This presentation consists of different insects used for medicinal purpose in day-to-day life for curing diseases without any side effects. The craze of use of insects in medical treatments now-a-days increasing and also proved successful for curing many non curable disease and infections in human body. Many synthetic derivatives are also available in markets. This slide show contains insects and their products used for medical purpose.
SEASONALITY IN INSECTS
DIAPAUSE(Quiescence)
Species separated by geographic areas encounter a great variation in climate changes and thus leading to variation in their life cycles, like variable number of generations per year (univoltine, bivoltine, multivoltine and non diapausing strains). This phenomenon was first reported in Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR).
Diapause vs. Quiescence
Dormancy is a generic term for any state of naturally occurring ecological or evolutionary adaptations of arrested development, and usually accompanied with metabolic suppression. Diapause and quiescence form two different types of dormancies in insects. In general, insects commonly confront two types of major environmental stresses
This presentation consists of different insects used for medicinal purpose in day-to-day life for curing diseases without any side effects. The craze of use of insects in medical treatments now-a-days increasing and also proved successful for curing many non curable disease and infections in human body. Many synthetic derivatives are also available in markets. This slide show contains insects and their products used for medical purpose.
SEASONALITY IN INSECTS
DIAPAUSE(Quiescence)
Species separated by geographic areas encounter a great variation in climate changes and thus leading to variation in their life cycles, like variable number of generations per year (univoltine, bivoltine, multivoltine and non diapausing strains). This phenomenon was first reported in Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR).
Diapause vs. Quiescence
Dormancy is a generic term for any state of naturally occurring ecological or evolutionary adaptations of arrested development, and usually accompanied with metabolic suppression. Diapause and quiescence form two different types of dormancies in insects. In general, insects commonly confront two types of major environmental stresses
Introduction, Techniques of release of natural enemies, Recovery evaluation of released natural enemies for colonization, Survivorship analysis/ Prediction of Success of released natural enemies for colonization, Conservation of Natural Enemies, Augmentation of Natural Enemies, Ecological manipulations for colonization of natural enemies and colonized natural enemies, Large scale production of bio-control agents.,
Biological control (from the ecological viewpoint) is, “the action of parasites, predators, or pathogens in maintaining another organism's population density at a lower average than would occur in their absence.”
This is PowerPoint Presentation published in Elsevier Journal.
Link here: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/book-companion/9780128498859/presentation
insect population estimation, nature of sampling , stage to be counted, collection methods , models used for sampling, methods of samples, sample size, nature of samples
Introduction, Techniques of release of natural enemies, Recovery evaluation of released natural enemies for colonization, Survivorship analysis/ Prediction of Success of released natural enemies for colonization, Conservation of Natural Enemies, Augmentation of Natural Enemies, Ecological manipulations for colonization of natural enemies and colonized natural enemies, Large scale production of bio-control agents.,
Biological control (from the ecological viewpoint) is, “the action of parasites, predators, or pathogens in maintaining another organism's population density at a lower average than would occur in their absence.”
This is PowerPoint Presentation published in Elsevier Journal.
Link here: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/book-companion/9780128498859/presentation
insect population estimation, nature of sampling , stage to be counted, collection methods , models used for sampling, methods of samples, sample size, nature of samples
Naturally occurring Bioindicators are used to assess the health of the environment and are also an important tool for detecting changes in the environment, either positive or negative, and their subsequent effects on human society.
This PPT contains all the information related to Environmental Forensics.
You can understand the concept explained in the PPT by watching the video:
https://youtu.be/Fyp0kgw2LWc
Don't forget to Like, Subscribe, Comment on YouTube and follow on Instagram - Abode
Follow Abode on Instagram @abdearth for more!
Earthworms for Safe and Useful Management of Solid Wastes and Wastewaters, Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Restoration of Soil Fertility, Promotion of Organic Farming and Mitigation of Global Warming
Earthworms for Safe and Useful Management of Solid Wastes and Wastewatersx3G9
Earthworms for Safe and Useful Management of Solid Wastes and Wastewaters, Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Restoration of Soil Fertility, Promotion of Organic Farming and Mitigation of Global Warming
On the topic of Bioremediation.
Environmental Biotechnology -
the development, use and regulation of
biological systems for remediation of
contaminated environments (land, air,
water), and for environment-friendly
processes.
Bioremediation - the use of
microorganisms to remedy
environmental problems
What do they all have in common?
