The document discusses how the Spanish introduced various social, economic, political and cultural transformations in the Philippines through policies like reduccion, encomienda, and taxation systems. It also outlines the development of infrastructure, education system, and other Spanish colonial institutions that helped spread Catholicism and Hispanic culture in the country. However, it also notes that these changes negatively impacted the Filipino economy and led to abuses of the native population. Overall, the document provides an overview of the major transformations and institutions introduced during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines.
Philippine History- Social Status during Spanish Era-last years of Spanish co...anne sarmiento
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, Spanish rule established a complex social hierarchy. The principalia class, composed of local leaders, were exempt from forced labor and granted certain political rights. The ilustrados constituted the educated Filipino middle class exposed to liberal Spanish ideals in the late 19th century. Indigenous Filipinos were at the bottom of the social pyramid as indios, while Spaniards held the most power either born in the Philippines or Spain. The Spanish also introduced economic reforms and industries that developed the Philippines' economy and trade, while social changes like education and architecture reflected Spanish colonial influence over three centuries.
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines' economy was centered around an encomienda land ownership system where Spanish soldiers were given land and indigenous people living on it. Several taxes were also imposed on Filipinos to support the Spanish colony, including the tithe, tribute, and forced labor system of polo y servicio. The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade brought silver and silk through Manila for over two hundred years, though it neglected local industry development. The Royal Society of Friends of the Country and tobacco monopoly helped agricultural advancement, but overall the Philippines remained economically undeveloped and a burden on Spain.
Under Spanish colonial rule:
- The Spanish focused on Catholicism and expanding their Asian empire rather than practical economic development. As a result, the Philippines saw slow economic progress.
- Some economic changes introduced by Spain included a new land ownership system, tribute and forced labor policies, abolition of slavery, introduction of new crops and industries, and establishment of banks and trade networks.
- However, many Filipinos remained unhappy with Spanish taxation practices and oppression, which stunted greater economic growth and development under colonial rule.
The document describes the social hierarchy that existed in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. At the top were the Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain who held the highest social status and political power. Below them were the Insulares, Spaniards born in the Philippines who faced some discrimination. The Ilustrados constituted an educated Filipino middle class influenced by Spanish liberal ideals. Mestizos and Indios comprised the mixed-race and native Filipino populations at the lower levels of society.
Hist2 9 the reform movement and the revolutionYvan Gumbao
The document discusses the reform movement in the Philippines during the late 19th century. It covers the role of the middle class in starting reforms, the nature of the reform movement which initially aimed for assimilation not independence, and the key reformists. It also summarizes the propaganda movement, the failure of reforms to create change, and the significance of raising awareness. Finally, it outlines the underlying factors, role of organizations like Masonry and La Liga Filipina, and immediate causes that led to the Philippine Revolution, including economic issues and the unifying role of the Katipunan secret society.
The Spanish colonization of the Philippines had three main aims: spreading Catholicism, acquiring wealth through gold and trade, and increasing Spain's glory by building its empire. To govern its colonies, Spain established the Laws of the Indies, which imposed taxes on indigenous peoples and established systems of forced labor. The Spanish built churches, established religious orders, and introduced education to convert Filipinos to Christianity. They developed a political system headed by a Governor-General and including local governors. Overall, the Spanish colonial system aimed to assert control over the Philippines through religious, economic and political domination of indigenous peoples.
There were several Filipino revolts against Spanish rule between the 16th-19th centuries. The revolts can be categorized into land problems, oppression/unjust taxation, and religious revolts. Notable revolts included Tamblot's Revolt in Bohol (1621-1622), the longest revolt led by Francisco Dagohoy in Bohol (1744-1829), and Diego Silang's revolt in Ilocos (1762-1763). However, most revolts failed due to the absence of a national leader, a lack of nationalism among Filipinos, and inadequate military preparation and training. The Spaniards employed a strategy of "divide and conquer" to weaken revolts
The philippines under spanish colonial regimeManuel Daria
The Spanish colonial policy in the Philippines aimed to control and exploit its natural resources. It established an onerous system of taxation, forced labor, and trade monopolies that distorted the economy. The Spanish introduced Catholicism and imposed their language and culture on education available primarily to the wealthy elite. While infrastructure and trade improved later, the Spanish rule overall exploited Filipinos for three centuries through policies of extraction, cultural imposition, and limited opportunities for advancement.
Philippine History- Social Status during Spanish Era-last years of Spanish co...anne sarmiento
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, Spanish rule established a complex social hierarchy. The principalia class, composed of local leaders, were exempt from forced labor and granted certain political rights. The ilustrados constituted the educated Filipino middle class exposed to liberal Spanish ideals in the late 19th century. Indigenous Filipinos were at the bottom of the social pyramid as indios, while Spaniards held the most power either born in the Philippines or Spain. The Spanish also introduced economic reforms and industries that developed the Philippines' economy and trade, while social changes like education and architecture reflected Spanish colonial influence over three centuries.
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines' economy was centered around an encomienda land ownership system where Spanish soldiers were given land and indigenous people living on it. Several taxes were also imposed on Filipinos to support the Spanish colony, including the tithe, tribute, and forced labor system of polo y servicio. The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade brought silver and silk through Manila for over two hundred years, though it neglected local industry development. The Royal Society of Friends of the Country and tobacco monopoly helped agricultural advancement, but overall the Philippines remained economically undeveloped and a burden on Spain.
Under Spanish colonial rule:
- The Spanish focused on Catholicism and expanding their Asian empire rather than practical economic development. As a result, the Philippines saw slow economic progress.
- Some economic changes introduced by Spain included a new land ownership system, tribute and forced labor policies, abolition of slavery, introduction of new crops and industries, and establishment of banks and trade networks.
- However, many Filipinos remained unhappy with Spanish taxation practices and oppression, which stunted greater economic growth and development under colonial rule.
The document describes the social hierarchy that existed in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. At the top were the Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain who held the highest social status and political power. Below them were the Insulares, Spaniards born in the Philippines who faced some discrimination. The Ilustrados constituted an educated Filipino middle class influenced by Spanish liberal ideals. Mestizos and Indios comprised the mixed-race and native Filipino populations at the lower levels of society.
Hist2 9 the reform movement and the revolutionYvan Gumbao
The document discusses the reform movement in the Philippines during the late 19th century. It covers the role of the middle class in starting reforms, the nature of the reform movement which initially aimed for assimilation not independence, and the key reformists. It also summarizes the propaganda movement, the failure of reforms to create change, and the significance of raising awareness. Finally, it outlines the underlying factors, role of organizations like Masonry and La Liga Filipina, and immediate causes that led to the Philippine Revolution, including economic issues and the unifying role of the Katipunan secret society.
The Spanish colonization of the Philippines had three main aims: spreading Catholicism, acquiring wealth through gold and trade, and increasing Spain's glory by building its empire. To govern its colonies, Spain established the Laws of the Indies, which imposed taxes on indigenous peoples and established systems of forced labor. The Spanish built churches, established religious orders, and introduced education to convert Filipinos to Christianity. They developed a political system headed by a Governor-General and including local governors. Overall, the Spanish colonial system aimed to assert control over the Philippines through religious, economic and political domination of indigenous peoples.
