This document discusses intelligence and different theories about what constitutes intelligence. It provides brief biographies of theorists like Theodore Simon, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and David Wechsler who contributed to the study and testing of intelligence. The document defines intelligence as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge. It also discusses Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which proposes there are different types of intelligences including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. The document encourages students to recognize their strengths in different types of intelligences.

1. Intelligence
• Why do we want to measure intelligence?
• What are some of the reasons we measure
intelligence?
• If you had to construct an IQ test, what
kinds of questions would it contain?
• What kinds of abilities do you think you’d
want to test?
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2. Theodore Simon
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• Simon was a colleague of
Alfred Binet in Paris.
• Coauthor of the first test
to roughly test
intelligence.
• He felt that the test could
estimate intelligence in
children from ages 3 to
12.

3. Jean Piaget
• 1896-1980.
• Simon asked him to help standardized
intelligence tests with Parisian children
in 1920.
• Definition of intelligence: Intelligence
is an adaptation…to say that
intelligence is a particular instance of
biological adaptation is thus to suppose
that it is essentially an organization and
that its function is to structure the
universe just as the organism structures
its immediate environment. 1963.
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4. Vygotsky: ZPD
• Cognitive growth
occurs within the zone
where the child
receives help to be
able to understand or
do something
independently.
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5. David Wechsler
• “Intelligence is the
aggregate or global
capacity of the
individual to act
purposefully, to think
rationally and to deal
effectively with his
environment.” 1944
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6. What is intelligence?
• Definition: It is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and
skills.
• A typical dictionary definition of intelligence is “the capacity
to acquire and apply knowledge.” Intelligence includes the
ability to benefit from past experience, act purposefully, solve
problems, and adapt to new situations.
• Intelligence can also be defined as “the ability
that intelligence tests measure.
• The ability to use memory, knowledge, experience,
understanding, rea-soning, imagination and judgement in order
to solve problems and adapt to new situations.” AllWords
Dictionary, 2006
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7. • 2. “The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.”
The American Heritage Dictionary, fourth edition,
2000
• 3. “Individuals differ from one another in their
ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from
experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking
thought.” American Psychological Association
• 4. “The ability to learn, understand and make
judgments or have opinions
• that are based on reason”

8. • The ability to think abstractly
• Plan
• Gather information
• Understand complex ideas
• Solve problems
• Reason
• Adapt effectively to the environment
• Overcome obstacles
• Learn from experience
• Adapt to a novel situation

9. What intelligence is not
• Intelligence does not include every skill or
ability a person could have.
– For example… Celine Dion
– Michael Phelps.
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10. Types of Intelligences
A theory by Howard Gardner of
Harvard University

11. How many of you
think you are smart?
The answer is that ALL of you are smart.
Theories of Intelligence:
-Smart or Not Smart
-Hard work will equal smarts
-Multiple Intelligences

12. Linguistic Intelligence
• Word Smart
• Ability to write or read
• Ability to rhyme
• Good speakers
• Actors
• How many of you can
speak or write?

13. Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
• Number smart
• Ability to do math
• Ability to balance a
checkbook
• How many of you can
count your money?
• How many of you
have done a science
experiment?

14. Spatial Intelligence
• Picture Smart
• Who can draw
pictures?
• How many people can
see pics in their heads
when they close their
eyes?
• How many of you like
movies, tv, or video
games?

15. Kinesthetic Intelligence
• Body, sports or hand
smart
• Who can dance, play
sports, build models?

16. Musical Intelligence
• Music Smart
• Who likes music?
• Who can play an
instrument?

17. Interpersonal Intelligence
• People Smart
• Who has at least one
friend or associate?
• Who likes group
work?

18. Intrapersonal Intelligence
• Self Smart
• Who has ever talked to
themselves?
• Who likes to work on
their own?
• Who takes care of
themselves after
school?

19. 8 types of intelligences ..not quite 31
flavors
• Bodily-Kinesthetic- movement and doing. Muscle
memory. Athletes, dancers, actors, comedians ..etc.
• Interpersonal- relationships! Usually extroverted and
sensitive to others emotions. Politicians, managers, teachers…
• Linguistic- control of language. Learn best through
notes/reading. Good at explaining/foreign language. Writers,
lawyers, philosophers, politicians and teachers.
• Logical-Mathematical-logic, reasoning, abstraction
and numbers. Ability to perform difficult calculations. Scientists,
mathematicians, engineers, doctors and economists.

20. 4 more years…4 more intelligences!
• Naturalistic-nature, nurturing and relating information to
one's natural surroundings. Ability to grow things and nurture
animals. Scientists, naturalists, conservationists, gardeners and
farmers. One of the “fuzzier” and newer intelligences.
• Intrapersonal-introspective. Self aware of own emotions,
goals, and motivations. Philosophers, psychologists, theologians,
writers and scientists.
• Spatial- vision and spatial judgments. Overlap with
mathematic intelligence. Artists, engineers, and architects.
• Musical-Rhythm, music, and hearing. Absolute pitch or
play instruments. Musicians, singers, conductors, and composers.

21. On your plate, make a pizza with 8
slices. In each slice, write the names
of famous people you know with
each type of intelligence.

22. Human Hunt:
Multiple Intelligence Checklist
• Whistle or sing at least 5 seconds from a song
• Complete this numerical sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, ___, ___ and explain the
logic behind it
• Draw a picture of a car, wolverine, or pair of shoes
• Do the mono or any other dance
• Share a dream you’ve had in the past week
• Someone who can honestly say they are comfortable talking to
everyone in this activity
• Recite the lyrics to any poem, rap, or song, or quote
Take a sheet of paper out and write these activities
down:

23. Human Hunt
Your job now is to walk around the room
and find people who can exhibit one of
these intelligences. Get them to initial
your piece of paper. You can only get
one person’s initials once. You cannot
sign your own sheet.
Have fun with this and try to meet some
new people.

24. Your first Blast
• On a sheet of paper, you will write at least 3
paragraphs.
• Write on what intelligences you think you are
better at
• what you aren’t so good at
• what you think you can do better in.
• Also, give examples of how you are good at these
things.
• Talk about friends you know who are good at each
of the intelligences, or famous people who are like
you in their abilities.

25. Wrap Up
There is a belief that you can be good at all of
them, but inevitably we favor certain
intelligences. It is important to know how you
are intelligent so you can do your best to adjust
and adapt to what you have to learn.
If you are musically smart, memorize facts in
songs. If you dance well, create a dance about
certain stories, or act out a short skit, etc