and approval.
The document discusses key aspects of the Indian Constitution including:
- It was adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950.
- The constitution defines the form of government and divides powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches.
- It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly headed by B.R. Ambedkar and finalized on January 24, 1950 when it was signed by the Assembly members.
The document discusses the democratic constitution in South Africa and the struggle against apartheid. It describes how Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 28 years for opposing apartheid. Apartheid divided people based on skin color, oppressing blacks. The African National Congress led struggles against segregation policies from 1950 onward. As protests increased, discriminatory laws were repealed and Mandela was freed. Finally, in 1994, South Africa's new democratic constitution was adopted, protecting extensive citizen rights.
The document outlines the syllabus for a course on the Indian Constitution. It covers 5 units: an introduction to the Constitution; the Union Government; State Government; local administration; and the Election Commission. The introduction unit covers the making of the Constitution and key concepts like fundamental rights and duties. The Union Government unit discusses bodies like the President, Prime Minister, and Parliament. State Government examines roles of the Governor and state legislative bodies. Local administration analyzes structures like district administration and panchayats. The final unit addresses the role and functioning of the Election Commission of India. The course aims to develop knowledge of India's constitutional organization and governance systems at various levels.
The document summarizes the key developments in the evolution of the Indian constitution prior to its enactment in 1950. It discusses how the national movement popularized principles like democracy, civil liberties, and social justice. It also outlines proposals like the Nehru Report of 1928 and the demand for a Constituent Assembly to draft the constitution. The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 and subsequent elections led to the convening of the Constituent Assembly, which worked for nearly three years to draft and enact the final constitution on January 26, 1950.
Llb i choi u iii introduction to indian constitutionRai University
ย
The Indian Constitution was created after independence from Britain in 1947. It was influenced by several other constitutions from around the world, including the British parliamentary system, U.S. concepts of judicial independence and fundamental rights, Canada's federal system, and Germany's emergency provisions. The constitution was drafted over three years by a committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. It was adopted on November 26, 1949 and enacted on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with concepts of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity according to the preamble.
The document provides an overview of the Indian constitution and the process of its creation. It discusses the key indigenous and foreign influences on the constitution. It also summarizes the important constitutional landmarks in modern India and the process of framing the constitution between 1946-1950, which involved the constituent assembly drafting and finalizing the document over several years.
The document provides information on the Indian constitution, including:
1. It defines a constitution as a set of fundamental principles that govern how a state is organized.
2. The Indian constitution is the supreme law of the land and all other laws must conform to it. It defines the government and the relationship between the government and citizens.
3. The Indian constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly over a period of almost 3 years, borrowing elements from several other constitutions, and came into effect on January 26, 1950.
The PowerPoint presentation on the basics of the Indian Constitution offers a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the foundational principles and structure of India's constitutional framework. The presentation covers key aspects such as the historical background leading to the adoption of the Constitution, the constituent assembly and its members, the guiding principles and philosophy enshrined in the Constitution, and an overview of the fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy. It also explores the three organs of the government - the legislature, executive, and judiciary - and their roles and functions. With its clear and informative content, this presentation serves as an excellent starting point for understanding the fundamental principles and structure of the Indian Constitution.
A helpful powerpoint presentation that covers the entire chapter 15 of class 12 NCERT in the form of short bullet points. Extremely informative with pictures and extra information from outside the book to give a more in-depth understanding of the chapter
The preamble of the Indian constitution outlines its basic philosophical values including sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy, justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. Drafting the constitution was challenging given India's diversity and the trauma of partition. The constituent assembly, composed of elected representatives from across India, deliberated for over two years to craft a constitution that would unite the country and protect fundamental rights for all.
The preamble of the Indian constitution outlines its basic philosophical values including sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy, justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. Drafting the constitution was challenging given India's diversity and the trauma of partition. The constituent assembly, composed of elected representatives from across India, deliberated extensively over three years to agree on the constitution and establish India as a sovereign, democratic republic.
This document provides an overview of the Constitution of India. It discusses that the Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, containing 395 articles across 22 parts. Key points include:
- The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and outlines the framework of government.
- It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly over a period of 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, and came into effect on January 26, 1950.
