The document discusses the role of collective action and property rights in agricultural responses to climate change, emphasizing community-based weather monitoring, natural resource management, and coping strategies. It highlights the importance of local institutions and property rights coordination for enhancing resilience and effective disaster management. The document calls for harmonization between government policies and community strategies to address ecological and human rights standards effectively.

1. Ruth Meinzen-Dick Coordinator, CGIAR Systemwide Program on Collective Action and Property Rights www.capri.cgiar.org

2. Climate Change Mitigation Adaptation Within Agriculture Raised awareness of climate change on agriculture and resources Community-based weather monitoring and forecasting Natural resource management Drought and pest resistant crops Out of Agriculture Occupational diversification Migration Remittances Coping Strategies Local safety nets Insurance Disaster Management Early warning systems Disaster preparedness Disaster and Emergency response GHG Emission Reduction Energy diversification Regulations including Cap and Trade Carbon Sequestration CDM: Payments for Environmental Services Voluntary Emission Reductions Voluntary Carbon Markets REDD

3. Time Short Long Space Plot Com-munity Nation Global Property Rights Coordination Inter national State Transboundary River Basins Forests Reservoirs Watershed management Ponds Terracing New seeds Carbon Markets Agroforestry Soil Carbon IPM Irrigation Seed Systems

4. GHG Emission Reduction —national or international level cooperation Energy diversification Biofuels Renewable Energy Regulations including Cap and Trade—PR to pollute?

5. Carbon Sequestration CDM: Payments for Environmental Services—PR , scale often prohibit smallholders from participating, CA can help overcome these barriers Voluntary Emission Reductions—role for CA? Voluntary Carbon Markets—may be more geared to smallholders because of goodwill, willing to work with groups rather than individuals? REDD—will depend on how PR are defined for participation

6. Raised awareness of climate change on agriculture and resources Role for CA in reaching farmers, links to larger institutions Community-based weather monitoring and forecasting Role for CA, links to larger institutions Natural resource management Drought and pest resistant crops

7. Time Short Long Space Plot Com-munity Nation International Property Rights Coordination International State Co llec tive Act ion New Seeds Seed supply Developing new varieties

8. Local safety nets CA can be effective in delivery of safety nets (mutual insurance societies, community seed reserves But don’t idealize Insurance CA can manage idiosyncratic risk, but not covariate risk Need for higher level institutions

9. Early warning systems State and CA Disaster preparedness State and CA Disaster and Emergency response State and CA PR implications for rebuilding after disasters (who is compensated, do property boundaries shift)

10. Occupational diversification Individual, with state support and social networks Migration and remittances Individual, with state support and social networks

11. Institutional diversity increases resilience Range of local organizational forms for CA Range of property rights regimes Local institutions are critical, but no specific community level mandates: allow local organizations to select strategy compatible with their needs and context Government policies, international mandates more effective if they established ecological and human rights standards, then support variety of institutional strategies

12. Harmonization between spheres and sectors Large overarching goals at the highest level More detailed, task oriented programs at the national level Complex programs at community levels tailored to diverse needs Connect community and higher level organizations

13. For more information: www.capri.cgiar.org