Green Planet is a document about information resource management from Haramaya University. It discusses key topics like the definition of information, the difference between data and information, types and sources of information, information life cycle, and information resource management. It also covers information assets of an organization, information literacy, and education management information systems - including their purpose, components, functions, and challenges. The document provides an overview of important concepts relating to information management in educational contexts.

1. Green Planet
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Resource Management and Policy Analysis in Education (ELPS 724)
By: Muhammed Kedir Hiko
March, 2016
INFORMATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

2. Presentation outline
• Definition of Information
• Difference between Data and Information
• Importance and characteristics of Information
• Types and sources of Information
• Information Life Cycle
• Information Resource Management
– Concept, Importance, and Barriers
• Information Assets of an Organization
• Information Literacy
• Education Management Information System
– Definition, purposes, components, functions and challenges

3. Green Planet
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT
Management of Training and Development
(EdPM-3092)
By: Muhammed Kedir
EdPM3rd
Year2nd
SemesterCrs.
•Information is a change agent.•Information is a change agent.
Information is a
lifeblood of an
organization

4. 1. Definition of Information
Information
Processed data
Process of selecting data, summarizing it and presenting it in
such a way that it is useful to the recipient.
Results when some human mental activity (observation,
analysis) is successfully applied to data to reveal its meaning or
significance.
Processed data that can be accessed, generated and created,
transmitted, stored, sent, distributed, produced and consumed,
searched for, used, compressed and duplicated.

5. 2. Difference b/n Data &
Information
Data Information
Information
A.Meaningful data
B.Organized & structured facts
C.Knowledge, understanding, concepts
and things
D. Messages that is being conveyed
E.Useful and valuable
F.Considered as output/product of data
Data
A.Abstract or raw
B. Unorganized & unstructured facts
C.Symbols, characters, images and
numbers
D.Plain facts
E.Valueless alone
F.Considered as input or raw material in
some fields
But they are highly interrelated

6. 3. IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION
 Catalyst for change
 Improve decision making
 Enhance efficiency and effectiveness
 Allow organizations to gain competitive advantages
 Support all management functions
 Link individuals, groups and organizations
 Support creativity and innovation
 Supplement sustainable growth and development

7. A. Accurate: sufficient for use &
unbiased
B. Complete: detail enough as required
C. Cost-beneficial: benefit exceed costs
D. User-targeted: suit in format, style,
detail and complexity
E. Relevant: fit for purposes
F. Authoritative: from right source
G. Timely: on time for purposes
H. Easy to use: understandable
Characteristics of better information can be defined as an acronym ACCURATE.
4. Characteristics of Information

8. There are different types of Information based on
Characteristics How displayed
for users
User perceptions
A. Factual (facts) Vs
Analytical
(interpretation)
A. Instruction A. Enlightenment
B. Command B. Problem understanding
B. Objective (without
bias) Vs Subjective
(Opinions and views)
C. Advisory C. Instrumental
D. Answers D. Factual
C. Primary (original) Vs
Secondary
(Repackaged)
E. Historical E. Conformational
F. Predictive F. Projective
G. Motivational
H. Personal or political
5. Types of Information5. Types of Information

9. There are different sources of Information
Primary and Secondary Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary
Documentary and Non-
documentary
A. Primary sources
- Information from
person and
organization
Ex: patents, diaries, play,
art, music, policy and etc
A. Primary source
- First hand factual
information
Ex. Creative works
A. Documentary sources of
information
-Primary
- Secondary
- TertiaryB. Secondary source
- Interpreted source
Ex. Text book, journal
B. Non-documentary
sources information
•Includes research
organizations, societies,
industries, government
establishment
B. Secondary Sources
- Reviewed books,
articles and etc
C. Tertiary source
- Summary of
primary and
secondary
Ex. Encyclopedias
5. Sources of Information5. Sources of Information

10. 7. Information Life Cycle

11. 8. Information Resource Management (IRM)
8.1. Definitions of IRM
• is a managerial discipline which views information as a
resource equal to financial, physical, human, and natural
resources.
• the planning, budgeting, organizing, directing, training,
promoting, controlling, and management activities
associated with the burden, collection, creation, use, and
dissemination of information by agencies or
organizations.
• the conscious process by which information is gathered
and used to assist in decision making at all levels of the
organization

12. …………continued
8.2. Importance of IRM
– To control the in and out flow of information;
– To reduce operating costs;
– To improve efficiency and productivity;
– To assimilate new information management technologies;
– To ensure regulatory compliance;
– To minimize litigation risks;
– To safeguard vital information;
– To support better management decision making;
– To preserve the institutional memory and
– To foster professionalism in running the organizational
activities.

