In order to study the effect of foliar spraying of growth regulators on growth,seed yield and seed quality, two field experiments were conducted at an extensive field during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to determine following foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations, i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations, i.e. 0, 15, 30 and 45 ppm after 35 and 50 days from sown. Accumulative NAA levelsof to 60 ppm significantly increased total chlorophyll, plant height (cm),branches number/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding %, pods and seeds number/plant,seedsnumber/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % in both seasons.Naphthalene Acetic Acid foliar spraying up to 60 ppm exceeded of total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding flowers, podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant, seed yield (g) /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % by 11.47, 23.92, 92.88, 20.53, 11.87, 23.48, 14.16, 24.91, 26.15 and 13.23%, respectively as the average of both seasons. But, reduced the shedding percentage by 11.91% as the average oftwo seasons. Kinetin (Kin) foliar spraying up to 45 ppm significantly increased total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding %, pods and seeds number/plant,number of seeds/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % in both seasons. It could be noticed that foliar spraying of Kinetin (Kin) concentrationsup to 45 ppm exceeded total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding flowers, podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant, seed yield /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % by 12.16, 19.39, 61.64, 5.60, 5.56, 6.96, 5.64, 18.75, 13.38 and 4.39%, respectively as average of both seasons. But, reduced the shedding % by 14.73 % as the average of both seasons.It could be recommended that foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid up to 60 ppm and Kin of 45 ppm improved seed yield/ha by 38.2% compared without foliar application.
Fruit crops like mango, citrus, avocado, litchi, temperate fruits, nuts, etc. suffer from the severe problem of irregular bearing or cropping periodicity as well as staggered or erratic flowering behaviour, leading to considerable loss of their production potential. Some of the fruit crops are worst sufferers of cropping periodicity. In fruit crops production serious problems is biennial bearing or irregular bearing leading to considerable loss of their production potentials. Alternate bearing tree (or branch) is one that does not bear a regular crop year after year; rather, heavy yields are followed by extremely light ones and vice-versa, While Flower initiation is very important because it is the first step towards attaining fruit. Biennial cycle is very usual, so that an “on-year” (large yields) is followed by an “off-year” (little or no yield). Alternate bearing means "a condition at which high or optimum fruit production in on year and certain year bear little or no fruit (off year), but growth regulators such as paclobutrazol reported to be effective on inducing flowering off year.
Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in the market.
Plant height, flowering, yield and quality including alternate bearing can be overcome by various horticultural practices like pruning, thinning of fruits, use of chemicals like Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of Paclobutrazol is commonly practiced by the horticultural growers.
Effect of crop establishment/irrigation techniques and nitrogen levels on gro...Innspub Net
A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011, under three replications. One row in Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed/ every furrow irrigation increased plant height by 7.94 %, stem girth by 46.47 per cent, and dry matter at maturity by 23.69 % over conventional sowing/ conventional irrigation. Similarly, number of leaves increased by 19.26 and 24.65 % leaf area by 25.83 and 26.65 %, over conventional practice at 60 and 90 days after sowing, respectively. Besides, it resulted 1.91 and 1.82 % higher total chlorophyll over conventional practice at 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively and increased grain by 60.72 %, biological 42.44 % and stover yield by 30.2 % over conventional practice and also resulted 3.43 higher starch and 12.05 % protein content over conventional practice. One row in FIRB/ every furrow irrigation, had 62.1, 51.5 and 42.9 % higher uptake for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional practice of crop establishment, respectively. Get more articles: http://goo.gl/FAvGnB
Weed control is an important agronomic practice that improves growth and maximizes yield in maize. An experiment was carried out to investigate the ‘effect of different weed control methods on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the western highlands of Cameroon. The work was carried out during the 2017/2018 main cropping season from the 14th of March to the 14th of July at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui experimental field. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The experiment comprised of seven treatments: weedy check or control (T1), constant hand hoeing (T2), delay hand hoeing (T3), pre-emergence herbicide application of Atrazine 90 DF ( 0.9 kg ha-1) (T4), post-emergence herbicide application of Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T5), pre- herbicide application of Atrazine 90 DF ( 0.9 kg ha-1) + Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T6) and delay post-emergence herbicide application of Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T7). The white maize variety CHC 201 (“KASAI”) was used during the experiment and sown in plot sizes of 4 m x 5 m with a planting density of 80cm by 50cm with 2 plants per station with the aim of achieving a plant population of 50,000 plants ha-1. All agronomic practices were followed from planting to harvesting. The data recorded were plant height, number of green leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth, days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of gain rows per ear, number of gains per ear, 1000 grain weight and grain yield.. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of STATGRAPHICS Plus 5.0 Software and ANOVA was run to find the differences between the various treatments. The highest 1000 grain weight (314.13g) came from the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application treatment and did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the constant hand hoeing treatment (307.83g). The lowest 1000 grain weight (234.67g) was seen in the weedy check treatment. The constant hand hoeing had the highest grain yield (6.27 ton ha-1) and this did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application treatment (6.07 ton ha-1). The lowest grain yield (3.18 ton ha-1) was seen in the weedy check treatment. From the study, the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application may be recommended for increasing maize yield particularly in the case of high scale production.
Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and...Innspub Net
The tomato is the one of the most famous crops in Pakistan. It is used and consumed as fresh as well as in processed form. Its botanical name is Solanum lycopersicon Mill. The proposed study had been conducted in the year 2017-2018 in order to find the best combination of water soluble NPK fertilizers as compared to control. Five different types of water soluble fertilizers were collected from different sources and were applied at 5% concentration during the entire growing period of the tomato crop. The experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications of each. Different vegetative, reproductive and bio-chemical parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically at 5% level of significance. The treatments were compared using LSD test. It was concluded that different NPK water soluble fertilizers showed variation in physical and bio chemical parameters in tomato plants as compared to control. The plants showed variation in plant height, No. of fruit per plant, fruit yield per hectare, Individual fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, No. of diseased fruit per plant, date of first harvest, Fruit color Fruit length (cm), fruit size (cm), fruit firmness, total NPK contents, vitamincmg Chlorophyll concentration, pH, (TSS), Electricity conductivity (EC) and Titratable acidity Among all the water soluble treatments, the T3 treatment (WSF 20:20:20) yielded the comparatively better results as compared to other WSF treatments. So it was concluded that T3 was the recommended water soluble fertilizer for tomato.
Glyphosate resistance trait into soybean Cuban varieties: agronomical assessm...Innspub Net
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean was one of the first major applications of genetic engineering in field crops and offered farmers a vital tool in fighting weeds. Weeds are a problem for soybean production in Cuba, so our work aim was the GTS 40-3-2 event introgression into Cuban varieties. Two local cultivars were crossed with transgenic genotypes that carry the event. From F1 to F3 generations, individual plants that produced more than 60 g of seeds per plant were chosen to obtain next generation. Individual lines were selected from F4 generation. F5 and F6 generations of five selected transgenic lines and their relatives were chosen to evaluate seven
agronomic traits throughout the summers of 2012 and 2013. A Random Block experimental design was done. First flowering (R1) and maturity (R8) stages of all genotypes were affected by planting date. Plant height of I1B2- 3, I1B4, I36B4 and RP5 lines ranged from 80 to 111 cm. I1B2-2 and I1B2-3 lines would be suitable for mechanized harvesting because they had the insertion of the first pod at 14.63 cm and 13.93 cm respectively. I36B4 line produced the greatest number of pods per plant (127). Transgenic lines produced more than 180 seeds per plant and 100-seed weight ranged from 13.75 g to 17.46 g. Seed yield per plant of transgenic lines and their parents IncaSoy36, CEB2 and CEB4 weren’t statistically different. These results could be a start point for other studies
involving larger areas, different planting dates and localities. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Perrenial Fruit Treesdarshan kadam
1) The document discusses carbon sequestration potential of fruit orchards. It presents two case studies on peach and apple orchards that measured carbon stocks, fluxes, and net ecosystem carbon balance under different management practices.
2) The first case study found that sustainable management practices like no tillage and compost application increased soil carbon stocks and resulted in the peach orchard being a stronger carbon sink.
3) The second case study observed that an intensively managed organic apple orchard acted as a carbon sink, with carbon accumulation in woody portions contributing most to the net ecosystem carbon balance.
Fruit crops like mango, citrus, avocado, litchi, temperate fruits, nuts, etc. suffer from the severe problem of irregular bearing or cropping periodicity as well as staggered or erratic flowering behaviour, leading to considerable loss of their production potential. Some of the fruit crops are worst sufferers of cropping periodicity. In fruit crops production serious problems is biennial bearing or irregular bearing leading to considerable loss of their production potentials. Alternate bearing tree (or branch) is one that does not bear a regular crop year after year; rather, heavy yields are followed by extremely light ones and vice-versa, While Flower initiation is very important because it is the first step towards attaining fruit. Biennial cycle is very usual, so that an “on-year” (large yields) is followed by an “off-year” (little or no yield). Alternate bearing means "a condition at which high or optimum fruit production in on year and certain year bear little or no fruit (off year), but growth regulators such as paclobutrazol reported to be effective on inducing flowering off year.
Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in the market.
Plant height, flowering, yield and quality including alternate bearing can be overcome by various horticultural practices like pruning, thinning of fruits, use of chemicals like Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of Paclobutrazol is commonly practiced by the horticultural growers.
