This document summarizes the results of a Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) study conducted in Yemen to explore integrating maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) and family planning (FP) practices. The study found that in Yemen, breastfeeding was nearly universal but exclusive breastfeeding was rare. Children's diets lacked diversity and nutrient adequacy. For FP, there was high unmet need but limited availability and affordability of modern methods. Participants were generally willing to try improved MIYCN and FP practices during the study and reported benefits, though some faced barriers due to lack of commodities and foods. The study provided valuable information to develop integrated MIYCN-FP counseling messages and practices
Preventive Pediatrics (MCH, RCH, ICDS, Underfive Clinic, BFHI and School Heal...Alam Nuzhathalam
Preventive Pediatrics (MCH, RCH, ICDS, BFHI Maternal and Child Health, Reproductive and Child Health, Integrated Child Development Services, Underfive Clinic, Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and School Health Service)..
“Child health is a state of physical, mental, intellectual, social and emotional well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
Children represent the future, and ensuring their healthy growth and development ought to be a prime concern of all societies. Newborns are particularly vulnerable and children are vulnerable to malnutrition and infectious diseases, many of which can be effectively prevented or treated.
Decreasing childhood death and infant mortality rate.
Promote and protect health of child.
Nutritious diet to children.
Monitoring child growth and development
Toward health level of children
Neonatal care
The first week of the life in most crucial period in infancy
Objectives:
Establish and maintenance of cardio respiratory function
Maintenance of body temperature.
Avoidance of infection.
Establishing of breast feeding
Early detection and treatment of any congenital and disorder.
it is uploaded for paramedics & nursing faculties to teach their students & also helps & create awareness about breast feeding practices to decrease the infant mortality rate.
MRC/info4africa KZN Community Forum | June 2012info4africa
Ms Philippa Barnard, a Nutritionist at Zoe-Life outlined the Tshwane Declaration of 2011, which advocated breastfeeding as the best infant feeding choice for all babies, regardless of HIV status. This great change in policy created massive potential for decreasing infant and child mortality. Ms Barnard also highlighted some of Zoe-Life's practical insights gained whilst training lay counsellors in infant and young child feeding.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among the Lactating Mothers: A Cross...RHIMRJ Journal
Introduction: Early and exclusive breastfeeding is now recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child
survival particularly to address morbidity and mortality related to three major conditions i.e. neonatal infections, diarrhea
and pneumonia.
2. Aim: To study the infant and young child feeding practices among the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora of
Chandigarh.
3. Objectives:
a. To assess the prevailing breast feeding practices adopted by the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora.
b. To identify the barriers which lead to inappropriate breast feeding practices.
c. To examine the complementary feeding given to the infants and young children of the village.
4. Methodology: The study was conducted in the one of the randomly selected village Khuda Lahora of the “city beautiful”-
Chandigarh. The total population of the village is 3,476. There are 2,011 males and 1,456 females. There were 191
mothers who were registered in the sub centre of the village but only 167 participated in the study.
5. Results: The rate of exclusive breast feeding among the lactating mothers is found to be 22.7% and 46% of the mothers
have some prior knowledge of breastfeeding. It was found that 71% of the respondents started complementary feeding at
the age of 4-5 months. It is seen that 29% of the respondents gave diluted milk.
Mother & Child is a vulnerable group. But many areas concerned with the health of these groups are preventable. This presentation helps you identify preventive aspects in pediatrics.
Success stories & innovative approach for prevention of childhood malnutr...Harivansh Chopra
in this presentation i have shown few success stories of low birth weight children attaining normal weight by the end of first year by implementing an innovative BIGWIN APPROACH. Bigwin is an acronym for the best practices described aptly in this presentation.if we can shift the strategy to prevent malnutrition in children from under six to under one than we can overcome malnutrition in five years time provided if we are able to reach every pregnant women and newborn child.
Preventive Pediatrics (MCH, RCH, ICDS, Underfive Clinic, BFHI and School Heal...Alam Nuzhathalam
Preventive Pediatrics (MCH, RCH, ICDS, BFHI Maternal and Child Health, Reproductive and Child Health, Integrated Child Development Services, Underfive Clinic, Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and School Health Service)..
“Child health is a state of physical, mental, intellectual, social and emotional well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
Children represent the future, and ensuring their healthy growth and development ought to be a prime concern of all societies. Newborns are particularly vulnerable and children are vulnerable to malnutrition and infectious diseases, many of which can be effectively prevented or treated.
Decreasing childhood death and infant mortality rate.
Promote and protect health of child.
Nutritious diet to children.
Monitoring child growth and development
Toward health level of children
Neonatal care
The first week of the life in most crucial period in infancy
Objectives:
Establish and maintenance of cardio respiratory function
Maintenance of body temperature.
