This document discusses integrated natural resource management in South Africa. It notes that while South Africa has comprehensive environmental laws and increasing budgets for management, assessments show many ecosystems are threatened. This is due to a lack of holistic planning, failure to consider resource value, poor coordination, and inadequate local capacity. The document proposes using an ecosystem services approach to integrate natural systems, social needs, and economic factors. It presents a case study applying this framework in UThukela District through tools like social simulation, scenario analysis, and economic incentives to match interventions with drivers of environmental change. Key to success are effective stakeholder consultation, institutional coordination, and an appropriate governance structure.
Presented by IWMI's David Wiberg (Theme Leader – Water Futures) to a group of European Union (EU) delegations in Asia at a discussion on 'Using research on agriculture climate and water to support sustainable food systems', held at IWMI Headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on June 8, 2016.
Increased agricultural production through both intensification and extensification is a major driver of the current biodiversity crisis. As a response, two contrasting approaches have been advocated: ‘land sparing’, which minimizes demand for farmland by increasing yield, and ‘land sharing’, which boosts densities of wild populations on farmland but decreases agricultural yields. While these approaches have been useful in drawing attention to the impact of meeting the growing global demand for agricultural products on biodiversity, they have been driven mainly by conservation ecologists, and have often overlooked important issues related to farming. As agronomists with practical experience in developing, testing and scaling alternative forms of agriculture in some of the most biodiversity-rich areas of Latin America, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia, we are pointing in this paper at what we see as being two major limitations of the land sparing/sharing framework: (1) the reliance on yield-density relationships that focus on trade-offs and overlook synergies between agriculture and biodiversity, and (2) the overemphasis on crop yield, neglecting other metrics of agricultural performance which may be more important to local farmers, and more strongly associated with positive biodiversity outcomes. It is our hope that this paper will stimulate other agricultural scientists to contribute to the land sparing/sharing framework, in order to develop together with conservation ecologists viable solutions for both improved agricultural production and biodiversity conservation.
Guaranteed farm income through payment for ecosystem servicesIndia Water Portal
Agriculture has been supplying food, fibre and fuel as provisioning services, but is under severe distress due to low incomes. The farms also regulate climate, surface water flows, ground water levels, and waste assimilation and breakdown besides offering water purification. But there’s currently no mechanism to compensate the farmers for these services. However, modern agriculture with its excessive groundwater extraction, over use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and straw burning is also causing a number of disservices.
In this scenario, a mechanism to pay the farmers for ecological services they offer can work on two levels: it will ensure a guaranteed income to the farmers and it will prompt them to adopt sustainable farming practices like organic farming which will fetch higher incentives.
1. The Need for a Watershed Approach to Restore Land and its Hydrologic Funct...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Drylands Development (DryDev) project, implemented by ICRAF with funding from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Maimbo Malesu, Alex Oduor, Elsabijn Koelman, Ronald Ngetich, Emmanuel Fondo and Francis Nyambariga
Global Soil Biodiversity: Status, gaps and way forward Ms Monica Kobayashi, FAOSoils FAO-GSP
This webinar aims to discuss the global status, gaps and multiple benefits of soil biodiversity as a key contributor in sustaining life in this planet.
Techn. Session 5 "Rainfed Agriculture: Financing Smart Agriculture Projects“ Water Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation - MENA Case Study 1 - Water Productivity Enhancement, By Prof. Dr. Dieter Prinz, Karlsruhe, SW-Germany, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
Presented by IWMI's David Wiberg (Theme Leader – Water Futures) to a group of European Union (EU) delegations in Asia at a discussion on 'Using research on agriculture climate and water to support sustainable food systems', held at IWMI Headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on June 8, 2016.
Increased agricultural production through both intensification and extensification is a major driver of the current biodiversity crisis. As a response, two contrasting approaches have been advocated: ‘land sparing’, which minimizes demand for farmland by increasing yield, and ‘land sharing’, which boosts densities of wild populations on farmland but decreases agricultural yields. While these approaches have been useful in drawing attention to the impact of meeting the growing global demand for agricultural products on biodiversity, they have been driven mainly by conservation ecologists, and have often overlooked important issues related to farming. As agronomists with practical experience in developing, testing and scaling alternative forms of agriculture in some of the most biodiversity-rich areas of Latin America, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia, we are pointing in this paper at what we see as being two major limitations of the land sparing/sharing framework: (1) the reliance on yield-density relationships that focus on trade-offs and overlook synergies between agriculture and biodiversity, and (2) the overemphasis on crop yield, neglecting other metrics of agricultural performance which may be more important to local farmers, and more strongly associated with positive biodiversity outcomes. It is our hope that this paper will stimulate other agricultural scientists to contribute to the land sparing/sharing framework, in order to develop together with conservation ecologists viable solutions for both improved agricultural production and biodiversity conservation.