There were several Filipino revolts against Spanish rule between the 16th-19th centuries. The revolts can be categorized into land problems, oppression/unjust taxation, and religious revolts. Notable revolts included Tamblot's Revolt in Bohol (1621-1622), the longest revolt led by Francisco Dagohoy in Bohol (1744-1829), and Diego Silang's revolt in Ilocos (1762-1763). However, most revolts failed due to the absence of a national leader, a lack of nationalism among Filipinos, and inadequate military preparation and training. The Spaniards employed a strategy of "divide and conquer" to weaken revolts
The philippines under spanish colonial regimeManuel Daria
The Spanish colonial policy in the Philippines aimed to control and exploit its natural resources. It established an onerous system of taxation, forced labor, and trade monopolies that distorted the economy. The Spanish introduced Catholicism and imposed their language and culture on education available primarily to the wealthy elite. While infrastructure and trade improved later, the Spanish rule overall exploited Filipinos for three centuries through policies of extraction, cultural imposition, and limited opportunities for advancement.
The economic situation in the Philippines did not greatly improve under Spanish rule. While some social and cultural changes were made, the economic benefits mainly went to Spanish colonizers rather than Filipinos. New systems like land ownership, tribute payments, and forced labor were introduced but oppressed Filipinos and slowed economic development. This exploitation of resources and people by Spain and the rich landowners contributed to the Philippine revolution for independence.
Magalat led a revolt in 1596 in Cagayan against Spanish rule due to resentment over tribute payments and forced labor, but his revolt was defeated when he was killed by his own men who were promised a reward by the Spanish. After being imprisoned and released due to priest intervention, Magalat started another rebellion but was again defeated when the governor sent troops to stop the revolt, executing several leaders while Magalat himself was killed by his own men. The death of Magalat caused the failure of the revolt and brought peace to the province.
The document summarizes several Filipino revolts against Spanish colonial rule between 1744 and 1841. It describes the causes of revolt as oppression, including forced labor and land grabbing by Spanish encomenderos and friars. It then details several major revolts, including the Dagohoy Rebellion in Bohol (1744-1829), the Silang Rebellion in Ilocos led by Diego and Gabriela Silang (1762-1763), and the religious revolt of Hermano Pule (1840-1841). It notes that the revolts ultimately failed due to a lack of unity among Filipinos and an absence of strong national leaders who could unify revolutionary efforts.
economic and social conditon during spanish rulekeithy25
During Spanish rule:
1. Society was stratified, with Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) at the top, followed by Insulares (Spanish born in the Philippines who governed), Mestizos, Principalia (educated nobility), and Indios (natives) at the bottom.
2. Economically, the natives paid annual tribute taxes and were subject to the encomienda system of forced labor. Majority of goods were traded through the annual Manila-Acapulco galleon trade.
3. The colony relied on an annual subsidy from Mexico to prevent bankruptcy, until Mexican independence ended this in 1810. Economic organizations like the Royal Society of
1. Spain colonized the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, establishing a centralized colonial government led by a Governor General. They implemented an encomienda system to divide the islands into large territories managed by encomenderos to hasten subjugation.
2. Filipino nationalism grew in response to Spanish rule, seen in early revolts, the Propaganda Movement calling for reforms, and the Katipunan secret society founded by Bonifacio seeking independence.
3. Spanish rule officially ended in 1898 with the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish-American War, in which the United States took control of the Philippines from Spain.
Prior to the 1800s, revolutions in the Philippines were localized and for reasons such as reclaiming chieftaincies or resisting forced labor. During this period, the indios did not feel a sense of national unity. This began to change in the 1800s due to several events. The British invasion revealed Spain's vulnerabilities and emboldened Filipino revolts. The Silang and Palaris revolts in the 1760s demonstrated the ability of Filipinos to unite and expel Spaniards. Opening foreign ports and the Suez Canal led to unprecedented prosperity and the rise of a Filipino middle class, though they still faced discrimination. The execution of priests Gomburza in 1872 further galvanized
The document provides information on various aspects of society and culture in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It discusses the social classes that existed, including the Peninsulares and Indios. It also describes the traditional modes of dressing, important religious beliefs like Roman Catholicism, and economic activities such as agriculture, livestock, and trade. Finally, it highlights elements of Philippine culture such as languages, music, art forms including paintings, weaving, pottery, and architecture of important buildings from the era.
The Katipunan was a revolutionary society founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1892 with the goal of gaining independence from Spain through armed revolt. It utilized a secretive "triangle" recruitment method and had rituals for new members like a "Pacto de Sangre." Emilio Jacinto wrote the Kartilya, the Katipunan's doctrinal text, which outlined principles of equality, compassion, defending the oppressed, and love of country. The Kartilya's teachings still held relevance after independence as principles for citizens of the new nation.
Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521, claiming the lands for Spain and converting some locals to Catholicism. However, Lapu-Lapu, a native ruler, resisted Spanish colonization and killed Magellan in 1521. Spain then began over 300 years of colonization, introducing Christianity, exploiting gold and other resources, and establishing political and economic systems like the encomienda. Filipino nationalism emerged in response to Spanish abuses, led by reformists like Rizal, del Pilar, and Lopez Jaena. Their Katipunan revolutionary movement was suppressed, leading to the Philippine Revolution and war for independence from Spain.
Spain was the first European country to rise as a great colonizing power in modern times. At the zenith of her glory and grandeur during the 16th century, her siglo de oro (golden century), she had far-flung colonies in Africa, the New World (Latin America and Asia).
The document summarizes various Filipino revolts against Spanish rule from 1574 to 1843. It describes the causes of the revolts as oppression, tribute, forced labor, land grabs by friars, and religious persecution. It then lists the names of Filipino libertarian leaders and provides brief descriptions of 3-4 key revolts led by Lakan Dula, Dagohoy, Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang. The revolts failed due to a lack of national unity, regional divisions, communication challenges across the archipelago, and Spanish military superiority.
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, the Governor General had executive, legislative, judicial, military, and ecclesiastical powers as the sole representative of the Spanish crown. The Royal Audiencia acted as the Supreme Court and checked the Governor General's power, investigating corrupt officials. Local governance was carried out by encomenderos, alcalde mayores, and gobernadorcillos, who administered provinces, towns, and cities but often abused the native populations. The Spanish imposed heavy taxes on Filipinos and utilized systems like bandala and polo y servicios that amounted to forced labor.
Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521 as part of a Spanish expedition searching for the Spice Islands. He claimed the Philippines for Spain but was killed in 1521 during a battle with Lapu-Lapu and his warriors on Mactan Island. In 1565, Spain began colonizing the Philippines under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and sought to spread Catholicism. The Spanish established central and local governments, but the church exercised significant influence, leading the government to be called "Frailocracia."
