The document discusses different theories of intelligence, beginning with defining intelligence as the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and effectively problem solve when faced with challenges. It describes crystallized intelligence involving acquired knowledge and fluid intelligence involving reasoning without prior knowledge. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences proposes there are at least eight types of intelligence: logical/mathematical, linguistic, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. The document provides examples of skills and abilities associated with each type of intelligence.

1. Intelligence
Part One

2. Intelligence
How doYOU define intelligence? With the person
sitting next to you, craft a short definition of
“intelligence,” and write it down.

3. Trukese tribe members in the South Pacific Ocean can
precisely navigate from island to island without a compass
or any other sailing tools. Is this intelligence?

4. Amy is charming and people are always happy to be with her.
She is good at understanding other people, talking to other
people, and making new friends. Is this intelligence?

5. Members of the Detroit Pistons react quickly to events
taking place around them.They coordinate their movements
well, and have muscle memory for certain physical skills.
Is this intelligence?

6. It is clear that
“intelligence” is a difficult
concept to define.Today,
we recognize that having
intelligence does not
simply mean that you
know lots of things.
Intelligence:
The capacity to understand the world, think
rationally, and use resources effectively when
faced with challenges.

7. Crystalized Intelligence:
The accumulation of
information, skills, and
strategies that are learned
through experience and that
can be later applied in
different problem-solving
situations. (This related to
the acquired prior knowledge
that we store in long-term
memory.)
Fluid Intelligence:
Information processing
capability, reasoning, and
memory. If we are asked to
memorize something, solve
a problem, categorize items,
or identify patterns, we are
using fluid intelligence. (Fluid
intelligence does not
require any prior
knowledge!)
Intelligence Theories

8. Intelligence Theories
As we age, crystalized
intelligence continues to
increase. Fluid intelligence,
however, begins to decline
in early adulthood.
This theory was
developed in
1963, and most
IQ tests attempt
to measure fluid
and crystallized
intelligence.

9. Intelligence Theories
In 1983, Howard Gardener proposed his Theory of
Multiple Intelligences to explain the aptitudes humans
have for things other than logic and problem-solving.
Humans show
intelligence in
many ways, and
the way we test for
intelligence needs
to consider this.

10. Multiple Intelligences Theory
Gardener’s
theory states that
there are at least
eight different
kinds of
intelligence that
are distinct from
one another.
We each possess
ALL of these, but
in different
amounts.

11. Multiple Intelligences Theory
Gardener’s
theory states that
there are at least
eight different
kinds of
intelligence that
are distinct from
one another.
We each possess
ALL of these, but
in different
amounts.

12. Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
Skills involving
problem solving and
logical or scientific
thinking. Logical
reasoning is closely
linked to “fluid
intelligence.” People
with this intelligence
may be good at math
problems, critical
thinking, and reasoning.

13. Linguistic Intelligence
Skills involving the
production and use of
language. People with
this intelligence are
good at reading
comprehension,
writing, and
memorizing written
words.They may be
good at speaking and
organizing information.

14. Musical Intelligence
Skills involving music.
People with this
intelligence have
sensitivity to sounds,
tone, pitch, melody,
harmony, meter, and
rhythm. They may be
good at playing,
singing, or
composing music.

15. Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Skills involving
space and spacial
configurations.
People with this
intelligence are
good at envisioning
things in their heads.
They may be good
at art, design,
architecture, or
navigation.

16. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Skills involving
control and use of
the body. People
with this intelligence
may be coordinated,
or good at activities
like sports, dance,
acting, surgery, or
creating something
by hand.

17. Naturalist Intelligence
Skills involving
nurturing, or the ability
to identify and classify
patterns in nature.
People with this
intelligence might
classifying natural forms
(such as animals, plants,
rocks, or geographical
features).They may be
good farmers, botanists,
chefs, hunters, etc.

18. Interpersonal Intelligence
Skills involving
interactions with
others and sensitivity
to others. People
with this intelligence
can easily understand
how others are feeling
and relate to them.
They communicate
effectively and
empathetically
with others.

19. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Skills involving
knowledge of oneself
and one’s own feelings
and emotions. People
with this intelligence
know their strengths
and weaknesses, what
they want in life, and
what makes them
unique.They may be
reflective and
introspective.
“Your
understanding of
your inner self
holds the meaning
of your life.”
- TOLSTOY

20. Other Types?
Gardener believed there could be other types of intelligence beyond
the 8 he described. Here are two more that have been proposed:
Practical
Intelligence:
Intelligence related to
overall success in living.
Knowing how to act in
different situations, when to
act, and what actions will
produce the results that you
want. (“Street Smarts.”)
Existential Intelligence:
Intelligence related to
spirituality. Ability to think
deeply about cosmic
questions such as how did
we get here, why do we
die, and what is the
purpose of human life?

21. The theory of MI translates into a focus on different student learning styles.

22. Howard Gardener