Guaranteed farm income through payment for ecosystem servicesIndia Water Portal
Agriculture has been supplying food, fibre and fuel as provisioning services, but is under severe distress due to low incomes. The farms also regulate climate, surface water flows, ground water levels, and waste assimilation and breakdown besides offering water purification. But there’s currently no mechanism to compensate the farmers for these services. However, modern agriculture with its excessive groundwater extraction, over use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and straw burning is also causing a number of disservices.
In this scenario, a mechanism to pay the farmers for ecological services they offer can work on two levels: it will ensure a guaranteed income to the farmers and it will prompt them to adopt sustainable farming practices like organic farming which will fetch higher incentives.
1. The Need for a Watershed Approach to Restore Land and its Hydrologic Funct...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Drylands Development (DryDev) project, implemented by ICRAF with funding from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Maimbo Malesu, Alex Oduor, Elsabijn Koelman, Ronald Ngetich, Emmanuel Fondo and Francis Nyambariga
Global Soil Biodiversity: Status, gaps and way forward Ms Monica Kobayashi, FAOSoils FAO-GSP
This webinar aims to discuss the global status, gaps and multiple benefits of soil biodiversity as a key contributor in sustaining life in this planet.
Techn. Session 5 "Rainfed Agriculture: Financing Smart Agriculture Projects“ Water Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation - MENA Case Study 1 - Water Productivity Enhancement, By Prof. Dr. Dieter Prinz, Karlsruhe, SW-Germany, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
Presented by IWMI's Alan Nicol at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
Presentation by Claudia Ringler, Hartwig Kremer and Cheikh Mbow at the UNEA Science Policy Interface, May 19-20
Presentation focuses on the concept of the water, food and energy nexus and its importance within the development context. It also provides a number of cases highlighting nexus issues.
Presented by IWMI's Jennie Barron at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016.
Resource conservation, tools for screening climate smart practices and public...Prabhakar SVRK
Natural resources continue to play an important role in livelihood and wellbeing of millions. Over exploitation and degradation of natural resource base have led to declining factor productivity in rural areas and dwindling farm profits coupled with debilitating impact on human health. This necessitates promoting technologies that can help producing food keeping pace with the growing population while conserving natural resource base and be profitable. Achieving this conflicting target though appears to be challenging but is possible with the currently available technologies. This lecture will provide insights into a gamut of resource conserving technologies, the role of communities in promoting them and tools that can help in identifying suitable technologies for adoption. The lecture will heavily borrow sustainable agriculture cases from the Asia Pacific region.
Outline
• Natural resource dependency and rural development
o Trends in resource depletion and impact on food production
o Farm profitability trends and input use
o Trends in factor productivity
• Resource conserving technologies and climate smart agriculture
o What are they?
o Similarities and differences
o Costs and benefits of pursuing them
• Tools for identifying resource conserving and climate smart agriculture technologies
o Factor productivity
o Benefit cost ratios
o Marginal abatement costs
• Role of communities
o Communities as entry point
o Benefits of community participation
• Concluding thoughts
o How to scale up resource conservation?
5. Bhungroo: Water Management solutions to support diversified cropping syste...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
5. Bhungroo: Water Management solutions to support diversified cropping systems for men and women in northern Ghana (Presented by Paa Kofi Osei-Owusu of Conservation Alliance International) presented at #AASW7 Kigali
Presented by IWMI's Alan Nicol at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
Presentation by Claudia Ringler, Hartwig Kremer and Cheikh Mbow at the UNEA Science Policy Interface, May 19-20
Presentation focuses on the concept of the water, food and energy nexus and its importance within the development context. It also provides a number of cases highlighting nexus issues.
Presented by IWMI's Jennie Barron at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016.
Resource conservation, tools for screening climate smart practices and public...Prabhakar SVRK
Natural resources continue to play an important role in livelihood and wellbeing of millions. Over exploitation and degradation of natural resource base have led to declining factor productivity in rural areas and dwindling farm profits coupled with debilitating impact on human health. This necessitates promoting technologies that can help producing food keeping pace with the growing population while conserving natural resource base and be profitable. Achieving this conflicting target though appears to be challenging but is possible with the currently available technologies. This lecture will provide insights into a gamut of resource conserving technologies, the role of communities in promoting them and tools that can help in identifying suitable technologies for adoption. The lecture will heavily borrow sustainable agriculture cases from the Asia Pacific region.