The document discusses the political, economic, and social aspects that shaped the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. This includes the impact of the Bourbon Reforms, the introduction of the Cadiz Constitution, the end of the Galleon trade, the opening of the Suez Canal, the rise of the Chinese mestizos and inquilinos social classes. Overall, these changes introduced ideas of liberalism, nationalism and calls for more rights and representation among Filipinos during Rizal's time in the late 19th century.
The Spanish Conquest and the Colonization of the PhilippinesJOSEPHINE LIBAN
The document summarizes the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Philippines. It details how the Portuguese pioneered oceanic trade routes to Asia in search of spices. This led the Spanish to send Ferdinand Magellan to reach the Spice Islands by sailing west in 1519. Magellan's expedition made landfall in the Philippines and converted local leaders to Christianity, but he was later killed in a battle against Lapu Lapu in Mactan Island in 1521, making him the first European to die in the Philippines. The Spanish continued colonizing the islands and imposing their religion over the next centuries.
The document summarizes the economic progress of the Philippines under American rule from 1898 to 1939. It describes how the Americans developed agriculture, industry, infrastructure, and financial systems, which led to increased prosperity. Population tripled and agricultural production of crops like rice, corn, and sugar increased substantially. New industries and banks were established. However, the Philippines remained economically dependent on the United States and American business interests dominated the new industries. This dependence and lack of independence spurred the Philippine people's desire for full sovereignty.
1) The Spanish government controlled tobacco production in the Philippines and imposed a tobacco monopoly, which generated significant profits but relied on exploitative labor practices. Filipinos resisted by smuggling and illegal trade.
2) Several religious orders, including the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominicans, arrived in the late 16th-17th centuries and established churches, schools, and universities that spread Christianity and European cultural influences.
3) While European customs were gradually adopted in the Philippines, the native population still largely maintained their own cultural heritage and modified foreign practices to fit local traditions.
Rizal wrote this essay to refute claims that Filipinos were inherently lazy. He argues that laziness in the Philippines was not a natural trait, but rather was caused by 16 factors imposed by Spanish colonization, including wars that depopulated the islands, pirate attacks, the attitudes of friars discouraging work, the loss of international trade, exploitative landowners, the introduction of gambling, numerous Catholic festivals, the loss of individual liberties, lack of support from the Spanish government, friars owning the best lands, lack of education, degradation of human dignity, inculcation of racial inferiority, ridicule of ambition, lack of a model of a hard worker, and suppression of national identity and association.
Early Filipinos lived in communities near bodies of water for access to food and protection. They resided in caves, nipa huts, tree houses, and houses on stilts. Their livelihoods included agriculture using kaingin and wet methods, hunting, boat-making, and trading using gold standards. Communities were organized into barangays led by a datu and council of elders who established laws and resolved conflicts. Society comprised datus, maharlika, timawa, and alipin. Burial practices varied among groups and included burying in trees, caves, or under homes.
The document summarizes aspects of governance and administration in the Spanish colony of the Philippines. As a crown colony, the Philippines was administered by the Council of the Indies and later placed under the Ministry of the Colonies. The Spanish established a highly centralized government headed by a governor-general appointed by the King of Spain. The judicial system was led by the Audiencia, while religious matters were administered by Catholic orders like the Augustinians and Franciscans. Taxation systems like the tribute, diezmos, and tobacco monopoly supported the colonial regime.
Economic life under spain presentation transcriptreygarganza
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines experienced slow economic development due to Spain's focus on Catholicism and expanding its empire elsewhere. While the Spanish introduced some changes, like private land ownership and new crops and industries, they exploited the local economy through systems like encomiendas and tributes. In the 19th century, the Philippines saw more changes like the opening of trade, rise of banks and improvements in infrastructure, but oppression of the Filipinos remained and dissatisfaction grew.
The economic situation in the Philippines did not greatly improve under Spanish rule. While some social and cultural changes were made, the economic benefits mainly went to Spanish colonizers rather than Filipinos. New systems like land ownership, tribute payments, and forced labor were introduced but oppressed Filipinos and slowed economic development. This exploitation of resources and people by Spain and the rich landowners contributed to the Philippine revolution for independence.
Magalat led a revolt in 1596 in Cagayan against Spanish rule due to resentment over tribute payments and forced labor, but his revolt was defeated when he was killed by his own men who were promised a reward by the Spanish. After being imprisoned and released due to priest intervention, Magalat started another rebellion but was again defeated when the governor sent troops to stop the revolt, executing several leaders while Magalat himself was killed by his own men. The death of Magalat caused the failure of the revolt and brought peace to the province.
The document summarizes several Filipino revolts against Spanish colonial rule between 1744 and 1841. It describes the causes of revolt as oppression, including forced labor and land grabbing by Spanish encomenderos and friars. It then details several major revolts, including the Dagohoy Rebellion in Bohol (1744-1829), the Silang Rebellion in Ilocos led by Diego and Gabriela Silang (1762-1763), and the religious revolt of Hermano Pule (1840-1841). It notes that the revolts ultimately failed due to a lack of unity among Filipinos and an absence of strong national leaders who could unify revolutionary efforts.
economic and social conditon during spanish rulekeithy25
During Spanish rule:
1. Society was stratified, with Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) at the top, followed by Insulares (Spanish born in the Philippines who governed), Mestizos, Principalia (educated nobility), and Indios (natives) at the bottom.
2. Economically, the natives paid annual tribute taxes and were subject to the encomienda system of forced labor. Majority of goods were traded through the annual Manila-Acapulco galleon trade.
3. The colony relied on an annual subsidy from Mexico to prevent bankruptcy, until Mexican independence ended this in 1810. Economic organizations like the Royal Society of
1. Spain colonized the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, establishing a centralized colonial government led by a Governor General. They implemented an encomienda system to divide the islands into large territories managed by encomenderos to hasten subjugation.
2. Filipino nationalism grew in response to Spanish rule, seen in early revolts, the Propaganda Movement calling for reforms, and the Katipunan secret society founded by Bonifacio seeking independence.
3. Spanish rule officially ended in 1898 with the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish-American War, in which the United States took control of the Philippines from Spain.
Prior to the 1800s, revolutions in the Philippines were localized and for reasons such as reclaiming chieftaincies or resisting forced labor. During this period, the indios did not feel a sense of national unity. This began to change in the 1800s due to several events. The British invasion revealed Spain's vulnerabilities and emboldened Filipino revolts. The Silang and Palaris revolts in the 1760s demonstrated the ability of Filipinos to unite and expel Spaniards. Opening foreign ports and the Suez Canal led to unprecedented prosperity and the rise of a Filipino middle class, though they still faced discrimination. The execution of priests Gomburza in 1872 further galvanized
The document provides information on various aspects of society and culture in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It discusses the social classes that existed, including the Peninsulares and Indios. It also describes the traditional modes of dressing, important religious beliefs like Roman Catholicism, and economic activities such as agriculture, livestock, and trade. Finally, it highlights elements of Philippine culture such as languages, music, art forms including paintings, weaving, pottery, and architecture of important buildings from the era.