Effect of crop establishment/irrigation techniques and nitrogen levels on gro...Innspub Net
A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011, under three replications. One row in Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed/ every furrow irrigation increased plant height by 7.94 %, stem girth by 46.47 per cent, and dry matter at maturity by 23.69 % over conventional sowing/ conventional irrigation. Similarly, number of leaves increased by 19.26 and 24.65 % leaf area by 25.83 and 26.65 %, over conventional practice at 60 and 90 days after sowing, respectively. Besides, it resulted 1.91 and 1.82 % higher total chlorophyll over conventional practice at 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively and increased grain by 60.72 %, biological 42.44 % and stover yield by 30.2 % over conventional practice and also resulted 3.43 higher starch and 12.05 % protein content over conventional practice. One row in FIRB/ every furrow irrigation, had 62.1, 51.5 and 42.9 % higher uptake for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional practice of crop establishment, respectively. Get more articles: http://goo.gl/FAvGnB
Weed control is an important agronomic practice that improves growth and maximizes yield in maize. An experiment was carried out to investigate the ‘effect of different weed control methods on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the western highlands of Cameroon. The work was carried out during the 2017/2018 main cropping season from the 14th of March to the 14th of July at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui experimental field. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The experiment comprised of seven treatments: weedy check or control (T1), constant hand hoeing (T2), delay hand hoeing (T3), pre-emergence herbicide application of Atrazine 90 DF ( 0.9 kg ha-1) (T4), post-emergence herbicide application of Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T5), pre- herbicide application of Atrazine 90 DF ( 0.9 kg ha-1) + Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T6) and delay post-emergence herbicide application of Ultramais 100 SC (1.9 litre ha-1) (T7). The white maize variety CHC 201 (“KASAI”) was used during the experiment and sown in plot sizes of 4 m x 5 m with a planting density of 80cm by 50cm with 2 plants per station with the aim of achieving a plant population of 50,000 plants ha-1. All agronomic practices were followed from planting to harvesting. The data recorded were plant height, number of green leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth, days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of gain rows per ear, number of gains per ear, 1000 grain weight and grain yield.. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of STATGRAPHICS Plus 5.0 Software and ANOVA was run to find the differences between the various treatments. The highest 1000 grain weight (314.13g) came from the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application treatment and did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the constant hand hoeing treatment (307.83g). The lowest 1000 grain weight (234.67g) was seen in the weedy check treatment. The constant hand hoeing had the highest grain yield (6.27 ton ha-1) and this did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application treatment (6.07 ton ha-1). The lowest grain yield (3.18 ton ha-1) was seen in the weedy check treatment. From the study, the pre-emergence plus post-emergence herbicide application may be recommended for increasing maize yield particularly in the case of high scale production.
Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and...Innspub Net
The tomato is the one of the most famous crops in Pakistan. It is used and consumed as fresh as well as in processed form. Its botanical name is Solanum lycopersicon Mill. The proposed study had been conducted in the year 2017-2018 in order to find the best combination of water soluble NPK fertilizers as compared to control. Five different types of water soluble fertilizers were collected from different sources and were applied at 5% concentration during the entire growing period of the tomato crop. The experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications of each. Different vegetative, reproductive and bio-chemical parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically at 5% level of significance. The treatments were compared using LSD test. It was concluded that different NPK water soluble fertilizers showed variation in physical and bio chemical parameters in tomato plants as compared to control. The plants showed variation in plant height, No. of fruit per plant, fruit yield per hectare, Individual fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, No. of diseased fruit per plant, date of first harvest, Fruit color Fruit length (cm), fruit size (cm), fruit firmness, total NPK contents, vitamincmg Chlorophyll concentration, pH, (TSS), Electricity conductivity (EC) and Titratable acidity Among all the water soluble treatments, the T3 treatment (WSF 20:20:20) yielded the comparatively better results as compared to other WSF treatments. So it was concluded that T3 was the recommended water soluble fertilizer for tomato.
Glyphosate resistance trait into soybean Cuban varieties: agronomical assessm...Innspub Net
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean was one of the first major applications of genetic engineering in field crops and offered farmers a vital tool in fighting weeds. Weeds are a problem for soybean production in Cuba, so our work aim was the GTS 40-3-2 event introgression into Cuban varieties. Two local cultivars were crossed with transgenic genotypes that carry the event. From F1 to F3 generations, individual plants that produced more than 60 g of seeds per plant were chosen to obtain next generation. Individual lines were selected from F4 generation. F5 and F6 generations of five selected transgenic lines and their relatives were chosen to evaluate seven
agronomic traits throughout the summers of 2012 and 2013. A Random Block experimental design was done. First flowering (R1) and maturity (R8) stages of all genotypes were affected by planting date. Plant height of I1B2- 3, I1B4, I36B4 and RP5 lines ranged from 80 to 111 cm. I1B2-2 and I1B2-3 lines would be suitable for mechanized harvesting because they had the insertion of the first pod at 14.63 cm and 13.93 cm respectively. I36B4 line produced the greatest number of pods per plant (127). Transgenic lines produced more than 180 seeds per plant and 100-seed weight ranged from 13.75 g to 17.46 g. Seed yield per plant of transgenic lines and their parents IncaSoy36, CEB2 and CEB4 weren’t statistically different. These results could be a start point for other studies
involving larger areas, different planting dates and localities. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Perrenial Fruit Treesdarshan kadam
1) The document discusses carbon sequestration potential of fruit orchards. It presents two case studies on peach and apple orchards that measured carbon stocks, fluxes, and net ecosystem carbon balance under different management practices.
2) The first case study found that sustainable management practices like no tillage and compost application increased soil carbon stocks and resulted in the peach orchard being a stronger carbon sink.
3) The second case study observed that an intensively managed organic apple orchard acted as a carbon sink, with carbon accumulation in woody portions contributing most to the net ecosystem carbon balance.