Outline
• Natural resource dependency and rural development
o Trends in resource depletion and impact on food production
o Farm profitability trends and input use
o Trends in factor productivity
• Resource conserving technologies and climate smart agriculture
o What are they?
o Similarities and differences
o Costs and benefits of pursuing them
• Tools for identifying resource conserving and climate smart agriculture technologies
o Factor productivity
o Benefit cost ratios
o Marginal abatement costs
• Role of communities
o Communities as entry point
o Benefits of community participation
• Concluding thoughts
o How to scale up resource conservation?
5. Bhungroo: Water Management solutions to support diversified cropping syste...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
5. Bhungroo: Water Management solutions to support diversified cropping systems for men and women in northern Ghana (Presented by Paa Kofi Osei-Owusu of Conservation Alliance International) presented at #AASW7 Kigali
La poza Experience in Water Conservation-Management and Conservation of Water...Global Water Partnership
La poza Experience in Water Conservation-Management and Conservation of Water Resources in “La Poza” Basin presented at GWP Consulting Partners meeting 2010, Stockholm
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens, Principal Researcher and Head of IWMI Southern Africa office, at the GWP-ILC-IWMI workshop: Responding to the Global Food Security Challenge through Coordinated Land and Water Governance held in Pretoria, South Africa, June 15, 2015.
Development of a TDA and SAP for the Protection of the Western Indian Ocean C...Iwl Pcu
Peter Scheren, UNEP (Western Indian Ocean Land Based Activities)
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia during the project management workshop on TDA-SAP Development.
Detailed description of Environmental Impact Assessment - Historical Background - Objectives - Assessment procedure - Necessity in Water resources projects - Environmental discourse on DAM construction - Case study
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Jesse Poore presented logic and background information that supports integration of stream bioassessments into MS4 evaluation and assessment procedures.
Global Forest Watch (GFW) Water, a global mapping tool and database that will be launched at the event, examines how forest loss, fires, unsustainable land use and other threats to natural infrastructure affect water security throughout the world.
The companion video "GFW Water Kalimantan Use Case" can be viewed at https://youtu.be/RMzQsSeAlqI (copy and paste this link into your browser window).
From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development - ...Global Water Partnership
Presentation at the European River Restoration Conference in Vienna on 27 October 2014: "From Local to Global: Realizing Water Security for Sustainable Development", by GWP Executive Secretary Dr. Ania Grobicki.
3. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:TomvanCakenberghe/IWMI
The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?
The 2006 South Africa Environmental Outlook (SAEO) document acknowledged
that the “comprehensive and generally sound environmental regulatory
regime is in place” and that “there has been a steady increase in the budget
allocation for environmental management at both the national and
provincial levels”.
Yet…..:
National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA):
Terrestrial systems, 34% of all 440 ecosystems are threatened
Rivers - 82% of the main river signatures classified as threatened,
44% are critically endangered.
4. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:TomvanCakenberghe/IWMI
The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?
Failure is due to:
• No holistic approach
• No acknowledgement of the value of natural resources in development
planning
• Poor coordination
• Increased delegation of responsibility to the local level, without the necessary
capacity and support
5. Meso-scale management
Social simulation and complex systems
Ecosystem services approach
Matching interventions with economic
incentives
Scenario analysis
1
4
5
2
3
The Afromaison Approach
8. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:TomvanCakenberghe/IWMI
Understanding the value of natural systems
Ecosystem services emerge as useful mechanism for integration of natural
systems, people and economy
Environmental
Quality
Social Well
Being
Economic
Prosperity
Governance
Figure 11: Sustainability model in South Africa
16. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:TomvanCakenberghe/IWMI
Indicators of INRM
• Linked to key issues related to the drivers and symptoms of change in NR
• e.g. grass cover, soil runoff etc
• also Governance indicators – e.g. participation in governance
INRM SUCCESS INDICATORS
System Criteria Indicator Target Measure Data Source & Method
Natural Systems
Water
Resource
Quality
Capacity of
large
storage
impoundm
ents.
Decrease
in the rate
of
reduction
in dam
capacity
Rate of decline in
dam capacity
measured as % of
total capacity/per
year. Change
measured at
frequency of 5
years (annual too
small a period to
note changes).
Hydrographic survey undertaken by
DWA Directorate: Spatial and Land
Information Management
(Reference:
http://www.dwaf.gov.za/bi/service
s.htm)
Turbidity
levels
Decrease
in annual
average
turbidity
levels.
Change in average
annual turbidity
levels (NTU).
Change measured
at 5 yearly interval
(annual too short a
period to account
for natural
variation)
Measurement at inflow points to
large dams using a clarity tube and
measured in cm. Undertaken by
DWA officials as part of daily
management (this may be too
onerous). Alternatively, a local
resident living at the inflow is
employed to take record.