The Katipunan was a revolutionary society founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1892 with the goal of gaining independence from Spain through armed revolt. It utilized a secretive "triangle" recruitment method and had rituals for new members like a "Pacto de Sangre." Emilio Jacinto wrote the Kartilya, the Katipunan's doctrinal text, which outlined principles of equality, compassion, defending the oppressed, and love of country. The Kartilya's teachings still held relevance after independence as principles for citizens of the new nation.
Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521, claiming the lands for Spain and converting some locals to Catholicism. However, Lapu-Lapu, a native ruler, resisted Spanish colonization and killed Magellan in 1521. Spain then began over 300 years of colonization, introducing Christianity, exploiting gold and other resources, and establishing political and economic systems like the encomienda. Filipino nationalism emerged in response to Spanish abuses, led by reformists like Rizal, del Pilar, and Lopez Jaena. Their Katipunan revolutionary movement was suppressed, leading to the Philippine Revolution and war for independence from Spain.
Spain was the first European country to rise as a great colonizing power in modern times. At the zenith of her glory and grandeur during the 16th century, her siglo de oro (golden century), she had far-flung colonies in Africa, the New World (Latin America and Asia).
The document summarizes various Filipino revolts against Spanish rule from 1574 to 1843. It describes the causes of the revolts as oppression, tribute, forced labor, land grabs by friars, and religious persecution. It then lists the names of Filipino libertarian leaders and provides brief descriptions of 3-4 key revolts led by Lakan Dula, Dagohoy, Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang. The revolts failed due to a lack of national unity, regional divisions, communication challenges across the archipelago, and Spanish military superiority.
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, the Governor General had executive, legislative, judicial, military, and ecclesiastical powers as the sole representative of the Spanish crown. The Royal Audiencia acted as the Supreme Court and checked the Governor General's power, investigating corrupt officials. Local governance was carried out by encomenderos, alcalde mayores, and gobernadorcillos, who administered provinces, towns, and cities but often abused the native populations. The Spanish imposed heavy taxes on Filipinos and utilized systems like bandala and polo y servicios that amounted to forced labor.
Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521 as part of a Spanish expedition searching for the Spice Islands. He claimed the Philippines for Spain but was killed in 1521 during a battle with Lapu-Lapu and his warriors on Mactan Island. In 1565, Spain began colonizing the Philippines under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and sought to spread Catholicism. The Spanish established central and local governments, but the church exercised significant influence, leading the government to be called "Frailocracia."
The document discusses the political, economic, and social aspects that shaped the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. This includes the impact of the Bourbon Reforms, the introduction of the Cadiz Constitution, the end of the Galleon trade, the opening of the Suez Canal, the rise of the Chinese mestizos and inquilinos social classes. Overall, these changes introduced ideas of liberalism, nationalism and calls for more rights and representation among Filipinos during Rizal's time in the late 19th century.
The Spanish Conquest and the Colonization of the PhilippinesJOSEPHINE LIBAN
The document summarizes the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Philippines. It details how the Portuguese pioneered oceanic trade routes to Asia in search of spices. This led the Spanish to send Ferdinand Magellan to reach the Spice Islands by sailing west in 1519. Magellan's expedition made landfall in the Philippines and converted local leaders to Christianity, but he was later killed in a battle against Lapu Lapu in Mactan Island in 1521, making him the first European to die in the Philippines. The Spanish continued colonizing the islands and imposing their religion over the next centuries.
The document summarizes the economic progress of the Philippines under American rule from 1898 to 1939. It describes how the Americans developed agriculture, industry, infrastructure, and financial systems, which led to increased prosperity. Population tripled and agricultural production of crops like rice, corn, and sugar increased substantially. New industries and banks were established. However, the Philippines remained economically dependent on the United States and American business interests dominated the new industries. This dependence and lack of independence spurred the Philippine people's desire for full sovereignty.
1) The Spanish government controlled tobacco production in the Philippines and imposed a tobacco monopoly, which generated significant profits but relied on exploitative labor practices. Filipinos resisted by smuggling and illegal trade.
2) Several religious orders, including the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominicans, arrived in the late 16th-17th centuries and established churches, schools, and universities that spread Christianity and European cultural influences.
3) While European customs were gradually adopted in the Philippines, the native population still largely maintained their own cultural heritage and modified foreign practices to fit local traditions.
Rizal wrote this essay to refute claims that Filipinos were inherently lazy. He argues that laziness in the Philippines was not a natural trait, but rather was caused by 16 factors imposed by Spanish colonization, including wars that depopulated the islands, pirate attacks, the attitudes of friars discouraging work, the loss of international trade, exploitative landowners, the introduction of gambling, numerous Catholic festivals, the loss of individual liberties, lack of support from the Spanish government, friars owning the best lands, lack of education, degradation of human dignity, inculcation of racial inferiority, ridicule of ambition, lack of a model of a hard worker, and suppression of national identity and association.
Early Filipinos lived in communities near bodies of water for access to food and protection. They resided in caves, nipa huts, tree houses, and houses on stilts. Their livelihoods included agriculture using kaingin and wet methods, hunting, boat-making, and trading using gold standards. Communities were organized into barangays led by a datu and council of elders who established laws and resolved conflicts. Society comprised datus, maharlika, timawa, and alipin. Burial practices varied among groups and included burying in trees, caves, or under homes.
The document summarizes aspects of governance and administration in the Spanish colony of the Philippines. As a crown colony, the Philippines was administered by the Council of the Indies and later placed under the Ministry of the Colonies. The Spanish established a highly centralized government headed by a governor-general appointed by the King of Spain. The judicial system was led by the Audiencia, while religious matters were administered by Catholic orders like the Augustinians and Franciscans. Taxation systems like the tribute, diezmos, and tobacco monopoly supported the colonial regime.
Economic life under spain presentation transcriptreygarganza
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines experienced slow economic development due to Spain's focus on Catholicism and expanding its empire elsewhere. While the Spanish introduced some changes, like private land ownership and new crops and industries, they exploited the local economy through systems like encomiendas and tributes. In the 19th century, the Philippines saw more changes like the opening of trade, rise of banks and improvements in infrastructure, but oppression of the Filipinos remained and dissatisfaction grew.
Economic life under spain presentation transcriptreygarganza
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines experienced slow economic development due to Spain's focus on Catholicism and expanding its empire elsewhere. While the Spanish introduced land ownership, abolished slavery, and established new industries, crops, and trade networks, much of the wealth generated benefited Spain and corrupt officials. The Spanish also imposed taxation and labor systems like encomiendas, tributes, and polo that oppressed Filipinos. However, in the 19th century Spain opened the country to foreign trade and investment and introduced improvements in transportation, communication, and banking that began developing the economy but also led to unrest and revolution among Filipinos.
ADVANCED ASIAN HISTORY: SPANISH-COLONIZATION.pptxnorfelinrosos
This is a presentation about the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines during the 16th to 17th century. It tackles about the impacts of the spanish regime towards the Philippine history.