13. …………continued
Barriers to IRM
 Lack of well-defined IRM concepts
 Lack of IRM training/awareness
 Lack of ability to attract and retain skilled people
 Lack of a strategic management process
 Lack of management focus on IRM
 Lack of effective management of the system development life cycle
 Lack of accountability and incentives
 Lack of performance measures
 Lack of authority to implement IRM throughout an organization
 Lack of long-term budget
 Lack of agreement on objectives

14. 9. Information Assets of an Organization
• An information asset is a body of information resources,
defined and managed as a single unit so it can be
understood, shared, protected and exploited effectively.
• It have recognizable and manageable value, risk, content
and lifecycles.
9.1. Types of Information Asset
– Customer and competitor Information
– Product and process Information
– Management Information (HRM, FRM, MRM and others)
– Supplier Information
– Legal and regulatory information
– Institutional information

15. 9.2. Attributes of Information Asset
According to Repo (1986), the major attributes of information
assets are:.
– Information is human;
– Information is expandable;
– Information is compressible;
– Information is substitutable;
– Information is easily transportable;
– Information is diffusable and
– Information is shareable

16. 9.3. Techniques of Managing Information Assets
Skyrme (1999) outline the following points as techniques for
managing information as an asset to the organization:-
Understand the role of Information;
Assign responsibility for leading your IRM initiative;
Develop clear policies on information resources;
Conduct an information audit;
Link to management processes; and Systematic scanning;
Mix hard/soft, internal/external
Optimize your information purchases
Introduce mining and refining processes
Develop appropriate technological systems
Exploit technology convergence
Encourage a sharing culture

17. 10. Information Literacy
• It is the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, &use information.
• the abilities to: determine the extent of information needed;
– access the needed information effectively and efficiently;
– evaluate information and its sources critically;
– incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base;
– use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose; and
– understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding
the use of information,
– understand access and use information ethically and legally

18. 11. Education Management Information system
11.1. Definition of EMIS
 Education Management Information System
is an organized group of information and documentation services
that collects, stores, processes, analyzes and disseminates
information for educational planning and management.
is a system for the collection, integration, processing, maintenance
and dissemination of data and information to support decision
making, policy-analysis and formulation, planning, monitoring and
management at all levels of an education system.

19. 11.2. The purposes of EMIS
Some of the common purposes of EMIS are:
To improve capacities in data processing, storage, analysis and
supply of educational information
To co-ordinate and further improve dispersed efforts in the
acquisition, processing, storage, transmission, analysis,
repackaging, dissemination and use of educational information
To facilitate and promote the use of relevant information by
various agencies and individuals at all levels
To streamline the flow of information for decision-making by
reducing and eliminating duplications as well as filling
information gaps
To provide information for policy dialogue and scenarios for
development of the education system

20. 11.3. The Components of EMIS11.3. The Components of EMIS
Typical Education Management Information Systems comprise three
interrelated components:
– The organizational unit, people, networks, hardware and software
– A formalized and integrated operational process, procedure and
partnership arrangement between the key stakeholders
– A culture and environment that facilitates data-driven decision
making
• Important information expected to be considered in EMIS are:
– Demographic information; Socio-economics information; Literacy information
– Financial and budgetary information, School-related information
– Labor force and human resource information; Institutional information; Infrastructure
information
– Community information; Curriculum information; On-going programme information

21. 11.4. The changing functions of EMIS
Some of the reason for changing functions of EMIS
includes:
A. Changes in the nature and objectives of education
policy
B. Decentralization of education provision
C. The growth of private schools
D. Civil Society
E. The movement towards using qualitative data
F. Transition of young people onto the labor market
G. Need for information from other education sectors

22. 11.5. Design and Development Stages of the EMIS
There are about nine stages in the design and dev’t of EMIS
1. Definition of the national development goals; statement of mission
and objectives of the education system; and setting short and long-
range targets.
2. Policy decision for purposes of implementation and monitoring.
3. Identification of data needs and requirements.
4. Establishment of databases.
5. Design of monitoring/data gathering tools.
6. Data and information collection.
7. Data processing.
8. Data dissemination and report generation.
9. Evaluation of the output.

23. 11.6. Challenges Facing EMIS Deployment
• Some of the challenges facing deployment of EMIS are
– Lacks sustained funding and financing models
– Lack of political will and sustained support from decision makers.
– Lack of coordination and shared vision between various
stakeholders
– Inadequate clarity between the mandate of ministries of education
and statistical offices in collection, managing and dissemination of
EMIS data
– Difficulties in integrating data from multiple sources and multiple
years due to lack of harmonized and interoperable coding of key
educational variables

24. …………continued
– Absence or unreliable data on private education sector;
– Absence of tertiary, pre-primary and non-formal education data
and other data including data on finances and resources; and
– Lack of multiple data dissemination strategies.
– Limited capacity to utilize modern distributed web-based tools
and apply business intelligence tools to make sense out of the
data,
– Limited connectivity to the Internet and absence of broadband
networks at schools and district level, in particular in the
remote areas that have not been able to access to modern
communication networks.

25. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!