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Rockwool and coco coir performed the best as growing substrates for lettuce in a hydroponic system. Plants grown in coco coir had the tallest height and longest roots, while rockwool produced the most leaves and heaviest fresh biomass. All substrates maintained a similar alkaline pH in the water. While rockwool performed best, coco coir is a suitable alternative growing substrate that does not significantly differ from rockwool for hydroponically grown lettuce.
Production and economics of cluster bean and pearl millet intercropping syste...Dr. Mahesh Ghuge
All the growth parameters(plant height and tillers/ row
length) and yield attributes of clusterbean and pearlmillet (number of pods/plant, pod
length, no. of seed/pod, test weight, plant height, effective tillers/row length, ear head
length and ear head girth of pearlmillet) were significantly influenced by intercropping
systems. The yield attributes and yields of pearlmillet increased by legumes effect in
intercropping system as compared to sole stand of pearlmillet. However, intercropped
stand of clusterbean recorded its lower productivity (2853 kg ha1
) when compared to
its sole stand (5145 kg ha1
), but intercropping system recorded statistically similar to
clusterbean equivalent yield as compared to sole stand. Significantly improvement in
all the yield attribute characters and yield under weed management practices with the
application of pendimethalin 1.5 kg ha1
as pre emergence + one hand weeding at 25
DAS, followed by two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS over the other weed
management practices in arid and semi arid conditions.
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Generation and proliferation rate assessment of saba banana (Musa balbisiana)...Innspub Net
The main production constraint of banana is the availability of disease-free and healthy planting materials. Tissue culture is a technique that could provide these materials, but it requires high cost and technical expertise. Macropropagation offers simpler and more affordable processes that could enhance seedling production. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation levels and growth enhancers on macropropagation of saba banana under glasshouse conditions using factorial in completely randomized design. Factor A consisted of irrigation levels: A1=50%RR, A2=100% RR and A3=150%RR. Different growth enhancers were used for Factor B: B0=Control, B1=Coconut water, B2=Seaweed extract and B3=Benzyl Amino Purine. Results clearly suggests the advantage of using plant growth enhancers and appropriate irrigation level for macropropagation of banana. The irrigation level of 50% of recommended rate or 4liters/day plus the application of BAP (2mg/l) or the plant growth enhancers may be recommended for obtaining maximum growth, more plantlets produced and irrigation water efficiency of banana. It could not only save water for plants but also accelerate the growth and production of banana.
Direct and Indirect Contributions of Yield Attributes to the Kernel Yield of ...IJRES Journal
Field trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna ecology of Nigeria to assess the reaction of 36 groundnut genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The research field was naturally infested with Alectra. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The path coefficient analysis of the yield attributes showed that number of pods plant-1 exhibited the highest percentage yield contribution of 41.46% to kernel yield. This was followed by 100 kernel weight which contributed 13.80%. The highest combined contribution of 6.23% came from 100 kernel weight and haulm yield. The residual contribution was 23, 24%.
Advances in use of plant bio-regulators for fruit production-includes new gen...Panchaal Bhattacharjee
1. The document discusses a seminar presentation on advances in the use of plant bio-regulators (PBRs) for fruit production. It begins with an introduction to PBRs, their classification, mechanisms of action, and physiological effects.
2. The document then presents case studies on the effects of a brassinosteroid analogue on passion fruit yield, and the effects of brassinosteroids, gibberellins, and kinetin on almond pollen germination, tube growth, and fruit set. Both studies showed PBRs increased yields by improving various fruit growth and development parameters.
3. In conclusion, the studies demonstrated that judicious application of PBRs can help overcome
Purple firespike has potential as a new flowering potted plant but grows too tall without height control. This study evaluated methods for controlling the height of purple firespike, including pinching, number of cuttings per pot, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Pinching reduced plant height the most when using one cutting per pot with two pinches. The most branches were produced with two pinches and three cuttings per pot. When testing PGRs, uniconazole and paclobutrazol root drenches were most effective at reducing height, with paclobutrazol at 10-15 ppm producing attractive plants while controlling height.
Scope of organic and natural farming of vegetable crops under protected condi...MANISH CHAUHAN
Organic farming is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems, and people.
It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
IRJET - Vermicomposting with Cow Dung Banana Plant and Vegetable WastesIRJET Journal
This document discusses vermicomposting of organic wastes like cow dung, banana plant stems, and vegetable wastes using the earthworm Eisenia Fetida. It examines mixing these wastes in different ratios and finding that a ratio of cow dung, banana plant stem, and vegetable waste of 3:1:1 produced high-quality vermicompost rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium within 55-60 days. The document also outlines the materials and methods used, including collecting and partially decomposing the wastes for 40 days before mixing and feeding to the earthworms. Maintaining moisture levels between 30-40% and a temperature of 18-25°C was important for effective
Evaluation of herbicides and their combinations for weed control in wheat (Tr...IJEABJ
The field experiment was conducted at the Student’s Research Farm, P.G. Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, to study the evaluation of various herbicides and their combinations on wheat during 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments such as weed free, weedy check, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + clodinofop 400 g/ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + sulfosulfuron 32.5g/ha , pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + pinoxaden 1000 ml/ ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + atlantis 400g/ha and replicated thrice. Results revealed that pendimethalin 2.5 L/ha + atlantis 400g/ha was found effective to control weed population and produced higher number of grains per ear and enhanced grain yield upto 62.3 per cent over weedy check.