The document summarizes key aspects of Philippine history under Spanish colonial rule from the 16th century to the 19th century. It discusses the initial contact and conversion of natives to Catholicism starting with the Magellan expedition. It then covers the pacification campaigns of the Spaniards and the establishment of settlements through military might and religion. The document also summarizes the policies of attraction and divide and conquer used by the Spaniards to subjugate the Filipinos. It discusses the systems of encomienda, taxation, and other government monopolies that exploited the natives and caused economic decline. It also notes the initial resistance of groups like the Moros and cultural communities that were able to avoid subjugation.
The encomienda system assigned Spanish landowners responsibility over indigenous populations in a specific area. They were responsible for collecting tribute in the form of goods, labor, or taxes from the native population to support the Spanish crown and Catholic church. This system led to abuse and exploitation of the native population. It disrupted communities and traditional leadership structures.
The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism (MID 1700`S -1900`S)mirylyngomezalcones
This document provides a summary of key events in the development of Filipino nationalism from the mid-1700s to 1900. It discusses early revolts against Spanish rule that were local and fragmented in nature. It then outlines the unifying impact of the British invasion in 1762, the Silang and Palaris revolts of the same time period, and the Basi revolt of 1807. The document also notes the influence of the opening of foreign ports, the spread of liberal ideas from abroad, and the execution of priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora in 1872 in galvanizing Filipino nationalism. It concludes that while the secularization movement was halted, the seeds of Filipino nationalism had been firmly planted
The document discusses factors that contributed to decline in civilizations in Chapter 19, including disease, inferior technology, civil unrest, superstition, and belief in doomsday. It then provides details on the Spanish conquests of the Aztec empire in Mexico led by Hernan Cortes in 1519 and the Inca empire in Peru led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532, noting how alliances and capturing leaders helped the Spanish conquer these civilizations. The Spanish then established control over the newly claimed lands in both Mexico and Peru.
The document summarizes key events in the development of Filipino nationalism from the mid-1700s to 1900. It discusses early revolts against Spanish rule that were localized in nature, as well as later revolts and events in the 1800s that helped unify the Filipino identity and nationalist movement. Specifically, it mentions the British invasion exposing Spain's vulnerabilities, the Silang and Palaris revolts demonstrating regional unification against Spain, the Basco wine and tobacco monopolies sparking revolt, and the opening of foreign ports allowing entry of new liberal ideas from abroad. It also discusses the rise of an educated Ilustrado class and their promotion of Filipino rights and identity, as well as Governor de la Torre's
The document summarizes the key social, political, and economic aspects of the 19th century Philippines under Spanish colonial rule. It describes the colonial administration as unstable and corrupt, denying basic human rights to Filipinos. Socially, it was a feudal system with Spanish officials and friars at the top. Economically, the galleon trade declined and new crops for export grew. The opening of the Suez Canal increased liberal ideas and desire for independence. The educational system focused on religion and Spanish language to promote colonial control.
The document discusses the economic, social, and cultural transformations that occurred in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. Key developments included the introduction of new crops and industries like tobacco, sugar and coconut that boosted agriculture. The Spanish also established institutions and infrastructure to develop the economy, including opening Manila to global trade in 1834. Socially, Filipinos adopted Catholicism and the Spanish language while retaining aspects of their indigenous culture.
Overview of the phil during the mid 19th century.Carlo Tonogbanua
The document provides an overview of the Philippines during the mid-19th century under Spanish colonial rule. Key points include:
- Spaniards introduced new customs, religion, and institutions that changed indigenous Filipino society. Economic development was neglected in favor of using the Philippines as a missionary outpost and military base.
- The galleon trade system benefited Spanish merchants but discouraged local economic growth. A plural economy developed among Western, native, and Chinese sectors.
- The friars consolidated the population into resettlements called reducciones to more easily control and convert the indigenous peoples to Christianity. This established a colonial social hierarchy with Spanish clergy at the top.
The Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century and established colonial rule that lasted until 1898. They resettled Filipinos into planned towns centered around a plaza with a church, established the Catholic faith across the islands, and developed a colonial economy based on agriculture and trade. The Spaniards educated a Filipino elite class in Spanish language and culture to help administer the colony, while the general population became known as "indios" and were expected to pay tributes and provide forced labor to the Spanish. Overall, the Spanish period unified the islands under one colonial administration and introduced Christianity and Hispanic cultural influences while asserting political control.
The Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century and established colonial rule that lasted until 1898. They resettled Filipinos into planned towns centered around a plaza with a church, established the Catholic faith across the islands, and developed a colonial economy based on agriculture and trade. The Spaniards educated a Filipino elite class in Spanish language and culture to help administer the colony, while the general population lived as "indios" under Spanish political and economic control, paying tributes and taxes. Overall, the Spanish colonial period transformed Filipino society and unified the islands under a single colonial administration while spreading Christianity and Hispanic influences.
The Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century and established colonial rule that lasted until 1898. They resettled Filipinos into planned towns centered around a plaza with a church, established the Catholic faith across the islands, and developed a colonial economy based on agriculture and trade. The Spaniards educated a Filipino elite class in Spanish language and culture to help administer the colony, while the general population became known as "indios" and were expected to pay tributes and provide forced labor to the Spanish. Overall, the Spanish period unified the islands under one colonial administration and introduced European cultural influences like Christianity, the Spanish language, and new economic systems, changing Filipino life.
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines from the 1600s-1800s:
- The central government was headed by a Governor-General appointed by the King of Spain who had vast executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Local governments included provincial governors and town mayors.
- Spain propagated Catholicism through various missionary orders and established the Inquisition to enforce orthodox religious beliefs. The union of church and state placed the church at the highest levels of colonial administration.
- Economic systems like the encomienda, tributes, and monopolies generated wealth for the colony and its rulers in Spain while also exploiting Filipino labor. Printing was introduced to spread Catholic texts and ideas.
Mexico played an important role in Spain's conquest of the Philippines in the 16th century. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was ruled from Mexico by a Mexican viceroy appointed by the Spanish king. During this period, Mexico contributed greatly to Philippine culture by introducing new plants, animals, industries, music, and Catholic traditions. The Philippines was economically linked to Mexico through the annual galleon trade route, which also facilitated cultural exchanges between the two regions like the introduction of Chinese markets called "parians." Filipinos drew inspiration from Mexico and other Latin American countries' revolutions for independence from Spain in the 19th century. Both regions reciprocally influenced each other's culture and development during this time of shared history
1) Beginning in the 15th century, European explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartholomew Diaz, and Vasco de Gama began exploring routes to Asia, leading to eventual Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
2) The Spanish were able to colonize the Philippines through alliances with local datus (chiefs), using practices like the sandugo blood compact to gain their trust and cooperation.
3) Over time, the Spanish established control through the encomienda system, which granted land and native labor to colonists, and the repartimiento system of forced labor. They founded major cities and assigned religious orders to spread Catholicism.
The document summarizes the impact of Spanish reforms instituted by Viceroy Francisco de Toledo in the late 16th century on the Inca population. The key reforms included relocating indigenous peoples into Spanish-style towns (reducciones) to facilitate control and exploitation, imposing a tax system, and establishing forced labor drafts to work in mines. While the reforms aimed to increase royal revenues, they also enabled greater corruption by Spanish officials who exploited the new systems for private gain and profit by intimidating the local populations and extracting unpaid labor. The reforms undermined traditional Inca social structures and subjected people to an oppressive colonial caste system.
