Inside The Cell
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This document summarizes the relative sizes of structures within a human cell at a scale of 1 million times enlarged. At this scale: - The cell membrane would be about 1 cm thick. - The nucleus would be around 10 meters in diameter and contain chromosomes that are 2-10 meters long with DNA unravelled to 50 kilometers. - Organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes range in size from a few centimeters to a bag or rucksack. - The cytoskeleton would appear as protein fibers and tubules ranging from 0.5 to 2 cm thick.
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The document discusses cell structure and function. It defines cells as the basic units of life and describes two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It explains key differences like eukaryotes having a nucleus and organelles while prokaryotes do not. The rest of the document details organelles found in typical animal and plant cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell wall. It provides information on the structure and function of each organelle.
Cells
The document discusses cells and their structures. It defines cells as the basic unit of life and describes two main types: prokaryotic cells like bacteria that are smaller and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells that are larger and contain membrane-bound organelles. Key organelles of eukaryotic cells are described like the nucleus that houses DNA, mitochondria that generate energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus that modify and transport proteins. The cell theory is introduced as the foundational idea that cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of cells.
Cells
Cells are the basic unit of life and come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex, containing membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria. Organelles specialize cells to carry out specific functions like protein production or energy generation. Cells range in size from a few microns to over a meter in some plant and animal cells.
Chapter 1 Cell structures.pptx
The document discusses cell structure and compares typical animal and plant cells. It explains different microscopy techniques used to study cells, such as light and electron microscopy. Key cellular structures are described for both animal and plant cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and more. The sizes and functions of organelles are also summarized. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are introduced and compared to eukaryotic cells. Viruses are also briefly described.
The cell factory ppt
This document discusses microscopy and cell structure. It begins by describing different types of microscopes used to study cells, including light microscopes and electron microscopes. It then summarizes the key contributors to the Cell Theory, including Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The rest of the document details the structures and organelles found within eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, and cell membrane. It emphasizes that cells are the basic functional units of living things.
Cells PPt
The document discusses cell theory and evidence that supports it. It states that all living things are made of cells, cells come from other cells, tissues are made of individual cells, and organelles cannot live independently of cells. It provides examples of unicellular organisms carrying out life functions through metabolism, response, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, and nutrition. It also discusses exceptions like muscle cells and the debates around viruses.
Cells.ppt
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells only come from pre-existing cells. Cells fall into two main categories - prokaryotes like bacteria that have no organized nucleus, and eukaryotes like plants and animals that have organized nuclei. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and more that carry out specialized functions, while prokaryotes lack these structures. Plant and animal cells share some components but differ in structures like plant cells having cell walls and chloroplasts for photosynthesis while animal cells do not.
Additional Notes: Cell theory
The document discusses key aspects of cell theory including that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the smallest living things, and cells only arise from pre-existing cells. It then covers differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, describing their structures such as the nucleus, cell membrane, and organelles. Specific organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the endomembrane system are explained in more detail. The cytoskeleton and means of cell movement are also summarized.
AP Bio Ch. 6.5 - 6.6
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have two defining features in common: they both have two membranes separating their interior from the cytosol, and they contain their own DNA and ribosomes. They are not part of the endomembrane system because they predate its evolution and were originally independent prokaryotic cells that became incorporated into eukaryotic cells via endosymbiosis. Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through respiration while chloroplasts perform photosynthesis.
UPDATED The cell factory ppt
The document discusses microscopy and cell structure. It begins by describing early microscopists like Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek and how they discovered and observed basic cell structures. It then summarizes the three main points of the Cell Theory: that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The rest of the document details the structures and organelles found within plant and animal cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell membrane, cytoskeleton and more. It explains their functions and roles in processes like cellular respiration, protein synthesis, and photosynthesis.
Introduction to animal cell.pptx
The document provides information on animal cells. It begins with an introduction to animal cells, noting that they lack cell walls and have organelles enclosed by the plasma membrane. It then discusses the size and shape of animal cells, noting their diversity. The main body details the structures and functions of various animal cell organelles, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. It concludes by listing some common types of animal cells like skin, muscle, blood, nerve, and stem cells.
UNIT - 1_1 to 80.pptx
- The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
- An E. coli cell is typically 1-2 μm in length and 1 μm3 in volume, containing approximately 3 million protein molecules. The interior of the cell is extremely crowded.
- Cells replicate through the cell cycle of DNA replication and mitosis, where one cell divides into two daughter cells with identical DNA. Cell organization and development allows for the formation of tissues and anatomical structures.
Cell structure revised
- All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function. The cell theory states that cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.
- Cells can be prokaryotic, lacking organelles and a nucleus, or eukaryotic, containing organelles and a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells include plant, animal, fungus and protist cells.