Avoidance of infection.
Establishing of breast feeding
Early detection and treatment of any congenital and disorder.
it is uploaded for paramedics & nursing faculties to teach their students & also helps & create awareness about breast feeding practices to decrease the infant mortality rate.
MRC/info4africa KZN Community Forum | June 2012info4africa
Ms Philippa Barnard, a Nutritionist at Zoe-Life outlined the Tshwane Declaration of 2011, which advocated breastfeeding as the best infant feeding choice for all babies, regardless of HIV status. This great change in policy created massive potential for decreasing infant and child mortality. Ms Barnard also highlighted some of Zoe-Life's practical insights gained whilst training lay counsellors in infant and young child feeding.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among the Lactating Mothers: A Cross...RHIMRJ Journal
Introduction: Early and exclusive breastfeeding is now recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child
survival particularly to address morbidity and mortality related to three major conditions i.e. neonatal infections, diarrhea
and pneumonia.
2. Aim: To study the infant and young child feeding practices among the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora of
Chandigarh.
3. Objectives:
a. To assess the prevailing breast feeding practices adopted by the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora.
b. To identify the barriers which lead to inappropriate breast feeding practices.
c. To examine the complementary feeding given to the infants and young children of the village.
4. Methodology: The study was conducted in the one of the randomly selected village Khuda Lahora of the “city beautiful”-
Chandigarh. The total population of the village is 3,476. There are 2,011 males and 1,456 females. There were 191
mothers who were registered in the sub centre of the village but only 167 participated in the study.
5. Results: The rate of exclusive breast feeding among the lactating mothers is found to be 22.7% and 46% of the mothers
have some prior knowledge of breastfeeding. It was found that 71% of the respondents started complementary feeding at
the age of 4-5 months. It is seen that 29% of the respondents gave diluted milk.
Mother & Child is a vulnerable group. But many areas concerned with the health of these groups are preventable. This presentation helps you identify preventive aspects in pediatrics.
Success stories & innovative approach for prevention of childhood malnutr...Harivansh Chopra
in this presentation i have shown few success stories of low birth weight children attaining normal weight by the end of first year by implementing an innovative BIGWIN APPROACH. Bigwin is an acronym for the best practices described aptly in this presentation.if we can shift the strategy to prevent malnutrition in children from under six to under one than we can overcome malnutrition in five years time provided if we are able to reach every pregnant women and newborn child.
The study aimed to determine the breastfeeding practices of women in paid employment and the factors that affect compliance to optimal breastfeeding practices
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting 2011: Integrating Human Nutritio...Colorado State University
Tips for integrating human nutrition into research on the interaction between livestock/agricultural production and climate change; overview of the Global Livestock CRSP's ENAM project in Ghana. Presentation given by G. Marquis (McGill University) at the Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011.
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Studyjehill3
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Study
Julie Hettinger, Food for the Hungry
Nutrition Working Group Showcase
CORE Group Spring Meeting, April 29, 2010
Insights from formative research from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh on maternal die...POSHAN
This presentation was made by Dr. Sebanti Ghosh (Alive & Thrive) in the session on 'Implementation research on delivery of interventions during pre-pregnancy through lactation' at the POSHAN Conference "Delivering for Nutrition in India Learnings from Implementation Research", November 9–10, 2016.
For more information about the conference visit our website: www.poshan.ifpri.info
NCCR 2020: Conference Of Very Important Disease (COVID-19) | 24 - 26 August 2020
Young Investigator Awards Presentation
Mohammad Hasnan Ahmad
Nutritionist
Principal Investigator
Centre for Nutrition Epidemiology Research
Institute for Public Health
National Institutes of Health
Ministry of Health Malaysia
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4004505
Proposal Development on Organizing Health Promotion Education Communication T...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Proposal Development on Organizing Health Promotion Education Communication Training Program on Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition Practices in Pumdi, Pokhara Municipality 22.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Integrating MIYCN with Family Planning_Galloway_5.7.14