Similar to Institutional Impact of Spanish Rule in the Philippines (20)
This document discusses JavaScript looping statements. It describes for, for...in, for...of, while, and do...while loops. For loops run statements a specified number of times or iterate over properties of an object. While and do-while loops run code while/until a condition is false. Examples are provided for each loop type to demonstrate their syntax and usage.
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The document summarizes key aspects of intellectual property law in the Philippines based on the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines. It outlines the state's policy of recognizing intellectual property as vital for development while promoting diffusion of knowledge. It also summarizes the government agency responsible for implementation, significant features of the law including changes made, and provides overviews of patent, trademark, and copyright laws.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
3. 1565 – the year when the Spaniards settled
permanently in the Philippines
Reduccion – Spanish word for resettlement,
that imposed the missionaries and the
encomenderos to collect all the scattered
Filipinos together.
4. 1580 - the Franciscans proceeded to establish
pueblos, ordering the missionary to reside there,
where the church and convent would be
constructed.
The reduccion plan presented by Franciscan Fr.
Juan de Plasencia to the Synod of Manila (1582)
was approved unanimously by missionaries and
the Governor General of the Philippines.
5. The Motive of REDUCCION…
The reduccion, to the Spaniards, was, no
doubt, a “civilizing” device to make the Filipinos
law- abiding citizens of the Spanish crown, and,
in the long run, to make them ultimately “little
brown spaniards,” adopting Hispanic culture
and civilization.
6. The more courageous unbelievers among them
who rejected Spanish domination, went to the
hills and became remontados, cimarrones,
ladrones monteses, malhechores or tulisanes in
the eyes of the Spaniards.
The Spanish friars enticed the unbaptized indios
by utilizing the novel sights, sounds, and even,
smell of Christian rites and rituals.
7. Upon baptism, Filipinos were given Christian
names usually derived from the feast day of the
saint when he was born or baptized, which
facilitated identification and recording of
population for tax collecting purposes.
WHAT IF THE PHILIPPINES NEVER BECAME
UNDER THE RULE OF SPAIN?
8. CHANGES IN THE PRE-COLONIAL BARANGAYS
External Changes
- construction of colonial churches and convents
- building of private homes
- Spanish trade which brought in new cultural
elements from the Americans and the Pacific,
alongside with acountless inventory of new
ethnobotanic specimens as com, camote, cassava,
tobacco and numerous exotic fruits, vegetables, and
medicinal herbs
9. CHANGES IN THE PRE-COLONIAL BARANGAYS
Internal Changes
- integration of Spanish customs and values
- Christianity
- Castilian language
10.
11. Income generating mechanisms were introduced by the Spanish colonial
government in the Philippines consists of:
• Direct Tax - can be personal tribute and income tax
• Indirect Tax - custom duties and the bandala
• Monopolies - rentas escantandas of special crops and items such as spirituous
liquors, betel nuts, tabacco explosives, and opium.
13. In 1570 the tribute was fixed at 8 reales (1 reales = 12 ½ centavos)
or in kind of gold, blanket, cotton, rice, bells. And raised to 15 reales
until the end of Spanish period (19th century):
• Tribute of 10 reales
• Diezmos prediales (tithes) for 1 real
• Town community chest for 1 real
• Sanctorum tax for church support for 3 reales
14. Special Privileges of Tax Exemptions:
• Descendants of the Filipino chiefly class who served in the pacification campaigns,
namely, Carlos Lakandula of Manila, Pedro Mojica of Cavite, and Rajah Tupas of
Cebu.
• Laborers of the arsenal and artillery yard of Cavite
• The mediquillos
• Vaccinators
• College and university student of University of Santo Tomas, San Juan de Letran,
San Jose and San Carlos.
15. Bandala - from the tagalog word maridala, which assumed the meaning of the annual
enforced sales or requisitioning of goods.
Pampanga provided an annual bandala of 24,000 fanegas of rice during Gov. Sebastian Hurtado
de Corcueras time (1635-1644) causing the Kapampangan refusal to plant rice.
Later, the bandala was abolished in the provinces of Tondo, Bulacan, Pampanga, Laguna, Batangas,
Tayabas, and Cavite in November 1782.
By 1884 the tribute was replaced by the cedula personal equivalent to
present residence tax. Whether Filipino or foreign, over 18 yrs. of age was
required to pay the cedula personal.
16. - a system of forced labour which evolved within the framework of the encomienda
system.
• 40 days of men ranging from 16 to 60 years of age, were obligated to give
personal services to community project.
• Work should be public services such as construction of infrastructure
One could be exempted by paying the falla daily at 2 real during the 40 day
period.
1884 - the forced labour was reduced to 15 days.
17. Negative effects of Polo to the Filipinos:
• The upsetting of the village economy
• Forced separation from the family
• Decimation of the male population as they were compelled at
times to escape to the mountains
18. Encomineda comes from the word encomendor meaning to “entrust”.
Another revenue-getting that Hispanic institution introduced in the
Philippines. It was a grant from the Spanish crown to a meritorious Spaniard
to exercise control over a specific place including its habitants.
19. Encomenderos’ Duties, as required by the law:
• To keep peace and order
• To give protection to the natives
• To assist the missionaries to teach Christian gospel to the
natives
• To promote education
20. Encomenderos’ Duties, as required by the law:
• To keep peace and order
• To give protection to the natives
• To assist the missionaries to teach Christian gospel to the
natives
• To promote education
21. Unfortunately, many Spanish Encomenderos committed abuses:
• Brutal treatment of the Filipinos
• Collecting more tribute than that authorized by law
• Forcing the people to work for them
• Seizure of the people’s animals and crops without just
compensation
22. Three kinds of Encomiendas that existed in the Philippines:
• The Royal Encomiendas
• The Ecclesiastical Encomiendas
• Private Encomiendas
23. Some people who granted Encomienda:
• Pedro de Chaves who owned Pandacan, Sampaloc and Macabebe
• Juan Esguerra who owned Bataan
• Francisco Rodriguez who owned Batangas
At least Two (2) Filipinos from Pampanga were owners of the private
Encomienda:
• Francisco Liwag with 55 attributes
• Juan de Macapagal with 300 attributes
24. - known as Galleon de Manila or Nao de China, it runs in the huge stretch of the
Pacific Ocean for two hundred fifty years with two vessels making the journey yearly
— one outgoing, the other incoming — between Manila and Acapulco de Ju£rez,
reaching as far as Callao in Peru.
• The trip lasted approximately 200 days
25. • The galleon trade benefitted only a very small coterie of privileged Spaniards
• The few Spaniards who relied heavily on the trade became affluent, but when the
trade declined in the eighteenth century, an economic depression resulted which
arrested the normal population growth.
• Tempted by the lucrative trade Chinese immigrants converged at the Parian or
Alcaiceria of Manila in Binondo.