The advent of the Industrial Revolution
increase in products and waste
people moved to the city
increase in human population
Regulations were passed:
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)
Must identify hazardous waste and establish standards for managing it properly
Requires companies that store, treat or dispose to have permits stating how the wastes are to be managed
Record of its travels: Chain of Custody
EPA initiates the Superfund Program (1980)
Counteract careless and negligent practices
Environmental Genome Project
Study and understand the impacts of environmental chemicals on human diseases
Waste
Solid: landfills, combustion-including waste-to energy plants, recovery
slurries, composting
Liquid: septic: sewage treatment, deep-well injection
Gas: fossil fuels, chlorofluorocarbons
Hazardous –anything that can explode, catch fire, release toxic fumes, and particles or cause corrosion
Thanks!!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
3. What is pollution ???????
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants (solid,
liquid, gas and even light) into natural environment
that cause adverse change in environment
These effects are like degradation of natural
resources and nature
Effects of pollution are slow and gradual but last long
3
9. What is an Indicator species???
A species whose presence, absence (or) abundance
reflects a specific environmental condition, habitat
(or) community. Indicator species may
Provide information on the overall health of an
ecosystem
When the species is present, it indicates the
presence of certain environmental parameters
9
10. Why use indicator species???
10
Indicator species can provide an early warning of
environmental changes
They can be used to assess the health of an environment
(or) ecosystem- they are often termed as “ Bio-indicators”
They can be a useful management tool
11. Characteristics of a good Bio-indicator
Abundance, wide distribution
Simple procedure of identification and sampling
High tolerance for the pollutants analyzed
Quick response towards the change in their environment
Taxonomically well documented and stable
Easy and cheap to survey
(Peck et al., 1998)
11
12. Pollution indicator groups of Insects
Dragonflies and Damselflies
Mayflies
Caddisflies
Stoneflies
Bugs
Beetles
12
15. Aquatic insects as Water Pollution Indicators
Insects which live completely (or) carry a major part of
their life cycle in water can tell directly about water
pollution
Larvae of Mosquitoes, Odonates and Neuropterans can
live only in fresh water. Absence of these larvae indicate
towards presence of Arsenic and Lead concentrations in
water
(Kaur et al., 2010)
Several aquatic insect groups can be used as aquatic
environment bioindicators, which are as follows:
15
16. Dragonflies and Damselflies
Dragonflies and damselflies are an important group
in biological water quality monitoring, as they are
particularly sensitive to pollution
16
17. Mayfly- Ephemeroptera
Mayfly larvae are recognized worldwide for their
sensitivity to oxygen depletion in running water and
are therefore commonly used as bioindicators in water
pollution
Mayfly larva are sensitive to dissolved oxygen levels
in water
17
18. Caddisflies
Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are the group of insects,
whose larvae occur in all types of fresh water
Particular species are sensitive to water pollution and
that’s why they are used as bioindicators of water
purity
18
20. Bugs- Hemiptera
Bugs of many families like Corixidae, Nepidae,
Notonectidae, Belestomatidae and Gerridae are also
acts as bio-indicator to determine the quality of water.
20
Water
boatman
Nepidae
Back
swimmer
Water
strider
Giant water bug
22. The tolerance of aquatic organisms to heavy metals
has been explained by the Metallothionins (MTs)
formation in many aquatic organisms
If the presence of MTs is a measure of metal tolerance,
the measurement of MTs could provide clues about the
tolerance in this organisms and possible toxic agents
responsible for environment stress
(Bisthoven et al., 1998)
Although species of the genus Halobates (Gerridae)
are suitable for bioindication of Cadmium & Mercury
(Nummelin et al., 2007)
22
28. Insects as Terrestrial Pollution indicator
Land insects are good bioindicators in various types of
environmental change
Traditionally soil invertebrates are used to indicate soil
fertility and pollutant level
Occurrence of excess acidic (or) alkaline content, fertilizers
(or) industrial waste kills larvae, grubs, nymphs and adults
of these insects
Polluted land areas are not fit for insects to lay eggs
Several insect groups can be used as terrestrial
environment bioindicator, which are as follows
28
29. Coleoptera
Beetles from order Coleoptera- Family Carabidae
are important predators
They participate in biological monitoring of
pollution from oil, sulfur, herbicides, Co2 , insecticides
and radioactive phosphorus
29
30. Collembola
Primitive insects that influence soil fertility through
microbial activity stimulation, the fungi spore distribution
& inhibit fungal and bacterial action causing diseases in
plants
They are very sensitive to changes in soil & diversity
reduction can show us pollution by heavy metals, pesticide
in agricultural soils and soil water acidification by organic
pollutants and wastes
(Rusek, 2000)
30
31. Ants
31
Ants are used as soil quality bioindicators and have a
key role in the recovery of degraded and reforested
areas and are very sensitive to human impact
Some ant groups have the potential as biological
