ppt on elements, compds and mixtures

1. Cells
“The Building Blocks of Life”

2. What is a Cell?
• The structural and functional units of all
living organisms.
• What is a theory?
– A set of statements or principles devised to
explain a group of facts or phenomena
– Based on limited information or knowledge
– Verified of falsified through experimentation

3. Cell Theory
1) All living things are composed of
cells
2) Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living
things
3) All cells come from pre-existing
cells
Exceptions: Viruses
- Not composed of cells
- Cannot survive without a host

4. More about cells…
• Cells fall into two categories
– Eukaryotes – Plants, animals, fungi
• Cells that contain organized nuclei
– Prokaryotes - Bacteria
• Cells that contain a non-organized nuclei

5. Difference
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
The majority of prokaryotes are single-
celled.
The majority of eukaryotes have
multiple cells.
Due to the lack of a nuclear
membrane, the nucleus is loosely
defined.
A nuclear membrane surrounds the
nucleus, which is well-defined.
Plastids, cellular organelles, Golgi
bodies, and other cell organelles are
missing.
There are plastids, mitochondria, Golgi
bodies, and other cell organelles are
present.
The nucleolus is absent. There is a nucleolus present.
Example- Bacteria and algae Example- Animal cells and plant cells.

7. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
2 Types
Animal Plant
The major parts found in both
Nucleus
Cell
Membrane
ER
Found only in plants
Cell
Wall Chloroplast
Contains
DNA
Allows
materials
to enter
and
exit
Contain
Ribosomes
Produce
Membrane
lipids
Provides
support
Carry out
Photosynthesis
Ribosome
Makes
Protein from
amino acids
Mitochondria
Makes
energy

8. Plant cell Animal cell
1. A plant cell is surrounded by a
rigid cell wall.
1. An animal cell does not have a
cell wall.
2. Presence of a large vacuole is
seen in plant cells.
2. Whereas there are very small
vacuoles as compared to plant cells
are seen in animal cells.
3. Larger in size. 3. Smaller in size.
4. Plant cells have plastids. 4. Animal cells do not have plastids.
5. Centrosomes are absent in plant
cells
5. Animal cells have centrosomes.
6. Plant cells do not have cilia. 6. Animal cells have cilia.
7. Lysosomes are very rare in plant
cells.
7. Animal cells have lysosomes.