By 1687, a community of Christian Chinese and mestizos was already formally
based in Binondo. Retail and small credit business came under the control of
Chinese mestizos.
26. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF MANILA – ACAPULCO GALLEON TRADE
• Intercultural exchanges between the Philippines and the Americans.
• The Mango de Manila, tamarind, rice, and carabao became known by 1737 in Mexico.
• Brought innumerable and valuable flora and fauna into the Philippines: avocado,
guava, papaya, pineapple, horses and cattle.
• A considerable number of Nahuatl (Aztec) elements crept into the Philippine
languages, such as tiyangge (tianquiztli), kakaw (cacahuatl), tsokolate (xoco-atl),
kamatsili (quauhmochitl), sayote (chayotli), singkamas (xicama) and tocayo (tocaitl).
The Mexicans, on the other hand, borrowed the Filipino words tuba (coconut toddy),
hilanhilan (ilang-ilang), etc.
27. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MANILA – ACAPULCO GALLEON TRADE
• The neglect of native extractive industries like agriculture and arrest of population
growth of the Manila-Acapulco trade
• The only active Filipino involvement was in the construction of galleons — in the
cutting of massive and heavy Philippine hardwoods, hauling and transporting them
usually to the far-off shipyards of Cavite, Mindoro, Marinduque or Masbate.
• Galleon construction was not meant to conflict with the planting and harvesting
schedules but in practice, this was not the case. Thus, the growth of Philippine
agriculture was further retarded
• Forced labor that ignited the Sumoroy revolt (1649), Pampanga Revolt (1660).
28. Jose de Basco y Vargas – a frigate captain who for nine
years revamped the then existing antiquated economic in
the Philippines.
Following the royal order “to form a society of learned and competent persons
capable of producing useful ideas,” he formally organized the Real Sociedad
EconSmica de Amigos del Pats that composed of leading men in business,
industry and the professions.
29. • Basco introduced the Plan General Economico to make the colony truly
self-supporting in economy and entirely self-sufficient from the annual
Mexican subsidy, which included the income-generating monopolies of
tobacco, areca nut, spirituous liquors, and explosives, which, unfortunately,
brought untold hardships on the Filipinos.
• He gave incentives by awarding cash prizes and medals of recognition for
excellence in farming indigo, spices, cotton, cultivating mulberry for
silk production, bee-keeping, mining, inventions, the arts and sciences.
30. • Basco’s society was also credited with introducing the Carabao Ban in
1782 (to conserve this draft animal), the formation of silversmiths and gold
beaters' guild in 1783, and the construction of the first papermill in the
Philippines in 1825.
• The Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country died temporarily in
1787, was revived in 1819, and was suspended briefly in 1820 due to the
Asiatic cholera epidemic. It resumed its activities in 1822, gradually faded out
in 1875, revived again in 1882, until it ceased to exist by the middle of
the 1890s. (start of Philippine Revolution)
31. March 10, 1785 – Charles III created
the Compaña Real de Filipinas with
a 25-year charter
Modelled after the Royal Guipuzcoana de Caracas Company in South
America, with main purpose of uniting American and Asian commerce
32. IMPLICATIONS OF ROYAL PHILIPPINE COMPANY
• RPC was vehemently opposed by Dutch and English interests who saw it as a direct
attack on their trade in Asian goods
• It also met stiff opposition from the Spanish-Manila traders of the Consulado y
Comercio de Manila who saw it as a strong competitor of the Manila-Acapulco
trade.
• Later, the Manila-Acapulco trade deteriorated as the RPC reaped profits.
• After decade of existence, it gains 15 million from its initial stock of
8 thousand pesos
33. According to the Spaniards, the Royal Philippine Company helped the early
growth of agriculture, especially of Philippine-grown products like indigo,
sugar, coffee, spices, dyewood (sibucao), and textiles. Also they devoted
exclusive preference to cotton production and weaving, cultivation of black
pepper, besides the propagation of silk, indigo and sugar.
34. • Puente Colgante (now Quezon Bridge) - the first
suspension bridge in the Far East, designed by
Gustave Eiffel of the famous tower in Paris
• Tolls for Carriages – amount paid depending on the number of wheels
• Traffic became heavier through the years
• Calle Hormiga - a small alley in Binondo, describes the sluggish vehicular movement owing to
heavy traffic volume in Manila’s busiest commercial section
35. Modern ways of telecommunications developed in the 19th century:
• Ferrocarril de Manila - the only railway line in the archipelago
back then, and extended 120 miles long up to Dagupan (Pangasinan)
• Compahia de los Tranvias de Filipinas –
established in Manila in 1885 by Jacobo
Zobel de Zangroniz and Adolfo Bayo
1888 - One Tranvia de Vapor (steam-powered) between Malabon and Binondo
36. • 1872 - The first telegraph lines between Manila and Corregidor.
• 1882 - Manila-Hongkong overseas telegram was laid via Cape Bolinao in
Pangasinan putting Manila telegram in touch with Europe and Asia
• 1890 - The telephone in Manila began functioning with its main office at
Intramuros and a branch at Calle San Jacinto (now T. Pinpin) in Binondo
• 1897 - the first interisland submarine cable linking Manila to Iloilo, Bacolod, and
Cebu, laid by the Eastern Extension Australia and China Telegraph Company
37. Araha, driven by one horse, and the
Victoria, by two, and the
ubiquitous Calesa and Carretela
Public Lighting System in Manila and suburbs using coconut oil, the
streets of Santa Cruz, Binondo, Quiapo, San Miguel and Sampaloc
where illumined by the mid 19th century.
38.
39. “La Letra Con Sangre Entra” (“Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child”)
40. The earliest schools in the Philippines were established following
King Charles V’s decree of July 17, 1550
The Spanish missionaries in the Philippines used
children in the belief that they would learn their
alphabet, language, Christian doctrine and customs,
policies and transmit them in the town
afterwards.
41. • A free compulsory publicly supported system of primary schools came with the
Educational Decree of 1863
• Each town had at least two schools, one for boys and another for girls, aged from
six to fourteen years old.
• Parents who did not send their children to schools were fined ½ to 2 reales.
• As it happened in many towns, the barracks, jail, or town hall served as the
schoolhouse.
• Propagandists, like Rizal, bewailed the defects of the educational system
implemented by the Spaniards in the Philippines.
42. The Colegio de Niños was founded in 1596, an annex of the Jesuit
Colegio de Manila. Here, the sons of chiefs were taught:
• Christian doctrine
• 3R’s (Reading, wRiting, Religion)
• Vocal and instrumental music
• Handicrafts
43. Two kinds of teaching:
• Priesthood
• General Secondary Education
44.
45. 1865-1901, the Society of Jesus administered the Escuela Normal de
Maestros de Manila, the first normal school to train male teachers for
primary schools, established by the decree of 1863.
46. The present University of Santo Tomas, originally called the
Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario, in 1611, was
converted into a Dominican University in 1645.
47. Opened in 1620, the present Colegio de San Juan de Letran was originally
founded as the Seminario de Niños Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo. Since
1640, it was known by its present name and is now considered oldest secondary school
in the Philippines.