1. Integrating MIYCN-FP in Yemen: Results from
Research Using Trials of Improved Practices
Rae Galloway, Technical Lead for Nutrition,
MCHIP
CORE Group Meeting Presentation, May 7, 2014
2. Yemen: Population, Family Planning
and Nutrition
24 million people
Low contraceptive
prevalence
Highest rates of
stunting in the world
Limited access to
health and FP
services by women
who often stay in the
home
2
3. Objectives for the Study
Determine current maternal, infant and young
child nutrition (MIYCN) and family planning
(FP) practices
Explore if mothers/couples are willing to try
MIYCN-FP practices they are not using
Identify barriers to trying or continuing to use
ideal practices
Develop messages to integrate into a
MIYCN-FP counseling package for health
facility and community workers
3
4. Some Reasons for Integrating MIYCN
and FP
MIYCN status and birth spacing are linked—
short birth spacing is associated with anemia
and underweight in women and underweight
and stunting in children
Addressing barriers to EBF ensures women
meet LAM criteria
Linking transition to complementary foods
and family methods at 6 mos promotes timely
introduction of CF and continued BF and
prevents another pregnancy
4
5. Some reasons for integrating MIYCN
and FP
Increases number of services women (and
husbands) obtain at each contact with health
services
e.g., men going to FP services with their
wives receive MIYCN information so they can
support these practices at home
Increases use of optimal MIYCN or FP
practices by linking MIYCN status with birth
spacing & preventing a pregnancy with
meeting the LAM criteria
5
6. What is Trials of Improved Practices?
TIPs was developed by the Manoff Group,
based on market research methods, for use
in IYCF, iron supplementation, bed nets and
family planning programs
TIPs is qualitative research that allows
exploration of using new behaviors & gives
program managers feedback about the
behaviors
TIPs uses small sample sizes to get in-depth
information about the “why” of behaviors
6
7. TIPs Methodology
Basic Methodology: Three TIPs Visits
TIPs Visit#1-in-depth interviews about past
and current practices; 24 hour recalls, food
frequency and observations in the home
TIPs Visit#2-discuss the results of TIPs
Visit#1, counsel on optimal practices,
identification by the mother (or husband) of a
new practice to try
TIPs Visit#3- visit 6 days later to see if the
practice was tried, barriers/motivators to use
in the future
7
8. TIPs Methodology in Yemen
Location:
Dhamar Governorate
(south of Sana’a)
Two districts ( Magreb
and Wesab)
Two geographical
zones (highland &
lowland)
8
Driving to the highland village
of Thelah, Magreb
9. TIPs Methodology in Yemen
TIPs Participants:
MIYCN interviews:
16 mothers with
children<2 years (NS
status of child)
FP interviews:
16 mothers with
children<2 years
16 husbands of FP
mothers
9
Mother respondent and
her children in Magreb
10. TIPs Methodology in Yemen
MIYCN and FP TIPs
mothers were
different mothers but
MIYCN mothers were
asked some FP
questions
FP TIPs husbands
were asked questions
about MIYCN
10
Husband being interviewed by
field staff
11. TIPs Methodology in Yemen
The study was approved by the JHU IRB and
the Ministry of Health
Training took place over 5 days and included
technical and human protection training and
practice sessions in the field
Full consent was obtained from all
participants
Full consent was obtained for the pictures
taken of respondents used in this
presentation
11
12. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results MIYCN TIPs Visit#1
No infant<6 months was
EBF; food was introduced
after a few days or weeks
The reason food was
introduced was mothers
perceived their breast
milk was “insufficient”
11/16 mothers felt they
didn’t have sufficient
breast milk
10 mothers said they
thought this because the
child cried after BF
12
Mother and child in Wesab
13. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results MIYCN TIPs Visit#1
9/16 mothers reported early breastfeeding
problems (cracked or sore nipples;
engorgement) but self-treated (hot presses,
ointment) or in one case sought treatment
From interviews and observations
breastfeeding practices were not ideal—
mothers didn’t know how to increase breast
milk production, were feeding for short
periods of time or from only one breast
13
14. Three WHO Indicators for a Minimum
Adequate Diet 6-23 months
Breastfed; if not breastfed, child should
receive 1-2 c. of milk/dairy per day
Consume at least 4 out of 7 designated food
groups (grains/potatoes; legumes & nuts;
dairy; meat/flesh/fish; eggs; F/V with vitamin
A; other F/V)—if not BF, the child should
consume 4 FG + 1-2 c. milk
Consume 2-3 meals/day (6-8 mos); 3-4
meals/day (9-23 mos); if not BF, 1-2 extra
meals
14
15. Selected Results: MIYCN TIPs
Visit#1—Three Practices 6-23 mos
15
Age groups
(n=12)
Breastfed or
milk
products
Minimum
number (4) of
food
groups/day
Minimum
number of
meals/day
Meeting all
three
practices
6-8 mos (4) 4 0 3 0
9-11 mos (4) 4 0 2 0
12-23 mos (4) 3 1 1 1
Total 11 1 6 1
16. Selected Results: MIYCN TIPs
Visit#1—Three Practices 6-23 mos
All but one child continued to be breastfed;
the frequency varied from 1-4 times per day
The non-BF child received milk but only 100
ml per day
Meeting the minimum number of meals (6)
was easier than meeting the minimum food
groups (only 1) but as the child got older
meeting the mimimum number of meals
declined
16
17. Selected Results: MIYCN TIPs
Visit#1—Three Practices 6-23 mos
Only one child (22 mos) out of 12 was fed by
all three practices
Many children were fed sugar
cookies/biscuits starting as early as one
month
One child (15 mos) was given only sugary
biscuits (no other foods) and breast milk
Biscuits are perceived as an easy food to
give to children of any age
17
18. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results MIYCN TIPs Visit#1
More nutritious foods and snacks were not
given to children for a variety of reasons—
they were not appropriate for younger
children. Milk/dairy & grains/potatoes were
most appropriate as most children (10/12)
received dairy products and grains/potatoes
(8/12)
Only 2/12 children received foods from the
meat/fish group
18
19. Selected Results: MIYCN TIPs Visit#1—
Reasons for Practices 6-23 mos
3/12 received Fruits or vegetables; 3/12
received legumes (older children); no child
received eggs
In some cases the availability of these foods
limited what mothers could feed their children
Half of children (6/12) received cake or
biscuits the day before with 5 living in Wesab
About half of mothers were consuming a
more diverse diet than their children.