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on research related to grafting of vegetable crops. The presentation covered the definition and purpose of grafting, the history of vegetable grafting, common grafting methods, and research examining the effects of grafting on various vegetable crops such as watermelon, cucumber, tomato, brinjal, chilli, and okra. Specific rootstocks were highlighted for their ability to improve yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for different vegetable crops.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
Influence of phosphorous acid application on the accumulation of total phenol...Innspub Net
One mechanism used by coconut plant to protect itself against Phytophthorakatsurae is linked to total
polyphenols production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of phosphorous acid plant treatment on the
production of total polyphenols in coconuthusk, as part of chemical control.The study was conducted on two
coconuts cultivars (EGD and PB 121+) with four doses of phosphorous acid [Control, 2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), 11.2 g
(TC)]. At each sampling, the husks were processed and extracts were prepared for total polyphenols assays. There
was significant difference between EGD and PB 121+ total polyphenols production (p<0.001).The interaction
between coconut variety and phosphorous acid doses was also significant.The interaction EGD and TC had the
highest total polyphenols accumulation of 4838.5 µg/g of fresh weight (FW). For PB121+, the highest total polyphenols accumulation of 6433.71 µg/g FW was obtained from the interaction between PB121+ and T0. From this observation, it could be statedthat phosphorous acid only triggers the treated plantdefense mechanisms to produce total phenolic compounds when attacked by a pathogen. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Influence of water stress and rhizobial inoculation on growth and yield of se...Innspub Net
Two season’s field experiment and single season screen house experiment were conducted to assess the effect of water stress periods and rhizobial inoculation in five P. vulgaris cultivars. The experiment consisted of two levels of rhizobia (with and without inoculation), two stress levels (with and without water stress) and five cultivars of P. vulgaris (KAT B9, KAT B1, F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought line and JESCA). Results showed that rhizobial inoculation significantly increased plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) at vegetative and flowering in field experiment. Furthermore, water stress treatments significantly reduced plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) in both growth stages at field experiment. For screen house experiment rhizobial inoculation significantly increased leaf area (cm2), number of leaves, stem girth (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) at both growth stages. Additionally, water stress treatments significantly reduced number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) in both growth stages. Varieties F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought Line and JESCA had significantly superior measurements reflected in increased plant height (cm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) as compared with KAT B9 and KAT B1. Furthermore, significant interactive effects were also seen between rhizobial inoculation x stress level and tested bean cultivars on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry weight and seed yields.
TRIGROW – IS A REVOLUTIONARY HIGH TECH NANO ORGANIC FERTILIZER THAT ENHANCE CROP PRODUCTION. IT HELPS CREATE A HABITAT FOR MICROORGANISMS WHEN APPLIED TO THE SOIL ACCELARATING THE REJUVENATION PROCESS RESULTING TO ACCELERATED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS. THIS FERTILIZER HELPS RELEASE THE LOCKED UP NUTRIENTS FROM THE SOIL FOR READY USE AND UTILIZATION OF THE PLANTS.
BECAUSE HABITAT WAS CREATED, MICROORGANISMS CLUSTER AROUND THE ROOT SYSTEM AND SYMBIOTICALLY HELP CONVERT SOIL NUTRIENTS. IT ALSO INDUCES GIBERILLIN PRODUCTION AMONG THE PLANTS GIVING THEM PROTECTION FROM THE PEST AND DIESEASES INFESTATION RESULTING FROM HARMFUL CONDITIONS OF THE SOIL.
Effect of spawned and simple casing on the biological efficiency of pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous was observed. The results exhibit that spawned casing not only takes lesser time for case run but also produces early primordial development. A positive response on mushroom biomass is also noticed in this technique.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Nodulation, Growth and Yield Response of Five Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Wa...Premier Publishers
The experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The experimental layout was a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial combination with 3 replications given a total of 90 treatments. Seeds of five cowpea varieties namely: IT98K-205-8, Ife Brown, Oloyin Brown, IT98K-573-2-1 and IT96D-610 were sown in Plastic buckets of 7-liter capacity and were perforated at the bottom to allow for drainage and filled with top soil. Watering regimes of (500ml, 700ml and 900ml) were imposed and water was applied twice a week while cowpea plants were inoculated with 5g each of Rhizobia strain (Mesorhizobia loti) at seedling stage. Control set was maintained without inoculation. The effect of watering regimes on legume species was significant on nodulation, growth and yield characters of cowpea varieties evaluated. The results revealed marked varietal differences in plant growth, nodulation, yield and yield components. IT98K-573-2-1 and Oloyin Brown generally expressed superior performance in most measured parameters. Mesorhizobia inoculation significantly (p≤0.05) increased plant growth, nodulation, yield and yield components of cowpea. The interaction effect of variety, Mesorhizobia loti and watering regimes caused significant variations in the number of nodules, leaf area, number of seeds/pod and seed yield. The nitrogen and crude protein content in the leaf differed among the cowpea varieties evaluated. Application of mesorhizobium strain significantly increased seed yield of cowpea and caused substantial increase in nodulation and this subsequently affected the Nitrogen fixation potential of cowpea under varying soil moisture regimes.