- The Constitution has its origins in the Government of India Acts passed by the British Parliament and was significantly influenced by the experiences of the Indian independence movement.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Indian constitution and government. It discusses how the constitution establishes India as a sovereign democratic republic and guarantees fundamental rights and directive principles. It also summarizes India's adoption of a parliamentary system of government with a federal structure consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories.
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ย
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
ย
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
1. Interesting facts about Indian
Constitution:-
India got its freedom on 15th of august 1947. But the need for a constitution started in 1934. So,
in 1946 constituent assembly was adopted. Its main function was to create the Constitution of
India. So today we will discuss some interesting facts about Indian Constitution.
The Constitution assembly of India accepted the constitution on 26th Nov 1949. It came into
force on 26th Jan 1950. Today we celebrate 26th Jan as Republic day due to it.
There was a historical reason for selecting 26th Jan. On 26th jan 1930 Indian National
Congress led the foundation of Purna Swaraj. Purna swaraj means total independence.
Before discussing Interesting facts about Indian Constitution, letโs understand what the
constitution is?
The Constitution is basically the supreme book of any country. It guides the country how the
governance will take. It gives some supreme and basic rights to citizens of the country.
Long Back from Mughals to Europeans we were ruled about 1000 years. Being the most
diversified country with 8 major religions and 1400 languages, Indian constitution is oxygen for
us.
Indian constitution interferes in our day to day life. Thatโs the beauty of it. It is a long fascinating
journey of the Constitution of India. Let's discuss now Interesting facts about Indian constitution.
1. Constitution day is observed on 26th Nov.
Every year on 26th Nov Constitution day or Samvidhan day is celebrated. On the 125th birth
anniversary of B.R.Ambedkar, in 2015 Nov 15 govt of India declared 26th Nov as Constitution
day.
Also, the statue of Babasaheb was also inaugurated in Mumbai. The Statue of equality
memorial was inaugurated on Oct 11, 2015.
2. 2. Babasaheb was ready to burn his Constitution.
The Constitution maker himself was ready to burn it, but why? The reason was to give more
rights to the Governor of the state. On 2 sep 1953 there was strong argument in parliament
regarding this topic.
Prime constitution makers like babasaheb were against it. They said only the Chief Minister or
Prime Minister should have a strong hold on the state and country. In todayโs constitution of
India we may see a 90:10 ratio in terms of power.
His famous quote โMajor harm to the country is if you injure the minoritiesโ. So he thought that
the Governor is not a person who is elected by people. So he should not have important powers
of state. Isnโt it an interesting fact about Indian Constitution?
3. 3. First meeting of the Constituent Assembly.
Indiaโs future was started drawing on 9th Dec 1946. On this date there was the first meeting of
the Constituent assembly. It had so many members which later went to trash due to partition.
Sachindra Sinha was the acting temporary president at that time. After this meeting just after 8
months India got its freedom. But harmful was that it got separated into two pieces.
4. 4. Till date 104 amendments are done.
India started working with the constitution on 26th jan 1950. Our Indian constitution is neither
rigid nor more flexible like other countries. But surely it can be amended under parliament of
India with article 368.
It is not as easy like Britain or hard like the USA to make changes. Till today there were 104
amendments done. Most famous is the 42th amendment of 1976.
It was done in emergency and the preamble of the constitution was amended by adding 3
words. Those three words were secular, socialist and integrity.
5. Longest and Voluminous Constitution of the world.
Indian constitution is the longest, lengthiest and biggest voluminous constitution of the world.
Today it has about 25 parts, 12 schedules and 448 articles.
Thing to be noticed here is it is the only sovereign and republic country which has this
diversified in it. It was signed on 24th jan 1950 along with other 284 members. There were 15
women in it. Durgabai deshmukh was famous and wife of C.D.Deshmukh.
Also some other notable women were Vijayalaxmi Pandit, Sarojini Naidu, Ammu Swaminanthan,
Dakshayani velayudan, Begum raisul.
6. Handwritten Constitution.
Indian Constitution was neither typed nor printed. It was completely manually written by Prem
Behari Narain Raizada. It was written in calligraphy and some basic italic style.
He was given some special status for it. He was also allotted a special room in Constituent
assembly. It took around six months to complete writing.
He used N0.303 nibs and 254 pen holders for writing. He didn't even charge a single penny for
it. He just ask for permission to write his and his grandfather's name on every page.