indicators of soil conditions, crop management and
assessment systems for plantations in agro-ecosystem
(Peck et al., 1998)
32. Insects as Light Pollution indicators
Excess exposure to light disturbs the developmental cycle
of many insects. Their daily activity regime (or)
biological clock is negatively effected
(Eg)- Migration of Monarch butterflies disturbs due to
heavy flash lights at night time
32
34. Insects as Sound Pollution indicators
34
Decreases
(Kawahara, 2017)
Wolf spider
Leafhopper
35. Insect species affected by Sound Pollution
• Sounds are an important part of social insects life
history. Generally males produce advertisement calls
to attract females (or) to drive out competitive males
out of their territory
• Negative effect of vehicular horns, noise of moving
vehicles and other sources suppress the advertisement
call of male insects
35
36. Insects as bioindicators of Environmental Pollution
Groups Biomonitoring Reference
Bees
Trace metals,
radioactivity, pesticides,
herbicides and industrial
pollutants
Urbini et al., 2006
Ants
Pollutant concentration
at Australia Nummelin et al., 2007
Chironomidae
Iron and Manganese
concentration Servia et al., 1998
Wasp (Polistes) Lead pollution Urbini et al., 2006
36
37. Insects as Industrial Pollution indicators
• Pollutes the entire ecosystem
• Unprocessed industrial output, when enters ecosystem
leads to a phenomenon called “Biomagnification”
• Biomagnification- Accumulation of insecticides (or)
pesticides in an increased amount from one trophic
level to other trophic level
• Famous example- Industrial revolution (or) Industrial
melanism- Peppered moth/ British moth- Biston betularia
37
40. 40
Insects as Air pollution indicators
Air pollution blocks trachea/ spiracle openings of
insects
Orientation cues of insects to search host plant, mate or
ovipositional sites are damaged
Several inscet groups can be used as air pollution
indicators which are as follows :
41. Honeybee- Hymenoptera
The pollinator strength and its population size are
generally considered the most important features for
plant reproduction, especially to the agricultural crops
Pollinators, especially honeybees are considered as the
reliable biological indicators
(Ghini , 2004)
41
42. Recent news- Mass dying out of honeybee in United
states of America because of fertilizers has brought
honeybees to the list of endangered species
42
43. Lepidoptera- Moths & Butterflies
• The members of this group can be used as pollution
indicators via., heavy metals & carbon dioxide in localities
near the industrial and within urban areas
• Pupae of various species of Geometridae, Noctuidae and
Eriocraniidae are accountable for studying manifestation
and concerns of Copper, Iron, Nickel, Cadmium, Sulfuric
acid ions and other substances in fertilizers
43
44. Other bioindicator insect groups
• Termites- Increases soil infiltration capacity which leads to
water retention & soil productivity (Eggleton et al., 1994)
• Forest- Organic soil decomposition & incorporation
• In agricultural, pasture and reforestation areas they are
not always perceived because its nests are underground
and their presence is only noticed by the damage they
cause to the plants
44
45. Aphids are also pollutant indicators because they
show an increase in their population density when
feeding on hosts exposed to the environments with
high carbon dioxide concentrations
(Cannon, 1998)
45
46. 46
Case Study
“Assessment of river water quality using macro
invertebrate organisms as pollution indicators of
Thamirabarani River Basin, Tamilnadu, India”
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (2014)- Alwarkuruchi
47. 47
The main objective of this study was to assess the current
pollution status of the river Thamirabarani using benthic
macro-invertebrate organisms as pollution indicators, since
the river receives plenty of organic constituents all along the
flow by means of sewage, agricultural run-off, industrial
wastes discharges.
12 sampling points
• Pabanasam
• V. K. Puram
• Ambasamudram
• Thiruppudaimarudhur
• Mukkudal
• Cheranmahadevi
• Kurukkuthurai
• Kokkirakulam
• Vannarapettai
• Seevalaperi
• Srivaigundam
• Aattur
48. 48
List of observed macroinvertebrate organisms at various
locations of river Thamirabarani
1) Ephemeroptera
2) Plecoptera
3) Trichoptera
4) Diptera
5) Crustacea
6) Odonata
7) Hemiptera
8) Megaloptera ( Sialidae)
9) Coleoptera
49. 49
Result
Presence of higher order families like Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera,
Plecoptera in reference locations is almost absent in the stations like
(Kurukkuthurai and Kokkirakulam) which represent the higher pollutant
level and the organisms are more vulnerable to the pollutant stress whereas
their presence is recorded in (Vannarapettai and Aathur)
Conclusion
This study showed that by using macroinvertebrates in water quality
assessment provides positive and promising results because they show
noticeable sensitivity to environmental changes. Hence the study concludes
that the macroinvertebrate organisms were good biological indicators of
pollution
50. 50
CONCLUSION
• Essential for environmental monitoring
• Class Insecta has many potential representatives
that can be used as environmental bioindicators
• Some organisms are very sensitive to changes in
the environment and can be used to measure the
impact of human activities
“They might be small, but they are the dominant
species on the planet in terms of numbers. What
happens to them affects whole ecosystems”