— Labisia pumila or commonly known as kacip fatimah is one of the popular medicinal plant in Malaysia. The constituents of this plant have been reported to possess anti cancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. The growth and production of L. pumila is greatly influenced by the environmental condition such as shade, humidity and growing media. In this study, the survivality of L. pumila var. alata (KFeFRIM01) plantlets derived from tissue culture technique using temporary immersion system were analyzed during pre and post acclimatization process. The plantlets were pre acclimatize in different potting media namely 100% sand and 100% jiffy and grown in plastic growth chamber with different percentage of shade (0%, 50% and 70%). After a month, the plants were transferred to the nursery for post acclimatization. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the survivality of plants placed under different percentage of shade (70% and 50%), suitable growing media and watering requirement per day. The growth of the plants such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width were recorded during the acclimatization process. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the survivality and growth of this plant during the acclimatization process. KFeFRIM01 was found to grow better in 0% shade compared to 50% shade and 70% shade. However, there were no significant difference recorded in the usage of two potting medium (100% sand and 100% jiffy) on the growth of KFeFRIM01 during pre acclimatization process. While in post acclimatization, KFeFRIM01 placed under 50% shade produce better growth in term of leaves number (8.44a ± 0.20), leaf length (6.13a ± 0.14) and leaf width (3.17a ± 0.06) compared to 70% shade. KFeFRIM01 plants planted in treatment 1-top soil: leaf compost: sand (2:3:1) gave the highest growth performance in all parameter measured. Whereas, KFeFRIM01 plants that watered twice per day (9AM & 4PM) have greater plant height (8.83a ± 0.34) and leaves number (7.53a ± 0.39) compared to plants watered once per day. The findings from this study are essential for mass production of L. pumila using tissue culture technology in future as a successful protocol for acclimatization of this plants obtained.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. Sandalwoodijtsrd
An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed for Santalum album L. Santalaceae , an economically important species. Plant regeneration was achieved using nodal explants and leaf disc on Murashige and Skoog MS medium for direct shoot regeneration. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators PGR like 6 Benzyl Adenine BA , Kinetin KN and 2 Isopentenyl adenine 2 iP on shoot initiation 2 Isopentenyl adenine and Gibberellic acid GA3 for shoot elongation and multiple shoot formation and Indole 3 Butyric Acid IBA and a Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA for rooting was studied. Among the explants tested for shoot induction, nodal segments proved good results. The best treatment for obtaining shoot induction was 3.0mg L BAP and for rooting 1 mg L of IBA was found to be the best treatment combination for maximum sprouting of shoot and rooting. After six the rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 20 of plantlets survived and resumed growth in the mixture of soil, vermiculite and sand 1 1 1 . S. Aghi Zion Inbakani | S. Sathishkumar | Bakan Jagdish Sudhakar "Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. (Sandalwood)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43698.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/43698/micropropagation-of-santalum-album-l-sandalwood/s-aghi-zion-inbakani
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Rockwool and coco coir performed the best as growing substrates for lettuce in a hydroponic system. Plants grown in coco coir had the tallest height and longest roots, while rockwool produced the most leaves and heaviest fresh biomass. All substrates maintained a similar alkaline pH in the water. While rockwool performed best, coco coir is a suitable alternative growing substrate that does not significantly differ from rockwool for hydroponically grown lettuce.
Production and economics of cluster bean and pearl millet intercropping syste...Dr. Mahesh Ghuge
All the growth parameters(plant height and tillers/ row
length) and yield attributes of clusterbean and pearlmillet (number of pods/plant, pod
length, no. of seed/pod, test weight, plant height, effective tillers/row length, ear head
length and ear head girth of pearlmillet) were significantly influenced by intercropping
systems. The yield attributes and yields of pearlmillet increased by legumes effect in
intercropping system as compared to sole stand of pearlmillet. However, intercropped
stand of clusterbean recorded its lower productivity (2853 kg ha1
) when compared to
its sole stand (5145 kg ha1
), but intercropping system recorded statistically similar to
clusterbean equivalent yield as compared to sole stand. Significantly improvement in
all the yield attribute characters and yield under weed management practices with the
application of pendimethalin 1.5 kg ha1
as pre emergence + one hand weeding at 25
DAS, followed by two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS over the other weed
management practices in arid and semi arid conditions.
