The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.

1. DISCRETIONARY POWERS OF
THE PESIDENT (OF INDIA) AND
THE GOVERNOR (OF WEST
BENGAL).

3. PRESENTEDBY:
JOYEETA DAS - 012.
SECTION – A,
B.A.
Semester- 1,
English Department,
School of Social Science.

4. President…The word president is derived from the Latin prae- "before" + sedere "to
sit." As such, it originally designated the officer who presides over or "sits
before" a gathering and ensures that debate is conducted according to
the rules of order.
In politics, president is a title given to leaders of republican states. In the
modern world, it is a common title for the head of state in most republics.
The functions exercised by a president vary according to the form of
government. In parliamentary and semi-presidential republics, they are
limited to those of the head of state, and are thus largely ceremonial.
In presidential republics, the role of the president is more prominent,
encompassing also (in most cases) the functions of the head of government.
In authoritarian regimes, a dictator or leader of a one-party state may also be
called a president, often charismatically.

5. 14 th President of India…
 Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian
politician who is the President of India, in office since
2017.
 Previously he served as Governor of Bihar from 2015
to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya
Sabha from 1994 to 2006. He was a leader of
the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
 Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate
by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017
presidential elections, becoming the second Dalit to
be elected to the post of President.
 He assumed office on 25 July 2017.
 Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years
and had practiced in the Delhi High Court and
the Supreme Court until 1993.

6. Governor…
A governor, in most cases, is a public official with the power to
govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level
of government, ranking under the head of state. In
federations, governor may be the title of a politician who governs a
constituent state and may be either appointed or elected.
The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the
Latin root gubernare. The historical female form is governess, though
female officials are referred to by the gender-neutral form governor
(without the gender specific suffix) of the noun to avoid confusion
with other meanings of the term.

7. 27 th Governor of West Bengal…
 Keshari Nath Tripathi ( born 10 November 1934) is an
Indian politician and the present Governor of West
Bengal.
He took oath as Governor of West Bengal on 24 July
2014 and as Governor of Bihar on 27 November, same
year.
 He was sworn in as the Governor of Mizoram on 4
April 2015.
 He is a Veteran BJP leader.
Earlier, he was the speaker of Uttar
Pradesh legislative assembly and the president of Uttar
Pradesh unit of Bharatiya Janata Party.

8. Discretionary comes from the word
discretion, which can be used to mean
“the right to decide something based
based on one's own judgment.” If
you're given a task to complete at
discretion, you can decide how you
want to do it — or whether you want
to do it at all.
Meaning:

9. Discretionary Powers of The President…
There are Provisions of many Discretionary power of the
President in Indian constitution, but exercising most of these are
warranted by Council of Ministers that is, Prime Minister, so there
is very little room for President of India to act in his discretion in
day to day business of the government, Still he can use his
discretion in the following matters:
 Sending the bill passed by both houses for reconsideration
(Excluding Money Bill and Constitutional Amendment Bill).
 Vetoing the bill - Withholding the bill.
 Vetoing on State Legislatures' bill which are recommended by
Governor of the state for Presidential Consideration.

10. Under Article 74, president can send the advice of the council of
ministers for reconsideration.
Under Article 78,the prime minister shall inform the president about
the affairs of the administration of the country and the intended
legislation to be passed.
Under Article 78(C)the president may refer an individual decision of a
minister for collective consideration of council of ministers so as to
fulfill the collective responsibility of the council of ministers to Lok
Sabha as given under Article 75 (3).
Under Article 85 the houses of the parliament shall be convened in
such a way that there should not be more than six months lapse
between two sessions of parliament.
Continued…

11. Discretionary Powers of The Governor…
The Governor is the Constitutional head of the State. According
to the Constitution, the decision of the Governor is final and the validity
of anything done by him as a matter of his discretion cannot be
questioned. State Governor has constitutional discretion in the following
cases:
Selection of a Chief Minister.
Dismissal of the Ministry.
 Dissolution of the Legislative Assembly.

12. Advising the President for the
Proclamation of the Emergency.
Asking the Chief Minister to Place a
Matter for the Consideration of the Council
of Ministers.
 Seeking Information from Chief Minister.
Reserve Bill for Consideration of the
President.
Continued…

13.  Appointing the New Prime Minister in case of death of
the Prime Minister in office or in case of hung Parliament.
 With holding the Promulgation of the Ordinance if he is
of the feeling that the ordinance is of bad faith or
affecting the national interest.
 When he seeks advice from the Supreme court, and
after the advice tendered he can act upon his discretion.
 When Prime Minister or any Minister loses the 'No
Confidence Motion', its up to his discretion to dissolve
the Lower house or to look in to the alternative
government farming while life of Lok Sabha is intact.
Continued…

14. conclusion
There by coming to the end of the presentation, I would
like to conclude by saying, it is fascinating to know that
the Discretionary powers of the President are mentioned
explicitly in the constitution, while the same is not
mentioned explicitly for the Governor. It is well
understood from the provisions. Moreover, the Governor
of a State has more discretionary powers than the
President of India. He is not bound to act on the advice of
the Council of Ministers. The President shall act in
accordance with the advice of Council of Ministers with
the Prime Minister at the head.

15. references
 Discretionary Powers research work
‘https://administrativelaw.uslegal.com/administrative-agencies/discretionary-
powers/’ 1978 (accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Referencing style ‘http://guides.library.uwa.edu.au/c.php?g=325241&p=2178602’
(accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Discretionary facts provision ‘http://www.civilsdaily.com/blog/indian-polity-powers-
of-president-and-governor/’ (accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Governor
‘http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3695/7/07_chapter%201.pdf’
(accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Oxford style of referencing ‘http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/get-
assistance/writing/specific-types-papers/writing-literature-review’ (accessed on
September 12 ,2017).
 Example text ‘http://guides.library.uwa.edu.au/c.php?g=325241&p=2177481’
(accessed on September 12 ,2017).

16.  Powers and functions of President of India
‘https://www.google.co.in/searcher=1C1CHZL_enIN760IN760&q=+objectives+of+discr
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owers+of+the+president+of+india+&gs_l=psy-
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ab..16.9.2328...0j35i39k1j0i22i30k1j0i7i30k1j0i13i30k1.PBCBXhJ4F2I’ (accessed on
September 12 ,2017).
 Discretionary powers of President of India ‘https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-
discretionary-powers-of-the-President-of-India’ (accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Powers and functions of Governor of India
‘http://www.importantindia.com/11839/powers-and-functions-of-governor-in-india/’
(accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Powers and functions of Governor ‘http://www.importantindia.com/12229/powers-and-
position-of-governor-of-India/’ (accessed on September 12 ,2017).
 Who is more powerful ‘https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-
law/the-delegation-of-discretionary-powers-administrative-law-essay.php’ (accessed
on September 12 ,2017).

17. …THANK YOU…