19
20. Selected Results: MIYCN TIPs Visit#1—
Observations in the Home
Most mothers washed their hands before
food prep and feeding their child but not with
soap; about half washed their baby’s hand
before feeding (but not with soap)
While mothers recognized the child not eating
as a sign of poor health/growth, half of
mothers were not using responsive feeding
practices and most mothers reported that
their child did not eat all the food served
20
21. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results FP TIPs Visit#1
Family planning use varied by zone with one
zone limited by the availability of methods in
the public sector
Family planning methods were available in
the private sector but at a cost which many
families couldn’t afford
Most couples in Yemen decide on FP
together; there were a few cases where men
continue to decide if FP should be used.
21
22. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results FP TIPs Visit#1
MIYCN-FP mothers didn’t know (7/30) or
thought BF was the best way to or could
prevent another pregnancy (15/30) and were
motivated to continue BF to prevent another
pregnancy
5 mothers alluded to BF criteria to prevent
pregnancy (continuous, exclusive, before
return of menses)
About half of all mothers knew someone who
had become pregnant while BF
22
23. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results MIYCN TIPs Visit#1
The majority said it was healthy to wait 2+
years before becoming pregnant
Half (8/16) of mothers were using a family
planning method—most in one district
OC and injections were the most common
methods used; one woman had a permanent
method.
The reasons for not using FP were side
effect;, cost; didn’t need it, couldn’t become
pregnant
23
24. Selected Results: Review of Main
Results MIYCN TIPs Visit#1
5/8 women who were not using FP said they
would start using a method after their menses
returns and one women said after two years
All but one mothers felt comfortable about
talking with their husbands about using FP
and said their husbands were supportive and
also wanted to prevent another pregnancy
24
25. Selected MIYCN-TIPs Results
Practice Offered &
Accepted
Tried Succeeded using
daily
Infants 0-5 mos:
breastfeed only
3 3 3
Infants 6-23 mos:
breastfeed from both
breasts until empty
4 4 4
IYC 6-23: vary the
child’s diet
10 10 9
Give more meals/food 3 3 3
Mothers: Vary mother’s
diet
10 10 10
25
26. Family Planning TIPs Results
Practice Sex Offered &
Accepted
Tried Succeeded
Discuss FP
intentions with
spouse
M 8 8 8
F 6 8 8
Go to health
facility for info on
FP
M 13 13 9
F 11 11 7
Start using
modern method
M 8 7 1
F 8 8 1
Satisfied users
discuss benefits
with others in
community
M 0 1 1
F 4 4 4
26
27. Feedback from mothers
MIYCN: most mothers succeeded in trying
one or several practices and reported being
happy with the new practices because they
felt their babies were getting better nutrition,
sleeping better, healthier
MIYCN: some limitation in the types of food.
Animal foods (meat) was not available all the
time; one mother said she had too many
children to eat more food herself.
27
28. Feedback from FP couples
Talking with each other about family planning
was not a problem for most couples
Couples were willing to go for family planning
advice; in some cases men wanted more
information about side effects from modern
methods.
There was high unmet need but services and
methods were not always available
28
29. Strengths of the study
In-depth information about beliefs about
health, nutrition and family planning
Information about past and current practices
Willingness of mothers and couples to
consider and try new practices
Demonstrated couples willingness to talk with
each about FP
Positive feedback from respondents about
trying new practices
29
30. Limitations of the study
More information is needed about how to
resolve barriers to optimal practices
Lack of commodities and food limit success
for TIPs
For FP method uptake, a longer period of
time might be needed between TIPs 2 and 3
30
31. Next steps:
Finish the key
informant analysis
Develop MIYCN-FP
messages and
counseling package
Prepare the draft
report
Present findings in
Yemen (June)
31
Mother and her children
in Wesab