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Generation and proliferation rate assessment of saba banana (Musa balbisiana)...Innspub Net
The main production constraint of banana is the availability of disease-free and healthy planting materials. Tissue culture is a technique that could provide these materials, but it requires high cost and technical expertise. Macropropagation offers simpler and more affordable processes that could enhance seedling production. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation levels and growth enhancers on macropropagation of saba banana under glasshouse conditions using factorial in completely randomized design. Factor A consisted of irrigation levels: A1=50%RR, A2=100% RR and A3=150%RR. Different growth enhancers were used for Factor B: B0=Control, B1=Coconut water, B2=Seaweed extract and B3=Benzyl Amino Purine. Results clearly suggests the advantage of using plant growth enhancers and appropriate irrigation level for macropropagation of banana. The irrigation level of 50% of recommended rate or 4liters/day plus the application of BAP (2mg/l) or the plant growth enhancers may be recommended for obtaining maximum growth, more plantlets produced and irrigation water efficiency of banana. It could not only save water for plants but also accelerate the growth and production of banana.
Direct and Indirect Contributions of Yield Attributes to the Kernel Yield of ...IJRES Journal
Field trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna ecology of Nigeria to assess the reaction of 36 groundnut genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The research field was naturally infested with Alectra. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The path coefficient analysis of the yield attributes showed that number of pods plant-1 exhibited the highest percentage yield contribution of 41.46% to kernel yield. This was followed by 100 kernel weight which contributed 13.80%. The highest combined contribution of 6.23% came from 100 kernel weight and haulm yield. The residual contribution was 23, 24%.
Advances in use of plant bio-regulators for fruit production-includes new gen...Panchaal Bhattacharjee
1. The document discusses a seminar presentation on advances in the use of plant bio-regulators (PBRs) for fruit production. It begins with an introduction to PBRs, their classification, mechanisms of action, and physiological effects.
2. The document then presents case studies on the effects of a brassinosteroid analogue on passion fruit yield, and the effects of brassinosteroids, gibberellins, and kinetin on almond pollen germination, tube growth, and fruit set. Both studies showed PBRs increased yields by improving various fruit growth and development parameters.
3. In conclusion, the studies demonstrated that judicious application of PBRs can help overcome
Purple firespike has potential as a new flowering potted plant but grows too tall without height control. This study evaluated methods for controlling the height of purple firespike, including pinching, number of cuttings per pot, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Pinching reduced plant height the most when using one cutting per pot with two pinches. The most branches were produced with two pinches and three cuttings per pot. When testing PGRs, uniconazole and paclobutrazol root drenches were most effective at reducing height, with paclobutrazol at 10-15 ppm producing attractive plants while controlling height.
Scope of organic and natural farming of vegetable crops under protected condi...MANISH CHAUHAN
Organic farming is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems, and people.
It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
IRJET - Vermicomposting with Cow Dung Banana Plant and Vegetable WastesIRJET Journal
This document discusses vermicomposting of organic wastes like cow dung, banana plant stems, and vegetable wastes using the earthworm Eisenia Fetida. It examines mixing these wastes in different ratios and finding that a ratio of cow dung, banana plant stem, and vegetable waste of 3:1:1 produced high-quality vermicompost rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium within 55-60 days. The document also outlines the materials and methods used, including collecting and partially decomposing the wastes for 40 days before mixing and feeding to the earthworms. Maintaining moisture levels between 30-40% and a temperature of 18-25°C was important for effective
Evaluation of herbicides and their combinations for weed control in wheat (Tr...IJEABJ
The field experiment was conducted at the Student’s Research Farm, P.G. Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, to study the evaluation of various herbicides and their combinations on wheat during 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments such as weed free, weedy check, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + clodinofop 400 g/ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + sulfosulfuron 32.5g/ha , pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + pinoxaden 1000 ml/ ha, pendimethalin 2.5L/ha + atlantis 400g/ha and replicated thrice. Results revealed that pendimethalin 2.5 L/ha + atlantis 400g/ha was found effective to control weed population and produced higher number of grains per ear and enhanced grain yield upto 62.3 per cent over weedy check.
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on research related to grafting of vegetable crops. The presentation covered the definition and purpose of grafting, the history of vegetable grafting, common grafting methods, and research examining the effects of grafting on various vegetable crops such as watermelon, cucumber, tomato, brinjal, chilli, and okra. Specific rootstocks were highlighted for their ability to improve yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for different vegetable crops.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
Influence of phosphorous acid application on the accumulation of total phenol...Innspub Net
One mechanism used by coconut plant to protect itself against Phytophthorakatsurae is linked to total
polyphenols production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of phosphorous acid plant treatment on the
production of total polyphenols in coconuthusk, as part of chemical control.The study was conducted on two
coconuts cultivars (EGD and PB 121+) with four doses of phosphorous acid [Control, 2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), 11.2 g
(TC)]. At each sampling, the husks were processed and extracts were prepared for total polyphenols assays. There
was significant difference between EGD and PB 121+ total polyphenols production (p<0.001).The interaction
between coconut variety and phosphorous acid doses was also significant.The interaction EGD and TC had the
highest total polyphenols accumulation of 4838.5 µg/g of fresh weight (FW). For PB121+, the highest total polyphenols accumulation of 6433.71 µg/g FW was obtained from the interaction between PB121+ and T0. From this observation, it could be statedthat phosphorous acid only triggers the treated plantdefense mechanisms to produce total phenolic compounds when attacked by a pathogen. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Influence of water stress and rhizobial inoculation on growth and yield of se...Innspub Net
Two season’s field experiment and single season screen house experiment were conducted to assess the effect of water stress periods and rhizobial inoculation in five P. vulgaris cultivars. The experiment consisted of two levels of rhizobia (with and without inoculation), two stress levels (with and without water stress) and five cultivars of P. vulgaris (KAT B9, KAT B1, F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought line and JESCA). Results showed that rhizobial inoculation significantly increased plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) at vegetative and flowering in field experiment. Furthermore, water stress treatments significantly reduced plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) in both growth stages at field experiment. For screen house experiment rhizobial inoculation significantly increased leaf area (cm2), number of leaves, stem girth (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) at both growth stages. Additionally, water stress treatments significantly reduced number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) in both growth stages. Varieties F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought Line and JESCA had significantly superior measurements reflected in increased plant height (cm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) as compared with KAT B9 and KAT B1. Furthermore, significant interactive effects were also seen between rhizobial inoculation x stress level and tested bean cultivars on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry weight and seed yields.