It was published in Dehradun and was photolithography by the Survey of India. This is most
Interesting fact about Indian Constitution.
5. 7. Two languages.
The Constitution of India was written in two languages i.e English and Hindi. All members of
constituent assembly had to sign in two languages.
Do you know where the original copies of the Constitution are? They are kept in special
helium-filled cases in the library of parliament. It is located in delhi.
English version has 1,17,369 words in it.
8. Bags of borrowings.
Most part was taken from the Govt act of 1935. Here is a list of what we took from which
country.
1) American:- Fundamental Rights and Judicial System.
2) French:- Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
3) South Africa:- Amendment of Indian Constitution
4) Russia:- Fundamental duties, Five year plans
5) Weimar:- Emergency
6) Irish:- Directive principles, Election of President.
7) Australian :- Concurrent list, Freedom of service and trade in country.
8) Canadian:- Centre-State relations
9) British:- Single Citizenship, Parliamentary form,Speakers.
10) Act 1935:- Office of Governor in State, Basic Structure
11) Japan: Law of supreme court
6. 9. Decoration.
Every page was decorated by Shantiniketan artists. They had a team which manually did this
work. Nandalal Bose himself painted many images.
Most of the preamble was painted by his student Beohar Rammanohar Sinha.The work was
done in kala bhavan and Nandalal was also known as acharya.
7. 10. Amendments.
Over 2400 amendments were done. There were three readings that took place. The 2nd
reading was longest and had major amendments.
Final draft was ready on 26th Nov 1949. There were a total 11 sessions in Constituent
assembly. Last 11th session was between 14-26th Nov.
11. Duration-Cost.
It took over 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to make the constitution. It cost around 64 lakhs to
build the constitution. Draft committee was made on 29th aug 1946 and total work was
completed on 24th jan 1950.
While signing the constitution it was raining outside which is a good symbol in indian culture. 1st
meeting of the constitution took place on 9th dec 1946.
12. Sign-Enforcement.
The 1st signature was done by Prime Minister Nehru. And then later on 283 members did it. As I
mentioned, every member signed two times.Signature process took on 24th Jan 1950. Also, we
adopted the National anthem and song on that day.
Enforcement was done on 26th Jan 1950. Reason for it was that the Purna Swaraj movement
took place on 26th jan 1930. The National Emblem of India was also adopted on 26th jan 1950.
13. 42nd-44th-Right to property.
Till now the biggest amendment was done in 1976. This was the time when the country was
suffering from the dictatorship of Indira Gandhi. The Preamble of indian constitution was
amended by adding three words.
The 44th amendment is too famous because there was a non-congress govt 1st time. It just
abolished the fundamental right of property. It removes the right to hold, acquire and dispose of
property.
8. 14. We the People.
Both Indian and american constitution started with WE THE PEOPLE. According to experts it is
the best gesture to every citizen of India. Also this reminds us of Swami Vivekananda's famous
statement โBrothers and Sisters of Americaโ.
15. Preamble.
Indian Constitution has a preamble in it. Oftenly many countries don't have it. It is also called the
Identity card of the Constitution. N.A.Palkhivala gaved this term to it.
Main keywords in preamble are socialist, secular, sovereign, democratic, republic, justice,
liberty, equality and fraternity.
16. Federal and Unitary Const.
Rigid constitution, division of powers and supremacy are federal features. Union of states,
Union judiciary and emergency provisions are Unitary provisions.
17. People are real power.
Best thing about Indian constitution is that here people are kings. They got fundamental rights,
duties and also can challenge the PM, CM. A simple person here can be Prime Minister of India.
There is a proper parliamentary system with the Head of council and its ministers. Thatโs make
Constitution of India powerful.
18. Single Citizenship
Indian constitution strictly offords only Citizenship with it. If you adopt any other country
citizenship then you will automatically get withdrawn from indian citizenship.
9. 19. Head and President of the Assembly.
Dr.Sachchidananda Sinha was temporary president of Const assembly. Permanent president
was elected Dr.Rajendra Prasad. Head of Drafting committee was B.R.Ambedkar. There were
two vice presidents H.C.Mukherjee and V.T.Krishnamachari.
20. Father of Indian Constitution.
Bharat Ratna Dr.B.R.Ambedkar is regarded as the father of Indian Constitution for his notable
work. Also, some called him the Architect of Indian Constitution. He is the one today we are
discussing Interesting facts about Indian Constitution.
