The last installment of the Wingate University Writing Center's "Writing the Research Paper" seminar.

1. “Integrating Source Material,
Revising,
and Proofreading”
Kevin Winchester, Writing Center Director

2. Source Material:
Is necessary in most academic writing
genres
Serves as Supporting or Rebuttal
Evidence or Example
May be from a Primary, Secondary, or
Tertiary Source
Must be presented as a Direct Quote,
Paraphrase or Summary

3. Why Use
Quotations, Paraphrasing, or
Summaries?
Provide support for claims and add credibility
Refer to prior work leading up to your work
Give examples of several points of view on your subject
Highlight a particular phrase, sentence, passage, or
idea
Create distance and cue readers that the words are not
your own
Expand the breadth and depth of your writing

4. 2 Important Requirements for all
Source Material:
MUST be Properly Cited MUST Read Seamlessly
within your essay
Gives credit to the original
author While the source material
“belongs” to the original
author, you are using it
Identifies for your
to support your position.
audience where the
material originated and
provides info for them to
verify or research the
source

5. Direct Quotation
Paraphrasing
Summarizing

6. Summarizing
Puts the main idea into YOUR OWN
words
Should be significantly shorter than the
original source material
Presents a broad overview (the main
point) of the original source material
Cite Properly

7. Summarizing
Utilize your Research Dossier (Be sure to include
citation info)
Read the entire source text—note the key points
& main ideas
In your own words, state the single main idea of
the source text
Review to make sure you didn‟t include exact
words or phrases from the source text

8. Paraphrasing
A passage from source material rewritten in your
own words
Usually shorter than the original source text
Takes a somewhat broader segment of the
source and condenses it
Cite Properly

9. Effective Paraphrasing
Reread the passage until you understand its full meaning
Write your paraphrase on your research dossier
Jot down notes to remind you later how you’ll use this
material
Compare your paraphrase to the original to make sure
it’s accurate
Use quotation marks to identify words, terms, or short
phrases taken directly from the source
MAKE SURE YOU RECORD CITATION INFO
on your Research Dossier

10. Effective Paraphrasing
Is better than quoting info from an
undistinguished source
Is a legitimate way to “borrow” from a source
as long as you cite properly
Provides more detail and support than a
summary

11. oAre identical to the original source
oUse a narrow segment of the source
oMatch the original source word for word
oMust be cited properly

12. Quotations
Provide support or rebuttals for
your thesis
Must flow smoothly with
your own writing style

13. In order for quotations to
flow smoothly with your
own writing style, you
must provide some
context for your reader.

14. T-I-C

15. Each Time you use a Quote, Think:
T-I-C
T - Tagline
I - Interpretation
C - Connection

16. Tagline: Introduces the quote and
establishes the source‟s credibility
Interpretation: Explains your
understanding or Interpretation of the
evidence or support the quote provides
Connection: Explains and clarifies the
Connection between the quote and your
thesis or other evidence in your essay

17. This method creates a Complete Thought Cycle
IF ANY ONE PART is MISSING…
…the reader is confused.

18. In a Rolling Stone article, Marilyn
Manson states, “from Jesse James Tagline: In a Rolling Stone
to Charles Manson, the media article, Marilyn Manson states…
have turned criminals into folk
heroes” (citation). He implies the Interpretation: He implies the
media sensationalizes the
media sensationalizes the
exploits of criminals and the
exploits of criminals…and that
media’s coverage feeds the
the general public is eager to
criminals’ desire for fame and
bestow that notoriety upon them.
notoriety and that the general
public is eager to bestow that
Connection: As such, a
notoriety upon them. As such, a
disenfranchised youth may be
disenfranchised youth may be
influenced by the perceived
influenced by the perceived fame
fame…which leads them to
of these criminals, which leads
similar acts of violence…in the
them to similar acts of violence
hopes of being heard.
against their peers, all in hopes of
being heard.

19. …it’s time to REVISE

20. Revision vs. Editing
REVISION EDITING
 “Re-seeing” the paper as  Comes after Revision, and
after Proofreading
a whole
 Focuses on Individual
 Addresses Higher Order
Sentences and Words
Concerns: Organization,
 Addresses Lower Order
audience, development,
support, etc. Concerns: word choice,
clarity, conciseness, grammar
 Verifies the paper MEETS the
and mechanics
REQUIREMENTS of the
ASSIGNMENT

21. Revision Tips:
Most importantly, take some time away from your paper.
RE-READ YOUR ASSIGNMENT SHEET!
Read your essay all the way through with the assignment
sheet in mind and answer these questions:
-Did you meet all the assignment requirements?
-Is the paper appropriate for audience and purpose?
-Do you provide enough supporting evidence?
-Does your paper flow in a natural order?
If not—revise, re-organize, or re-write
Don’t worry about LOC—that’s editing, NOT revising!

22. Other Revision Strategies:
Leave yourself enough time—READ SLOWLY!
Read the paper BACKWARDS
Read Aloud (record it and play it back!)
Ask a friend to read it to you
Visit the Writing Center

23. Proofread and Edit

24. Proofreading
Addresses Lower Order Concerns
Focuses on Individual Sentences and Words
Checks for clarity, conciseness, and
sentence structure
Checks for Grammar and Mechanical Issues

25. To Proofread:
Re-read your paper, slowly, looking for LOC
errors
Run a Spell, Grammar, and Style Check
with your computer adjusted to academic
standards
Finally, utilize the Paramedic Editing Method

26. The Paramedic Editing Method
1) Circle the Prepositions
Draw a box around the “is” verb forms
2)
Ask, “where‟s the action?”
3)
4) Change the action into a verb
Move the „doer‟ into the subject (Who‟s
5)
kicking whom)
6) Eliminate any unnecessary wind-ups
7) Eliminate any redundancies or
repetition

27. Example of Paramedic Editing
In this paragraph is a demonstrationnn the use of good
is of
In of
style in the writing of a report.
in of
Find the action / eliminate slow wind-ups
Edited revision:
This paragraph demonstrates good style in report writing.
The verb is more active
The “doer” is in the subject

28. The Last Steps:
Check the Assignment Sheet once more
Is your paper in the proper format?
Title?
Page Numbers?
Spacing / Font?
Properly Cited (MLA, APA, etc.)?
Turn It In!

29. Please take a minute to complete our exit survey.
Good Luck with your Research Papers!