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Framing The ConstitutIon PPT CLASS 12

The document outlines the tumultuous context surrounding the framing of the Indian Constitution, highlighting the challenges posed by partition, communal riots, and the need for territorial integration. It details the establishment of the Constituent Assembly on December 11, 1946, which conducted extensive debates over various democratic principles, rights for minorities, and the role of language in governance, leading to the adoption of the Constitution on November 26, 1949. Key issues included the representation of depressed castes, the features of federalism, and the decision on Hindi as the official language, reflecting a diverse and inclusive vision for India.

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Framing The Constitution By- Simran Raina XII-H Vanshika Nag XII-I Kartik Yadav XII-I
A Tumultuous Time
Background of the Framing of the Constitution 15th August 1947 – A day of joy, but was tainted with despair because the country had been divided Large parts of the two new nations were engulfed by communal riots. Mass exodus of people from both states across the new border. Food was scarce and there was fear of administrative breakdown. This period of elation was accompanied by centuries of backwardness, prejudice, inequality and ignorance under the colonial rule. Immediate problem: Territorial and administrative integration of the Princely States, rehabilitation of nearly 6 million refugees and Communist insurgency.
Medium Term problems: Framing a constitution, building a representative democracy and introducing land reforms. Long Term problems: Promoting national integration, facilitating rapid economic development and removing endemic poverty. Most important task- accession of Junagadh, Kashmir and Hyderabad (Princely states) into the Indian union. Communal holocaust- Senseless communal slaughter and atrocities towards minorities in both nations.
Making The Constitution
Constituent Assembly • The Constituent Assembly came into existence on 11th December 1946. Till date, the Constituent Assembly has 145 meetings and framed a draft Constitution. During the constituent assembly discussions, the various laws proposed by the British government in 1901, 1919 and 1935, theBristish Parliamentary System, The American Bill of Rights, the social directive polices of Ireland were studied and some laws of those were written in the Indian Constitution • Finally the Indian Constitution was approved on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950. this day is celebrated as Republic Day in India
Till the time the constitution was being made, India was governed by the Govt. Of India 1935. The Assembly met in sessions open to the public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. It was finally passed and accepted on 26th November 1949. In all, the 284 members of the Assembly signed the official copies of the Indian Constitution.
Prominent Makers of Indian Constituent Assembly
OBJECTIVES OF CONSTITUENTY ASSEMBLY • To set up a Union of India comprising of British India and Princely States • To set up a federal form of Government with separate State and Central Government. • To set up a democracy in which all power is derived from the people • To protect the integrity of India and her sovereign rights over land, sea and air • To help India attain its rightful place in the world and work for peace and welfare
Vision of the Constitution
Objectives Resolution Introduced on 13 December 1946 by Jawaharlal Nehru Outlined the defining ideals of the Constitution like equality, sovereignty and justice Safeguards for minorities like the Depressed Classes and OBCs
Inspiration from Other Democracies Indian Independence Struggle placed under a longer history for liberty and freedom; referring to American and French freedom struggles some provisions inspired and derived from other Western nations Not a direct “copy” - provisions were to be acceptable and beneficial to Indians
Defining Rights DEBATE #1
Issue of Separate Electorates There was great difference of opinion in the Constituent assembly on issues like-‘who could be defined as a minority and what rights they were to have’. Members like B. Pocker Bahadur from Madras wanted to continue the system of separate electorates for minorities. But, most other members of the assembly like- R.V. Dhulekar, Sardar Patel, Govind Ballabh Pant, etc. were against the demands of separate electorates. In view of the experience of the alarming devastation of partition, most members opposed the demand for separate electorates as they thought it would widen the gap of communal mistrust between Hindus and Muslims.
N.G.Ranga and Jaipal Singh’s Demand for Minorities Jaipal Singh Munda was a champion of adivasi politics and empowerment. He spoke for the first time in the assembly in 1946 and proudly owned up to his tribal heritage. N.G. Ranga held that the real minorities were the poor and downtrodden who could not take advantage of their civil rights. Both Jaipal Singh and N.G. Ranga did not ask for separate electorates but for reservation of seats in legislature and assimilation of real minorities and tribes into the affairs of the nation.
Reformations for Depressed Castes Dr. Ambedkar played a significant role in the upliftment of downtrodden castes, especially the “untouchables”. A Harijan Member, J. Nagappa argued for reservation for the depressed castes, who, he felt had suffered due to social norms. K.J. Khanderkar from the Central Provinces demanded that Harijans be given representation according to their numerical strength. After Partition, the constitution defined official reservations in legislatures, government employment and education for members of underprivileged groups, abolished untouchability and declared Hindu temples to be open to all castes.
Powers of the State DEBATE #2
Features of Federalism • Division of power between central and state government • Written constitutution • Independent federal judiciary • Rigid constitution
Unitary Features Of Indian Federalism • Indestructible union and destructible states • Strong centre • Single citizenship • Single constitution for centre and states • Single unified judiciary • Common all india services • Unitary in emergencies
Language of the Nation DEBATE #3
Debate over Hindustani A blend of Hindi and Urdu- thought to be apt by 1930s. Easily understandable by a large section, has words and terms from different sources, multi-cultural By end of 19th century as Hindi and Urdu grew apart, hindustani began to change. Hindi sanskritised while Urdu persianised.
One Nation, Multiple Languages Debate over Hindi - R.S. Dhulekar and G. Durgabai Recognition of regional languages - L.K.Maitra and N.G.Ayyangar Sanskrit as the official language- mother of all languages, related to every Indian language in some way Proposition for Urdu
Hindi - The National Language? By 12 September 1947, the Language Committee of the Constituent Assembly decided that Hindi - the official language but the transition would be gradual. For the first fifteen years, English used for all official purposes and each province was to be allowed to choose one of the regional languages for official work within the province. Hindi as the official rather that the national language- arrive at a solution that would be acceptable to all.
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