10.
11. Some other important points:-
โ There are still 2.2 crore cases pending in district and high courts of India. India just has
21000 judges with them.
โ About 23 million people of India are under trial for ongoing cases.
โ It is the most respected, honorous and demanded constitution in the world.
โ Writing took place around 6 months.
โ It is indirectly involved in our day to day life and about 60 % text was taken from the Govt
Act of 1935.
โ Dimensions of constitution are 30 * 21 * 9 inches. Temperature is fixed at 20 degree
celsius. It is a total 251 pages manuscript.
โ Weight is 3.75 kilograms and title is Constitution of India.
โ There were a total 11 sessions comprising 165 days.
โ B.R. Ambedkar Diwan Bahadur Sir Narasimha Gopalaswami Ayyangar K.M.
Munshi Sir Syed Muhammad. Madhav Rao and D.P.Khaitan were important
members of the drafting committee.
โ Most important sentence which unites India is โ India, that is Bharat shall be the
Union of Statesโ.
โ The Road Map of the constitution is an objective resolution. It was done on 13th
Dec 1946. It was served by Jawaharlal Nehru.
โ One important signature which is not there is of Mahatma Gandhi.
โ Even we missed signatures of the great Netaji Subhas Chnadra Bose, Bhagat
Singh, Chandra shekar Azad and Lal-Bal-Pal trio.
โ There were a total 299 members.Only 114days were spent on the Draft
committee.
โ It was the constitution of India who gave females the right to vote.
โ It was in 1934 when M.N.Roy gave an idea of the constitution.
โ B.N.Rao was constitutional advisor in constituent assembly.
โ Important committee and their chairman
1) Babasaheb ambedkar: Draft committee
2) Rajendra Prasad: Steering committee, National flag
3) Jawaharlal Nehru: States committee, union powers and Union constitution
4) Vallabhbhai Patel: On Fundamental rights, Tribal areas and Minorities
5) H.C.Mukherjee: Minorities Sub committee
โ Indian republic day is celebrated for 3 days upto 29th jan.
โ Abdul Kalam azad signed his name in Urdu language. Majority of people signed
in the Devanagari script.
โ Images were painted of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Lord Mahavira, Lord Buddha,
Rani laxmi bai, Asoka and Tipu Sultan.
โ Hindi is not the National Language of India. Infact India doesn't have any
National language. There were 2 official languages adopted and 22 schedules
are there.
12. โ We have both parliamentary as well as presidential form.
โ Religion wise representation in Constituent assembly. Hindu:163, Muslim:80,
SC:31, Christians:6, Tribes:6, Sikhs:4, Anglo Indians:3, Parsees:3
Indian Constituent Books:
1) Indiaโs founding moment
2) Introduction to Constitution of India
3) The Indian Constitution
4) The peopleโs constitution
5) Working a democratic constitution
6) Bharat ka Samvidhan
7) The transformative constitution
Mistakes in Indian Constitution:
Indiaโs constitution is regarded as the best constituent in the world. Being the lengthiest it just
has 104 amendments. But some experts didnโt like article 2 and 3.
It says that the centre can change the name and boundary of state with just a simple majority.
No doubt India is a Union of states, but the centre might do dictatorship on states for their own
political gain. This is where we get interesting facts about Indian Constitution.
Important facts about Indian Constitution for
competitive exams:
Some important points like Fundamental rights, Directive principles of state policy, Citizenship,
Centre-State relations, Parliament, President, Emergency provisions, Supreme court and High
court, Panchayat raj and election commission.
Some strangest laws in India:
1) Single Citizenship
2) Unlimited times President and Prime Minister of india
3) Death penalty for rape and terroist attacks
4) Indian telegraph act 1885
13. 5) Indian factories act 1948
Conclusion:
In this article we went through interesting facts about Indian Constitution. We saw how indian
constitution interferes in our daily lives. Also here power lies with people only. Even the Prime
Minister and President can't do dictatorship on people.
Some key points are single citizenship. Fundamental rights and DPSP is too spinal cord for
Indians. Proudest thing here is that the world considers it as the best constitution in the World.
Hope we help you to understand Interesting facts about Indian constitution in simple language.
If you really like our article please share it with friends.
JAY HINDโฆ.!!!!!