48. The first boarding schools for Spanish girls in the Philippines were the
Colegios (secondary schools) of Santa Potenciana (1591-1864) and Santa
Isabel (1632)
• Daughters of upper-class Spaniards were called “beaterios”. These
beaterios included the Beaterio de la Compama de Jestis (now the
Religious of the Virgin Mary) founded in 1684; Santa Catalina de Sena
(1696); San Sebastian de Calumpang (1719); Santa Rita de Pasig (1740);
and Santa Rosa (1750).
49.
50. The 19th century saw the establishment of other colegios for women: the
Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion Concordia, now Concordia College
(1868); and Assumption College (1892). A primary school set up in 1864 by
the Ayuntamiento of Manila — the Municipal Girls School
51.
52. As decreed by Governor Narciso Claveria in 1849, names of Filipinos were
influenced by Hispanic culture. Filipinos were obligated to adopt surnames like
Rizal, Del Pilar, Luna etc., although some indigenous surnames like Mabini,
Malantic, Dandan, and Panganiban, were retained.
Why Filipinos are given family names?
- as bases for census and statistics, for guaranteed exact tax collection,
regular performance of polos y servicios personates, and control of population
movement, thereby avoiding unauthorized migration, tax evasion, and other
abuses.
53. Bahay-Kubo for the class “pobre” of Filipinos
Bahay-Na-Bato
with a wide azotea/
batalan/banguerahan
54. Both Spanish and Chinese influenced the Filipino table. Filipino ingenuity is still
reflected in the Spanish-introduced but already indigenized dishes as the adobo,
menudo, sarciado, pochero, or mechado, and the Chinese-derived noodle preparations
which have been Filipinized into pancit Malabon and pancit luglog.
55. Kanggan and bahag (loincloth) were transformed into the barong tagalog or camisa
chino and trousers, respectively. Hats replaced the putong, and shoes and slippers
became part of men’s fashion. And the baro and saya for women. Jewelry and body
ornaments was used also
56. Nobody can deny the extent of the Spanish loan words that filtered
into the major and minor languages of the Philippines like dasal from
rezar, byahe from viaje, etc.. Conversely, the Filipinos also
contributed to enrich the Spanish language camarin from kamalig,
carinderia from karihan, and molave from mulawin.
57. With the conversion of the Filipinos, fiestas honouring the saints were
introduced. From January to December, there were fiestas from the town to
the barrio level all over the lowland Christianized Philippines. The births or
anniversaries of members of the Spanish royalty were also occasions for
festive merry making. Indeed, it was not only a socializing factor but also one
of the most potent allurements for the yet unbaptized Filipinos. Religious
dramas were also introduced.
61. The precolonial “baybayin” (syllabic writing) was supplanted by the Latin
alphabet as part of the Hispanization of the Filipinos. By the mid-eighteenth
century, it was observed that it was already rare to find a Filipino who
still knew how to read them, much less write them.
62. “The early missionaries in the Philippines as those in Mexico were
prone to regard the ancient writings equally with the objects used in
such worship as was practiced by the native people as works of the
evil one, lienee they ruthlessly destroyed these signs of culture
whenever and wherever found.”
-James Robertson
63. The potent appendages of education
were the printing press, books and libraries.
When the Spanish friars introduced the
art of printing in the Philippines, their primary
purpose was to facilitate their work of
converting the Filipinos
.
64. The three earliest books published at the Parian of Manila in 1593
• Doctrina Christiana,
en lengua espanola y tagala
• Wu-chi T'ien-chu cheng-chiao chen-ch'uan shih-lu
(A Discussion of the Real Traditional Propagation of the True Religion)
• Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china
65. As far as records show, the earliest known Filipino writers during the
seventeenth century were an unknown Tagalog laditio (bilingual) poet
- May bagyo ma't may dilim (“Though Stormy and Dark”) in 1605
- Salamat nang ualang hangga (“Eternal Thanks”), Fernando Bagongbanta
- Salamat nang ualang hoyang (“Endless Thanks”), Pedro Suarez Ossorio
In the eighteenth century, Gaspar Aquino de Belen, Felipe de Jesus and
Jose de la Cruz (“Huseng Sisiw”) ranked among the more famous ones.
66. May 1596 - Governor Francisco Tello was instructed by the crown
that in order to make reduccion successful, the Filipinos should be
taught Castilian. For instance, in 1792, Filipinos were strictly
forbidden to speak their own dialects in convents, monasteries and
courts, where only Spanish should be the medium of communication.
But the Spanish friars considered an uneducated Filipino who knew
Spanish a future "filibustero”.
67. Theocentric Literature
- awit (dodecasyllabic quatrain)
- corrido (octosyllabic quatrain), and
- metrical romances
Examples:
• Anti-Muslim melodramas
• Pasyon - the vocal interpretation of the sinakulo
• Zarzuela
68. T. H. Pardo de Tavera blamed the corridos “which consisted their profane
reading,” the pasyons and novenas “which consisted their religious
readings,” as the roots of “ignorantism” of Philippine society.
There were no books on political science in the library collection which
would have politicized the Filipinos before the outbreak of the Philippine
Revolution in 1896.
69. COLONIAL ARTS
Christianity produced the variegated forms of Filipino arts and crafts
surrounding the religious fiestas. The visual arts (painting and sculpture),
like the making of imagenes, santoses, and jewelry, bloomed during this time.
Folk art observed during fiestas are seen up to this day in the whittled
bamboo arch decorations (kaluskos), moriones, rosaries, combs, the
palaspas, the Christmas parols, pastillas wrappers, and colorful art
presentation in foods served, as pan de San Nicolas, atsara or sapin-sapin.
70.
71. The early missionaries also facilitated Filipino conversion by using
Hispanic music along with the introduction of Western instruments
such as the organ, harp, guitar, and piano. The Franciscan friars
were the most zealous in utilizing music in Christianization, using
children in teaching both Gregorian and Figurado chants.
72.
73. Despite the more than three hundred years of Spanish domination using the Sword
and the Cross, Spain was not successful in completely Hispanizing the indios.
”Pre-colonial Filipino society was not obliterated with the coming of the
Spaniards, as their responses to Hispanization varied. . . from acceptance to
indifference and rejection. . . [and] they adapted many Hispanic features to their
own indigenous culture. They were “partially Hispanized” and never lost that
Malaysian stratum which to this day remains the foundation of their culture.”
- John Leddy Phelan, Historian
74. By the end of the Spanish rule, the transformation of the Philippine
colony had created a blending of the native and Spanish cultures which
became the bases of Filipinism or nationalism.
Thus, when the Filipinos passed to another colonial era it was the
synthesis of foreign and native which guided their behaviour and
response to the next century.
75.
76. INSIGNE, Janssen Harvey P.
EVANGELISTA, Luigi Miguel M.
MAGAT, Ralph Gerard B.
MEDINA, Jorge Ivan P.
YUMANG, John Elmer B.
77. ANO ANG NAGING EPEKTO NG
PANANAKOP NG MGA ESPANYOL
SA KASALUKUYANG PANAHON?