- Key structures of eukaryotic cells include a cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes and vacuoles. These structures perform important functions for cellular processes.
Chapt6and7
The document provides an overview of cell structure and microscopy. It discusses:
1. The basic components and structures of cells, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and organelles.
2. Key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. How light microscopes and electron microscopes work and their magnifying capabilities.
4. Specific organelles found in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes.
The Cell
Cells come in a wide range of sizes, with human egg cells being the largest at around 1/10 the size of a period at the end of a sentence in 12 point font. Bacteria are much smaller, with around 8,000 bacteria able to fit inside a single human egg cell. All cells share some common traits, including a cell membrane that regulates interactions between the cell and its environment, cytoplasm located inside the cell, and hereditary material called DNA that controls the cell. However, plant, bacteria, and other cell types can also contain additional structures like a cell wall, chloroplasts, or flagella.
ANATOMY OF CELL.pptx
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. The main components of cells include the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Within the cytoplasm are various organelles that carry out specific functions necessary for cell survival. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack organelles and a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells which have organelles and a clearly defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Mitochondria are important organelles that act as the powerhouses of the cell by generating energy through cellular respiration.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Inside The Cell
- 1. Marina Voloshina Phys-Math School, Novosibirsk State University, 2008 http://www.slideshare.net/outdoors Cell objects size and number the Cell Inside
- 2. A look at the cell in the human scale
- 3. 1 millimeter (mm) 5 0 average animal cells Cells are very small
- 4. 20 μ m ( micro meters) 1 micro meter = 10 –6 meter Average human cell
- 5. Let’s enlarge the cell to one million times
- 6. To the size of a room 20 μ m 20 m
- 7. real cell our × 1 000 000 1 micrometer 1 meter 1 nanometer 1 millimeter
- 8. Come in! And look around
- 9. The walls – cell membrane are very thin. 1 cm only 1 cm
- 10. The Nucleus 1 0 m Nucleus – the largest part of the cell
- 11. Nuclei of 2 neighbouring cells
- 12. 5 cm pore 5 cm envelope Chromosomes inside chromosome 20 cm thick
- 13. Inside the Nucleus 20 cm thick 2 – 10 m long Chromosomes No = 46 in each human cell
- 14. Chromosomes are made of DNA – the information storage molecule The cell brain 2 mm 50 kilometers unfolded DNA of one chromosome
- 15. In cell division the nucleus brakes down and chromosomes go out A-A-A !
- 16. Chromosomes in cell division
- 17. Dividing cell
- 18. Back to non-dividing cell A-A-A !
- 19. Endoplasmic reticulum – membrane net that fills the whole cell
- 20. Endoplasmic reticulum makes proteins, lipids, carbo- hydrates and transport them 5 cm
- 21. Mitochondria is the size of a table
- 22. But there are hundreds of such « tables » all over the cell
- 23. Better to think of mitochondria as a fireplace It produces energy ATP ATP
- 24. Bacterial cells are the same size as mitochondria Infection ! Bacteria not allowed
- 25. Ribosomes are the smallest organelles in your cell 2 cm
- 26. But very important No cell can exist without them Ribosomes make proteins – the “working horses” of cell
- 27. If ribosome would be 2 cm then an average protein – just 0.5
- 28. The ribosomes are plenty – around 100 000 in the cell
- 29. Ribosomes produce proteins – and cytoplasm is crowded with them Cytoplasm: thick like porridge
- 30. Some proteins are for internal use. Others are to be secreted outwards proteins
- 31. Cell packs them with Golgi Apparatus A size of a bag or rucksack
- 32. Many proteins to export -> many bags. 1 – 300 Golgi in different cell types
- 33. Some packs stay in the cell - lysosomes 20 cm
- 34. Lysosomes are for digestion Digestive enzymes Digestive system
- 35. Man has bones and muscles Cell has a cytoskeleton made of protein fibers and tubules
- 36. Cytoskeleton 2 cm 0.5 cm
- 38. Plant cells up to 100 micrometers = 0.1 mm are larger
- 39. some additional srtuctures and have
- 40. Thick outer wall membrane, 1 cm 10 cm – meters
- 41. Plant cell wall made of cellulose
- 42. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis 5 meters 10 – 100 chloroplasts per a plant cell
- 43. Photosynthesis Sun light CO 2 from the air All plants and animals exist due to Sun energy fixed in this amazing process Organic matter
- 44. You can barely move in plant cell. Most of space is occupied with giant central vacuole Central vacuole
- 45. Plant cells of a root
- 46. All the measurements we done are × 1 000 000 scale Go out of cell and remember
- 47. The end