MIS is a system that provides the right information to the right person at the right time through an integrated system combining human and computer resources. It transforms data into reports to facilitate decision-making. MIS is necessary due to increased business complexity and helps managers make qualitative decisions. It provides accurate and timely information at lowest cost to support management activities. Contemporary MIS approaches include technical, behavioral, and socio-technical. Information is now a strategic resource and companies can gain competitive advantage by exploiting information to change industry structures, create new businesses, and develop new ways of doing things. MIS enables organizational change by facilitating flexibility to respond to changing markets, technology, customers and help accelerate work restructuring.

1. 1

2. What is a MIS
MIS is the system which makes available the right
information to the right person, at the right place at
the right time, in the right form and at the right cost.
MIS is set of organized procedures which when
executed provide information to support decision
making.
2

3. MIS
MIS is combination of human and computer
based resources which result in collection,
storage, retrieval, communication and use of data
for the purpose of efficient management of
operation and for business planning.
MIS can be divided into three parts
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
3

4. What is Management
Management is the process of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling the resources of an
organization in the effective and efficient pursuit of
specified organizational goals.
4

5. What is Information
Data that has been processed into a form that is
meaningful to the recipient.
Information refers to an input of data processing
which is organized and meaningful to the person who
receives it.
5

6. What is System.
A system is a set of interacting elements, interacting
with each other to achieve a predetermined objective
or goal.
Ex. Computer System.
6

7. Concept of MIS
Processing Logic
Computers
Human Being
Data Base
MIS
Data
Data
Intelligence Design Choice
Decision Implementation
Performance
Monitoring/Feedback
Decision
7

8. MIS is basically an integrated system which
transforms the data (inputs) into reports
(outputs) for facilitating decision making
through processing using various components
of the information system viz. H/W, S/W,
Database, Procedures and Personnel.
8

9. Need of MIS
 MIS has become necessary due to
increased business and management
complexity. These complexities
demands not only quantitative but
qualitative decision making . So that
we can say that :-
9

10. NEED OF MIS
1. MIS required to enable managers to take qualitative
decision and ensure success for their respective
Organization.
2. MIS enable decision maker to come out with
appropriate response to a business situation.
3. MIS enables decision maker to give either a re-active or
pro-active response.
4. As decision are futuristic MIS facilitates pro- active
decision making.
10

11. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF MIS
 Even though some of the objectives of MIS vary from one
organization to others. There are some common
objectives of MIS:-
1. To provide right type of accurate information at the
lowest cost and at the right time.
2. To ensure the managerial activities are provided adequate
information support.
3. To avoid information overload and to avoid generating
redundant information.
11

12. Contemporary Approaches to MIS
 The contemporary approaches to information
system development could be broadly categorized
into three Approaches.
1. Technical Approach
2. Behavioral Approach
3. Socio-Technical Approach
12

13. Technical Approach to MIS
This approach is centered around mathematical and
normative (evaluates solutions) models to study
information system.
It also heavily relies on the physical technology . As
Computer Science, Management Science and
Operation Research for Technical Approach.
13

14. Behavioral Approach to MIS
While information may heavily depend on technical
aspects the developer has to consider the behavioral
impact / response of people in the organization where
information system would be implemented.
The behavioral approach borrows heavily from
political Sc., psychology, sociology and organization
behavior among others.
14

15. Socio-Technical Approach to MIS
The socio-technical approach does not opt for purely
technical/or behavioral approach but it does attempt
to borrow heavily from both the approaches and
synthesize
So as to optimize the performance of the information
system as whole.
15

16. MIS
TECHNICAL APPROACHES
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
COMPUTER
SCIENCE
MANAGEMENT
SCIENCE
O. R
SOCIOLOGY
ECONOMICSPSYCHOLOGY
16

17. Information as strategic resources
Global competition has increased performance, standards in
many dimension covering the whole gamut (a complete
range) of cost, price, quality, technology and productivity.
Hence to survive, succeed and prosper in the present
competition environment, strategic competitiveness would
have to be earned by the corporate not only by meeting but
exceeding prevailing global standards.
17

18. Information as strategic resources
It is in the overall context that information has emerged as a
strategic resource. Hence in the present competitive
environment information/ knowledge has become a critical
organizational resource and is increasingly
considered/accepted as a valuable strategic resource.
Organization that accept challenge, shift their focus from
merely obtaining the information to exploiting the
information.
18

19. Information as strategic resources
 It is imperative for the organization to be able to raise and
answer question like:-
1. What business the organization should be in ?
2. What existing business activity should be undertaken ?
3. What new activity should be undertaken ?
4. What are the competitors doing and can do ?
5. What are the competitors capability ?
19

20. Use of Information for Competitive
Advantage
Competitive Advantage is about changing the balance of
power between a firm and its competitor industry in the
firm’s favor .
Information or Information technology are changing the
rules of the game and creating new paradigm shifts, giving
companies new ways to out-perform their rivals.
This in turn facilitates the organization gaining competitive
advantage.
20

21. Use of Information for Competitive
Advantage
 Changes in Industry structure:-
 The structure of an industry is embodied in four
competitive forces that collectively determine the
industry profitability :
1. The bargaining power of customers.
2. The bargaining power of Suppliers.
3. Threat of new entrants in the firm’s market.
4. Pressure from substitute product or services.
21

22. Use of Information for Competitive
Advantage
 Spawning of new business :-
 Information revolution are giving birth to
completely new industries in three distinct way:
1. Information technology revolution makes new
business technology feasible.
2. Information also spawn new business by creating
derived demand for new products.
3. Information technology help create/spawn business
within old ones.
22

23. Use of Information for Competitive
Advantage
New Ways of doing the things:-
Information and information technology facilitate
evolution/development of new ways of doing old
things differently.
This difference makes the difference and confers
competitive advantage on a firm.
23

24. MIS as an instrument for the
Organizational change
 Organization and change :-
 It can be said that in the new millennium
organizations will have to address or will have to
come to terms with six major external changes :-
1. A larger global market-place made smaller by
enhanced technologies and competition from abroad.
2. A world-wide recognition of the environment as an
influencing variable and government attempts to
draw back from environmental calamity.
(Contd……) 24

25. MIS as an instrument for the
Organizational change
3. Health consciousness among all groups throughout the
world.
4. Changes in the lifestyle trend affecting the way in which
people view work , purchases, leisure time and society.
5. The changing workplace and need for non traditional
employees.
6. The knowledge asset of the organization, its people,
becoming increasingly crucial to its competitive well-being
thanks to I.T.
25

26. MIS as an instrument for the
Organizational change
In view of these turbulence, and the
changing dynamics, it is believed that
successful organizations of the future will
be those who are sufficiently flexible to
respond to the constantly changing
demands due to rapidly evolving
technology, dynamic markets, increasingly
sophisticated customers and competitors .
26

27. MIS as an instrument for the
Organizational change
MIS and Organizational Change :-
IT/MIS will have a significant effect on the internal
appearance of organizations of the future. It will lead
to reduce hierarchy as fewer manager would be
required to act as conduits of information.
The Organizations would not be functioning based on
Cornered Information but would have shared
Information.
MIS would accelerate restructuring of work flows.
27