TRIGROW – IS A REVOLUTIONARY HIGH TECH NANO ORGANIC FERTILIZER THAT ENHANCE CROP PRODUCTION. IT HELPS CREATE A HABITAT FOR MICROORGANISMS WHEN APPLIED TO THE SOIL ACCELARATING THE REJUVENATION PROCESS RESULTING TO ACCELERATED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS. THIS FERTILIZER HELPS RELEASE THE LOCKED UP NUTRIENTS FROM THE SOIL FOR READY USE AND UTILIZATION OF THE PLANTS.
BECAUSE HABITAT WAS CREATED, MICROORGANISMS CLUSTER AROUND THE ROOT SYSTEM AND SYMBIOTICALLY HELP CONVERT SOIL NUTRIENTS. IT ALSO INDUCES GIBERILLIN PRODUCTION AMONG THE PLANTS GIVING THEM PROTECTION FROM THE PEST AND DIESEASES INFESTATION RESULTING FROM HARMFUL CONDITIONS OF THE SOIL.
Effect of spawned and simple casing on the biological efficiency of pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous was observed. The results exhibit that spawned casing not only takes lesser time for case run but also produces early primordial development. A positive response on mushroom biomass is also noticed in this technique.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Nodulation, Growth and Yield Response of Five Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Wa...Premier Publishers
The experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The experimental layout was a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial combination with 3 replications given a total of 90 treatments. Seeds of five cowpea varieties namely: IT98K-205-8, Ife Brown, Oloyin Brown, IT98K-573-2-1 and IT96D-610 were sown in Plastic buckets of 7-liter capacity and were perforated at the bottom to allow for drainage and filled with top soil. Watering regimes of (500ml, 700ml and 900ml) were imposed and water was applied twice a week while cowpea plants were inoculated with 5g each of Rhizobia strain (Mesorhizobia loti) at seedling stage. Control set was maintained without inoculation. The effect of watering regimes on legume species was significant on nodulation, growth and yield characters of cowpea varieties evaluated. The results revealed marked varietal differences in plant growth, nodulation, yield and yield components. IT98K-573-2-1 and Oloyin Brown generally expressed superior performance in most measured parameters. Mesorhizobia inoculation significantly (p≤0.05) increased plant growth, nodulation, yield and yield components of cowpea. The interaction effect of variety, Mesorhizobia loti and watering regimes caused significant variations in the number of nodules, leaf area, number of seeds/pod and seed yield. The nitrogen and crude protein content in the leaf differed among the cowpea varieties evaluated. Application of mesorhizobium strain significantly increased seed yield of cowpea and caused substantial increase in nodulation and this subsequently affected the Nitrogen fixation potential of cowpea under varying soil moisture regimes.
— Labisia pumila or commonly known as kacip fatimah is one of the popular medicinal plant in Malaysia. The constituents of this plant have been reported to possess anti cancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. The growth and production of L. pumila is greatly influenced by the environmental condition such as shade, humidity and growing media. In this study, the survivality of L. pumila var. alata (KFeFRIM01) plantlets derived from tissue culture technique using temporary immersion system were analyzed during pre and post acclimatization process. The plantlets were pre acclimatize in different potting media namely 100% sand and 100% jiffy and grown in plastic growth chamber with different percentage of shade (0%, 50% and 70%). After a month, the plants were transferred to the nursery for post acclimatization. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the survivality of plants placed under different percentage of shade (70% and 50%), suitable growing media and watering requirement per day. The growth of the plants such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width were recorded during the acclimatization process. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the survivality and growth of this plant during the acclimatization process. KFeFRIM01 was found to grow better in 0% shade compared to 50% shade and 70% shade. However, there were no significant difference recorded in the usage of two potting medium (100% sand and 100% jiffy) on the growth of KFeFRIM01 during pre acclimatization process. While in post acclimatization, KFeFRIM01 placed under 50% shade produce better growth in term of leaves number (8.44a ± 0.20), leaf length (6.13a ± 0.14) and leaf width (3.17a ± 0.06) compared to 70% shade. KFeFRIM01 plants planted in treatment 1-top soil: leaf compost: sand (2:3:1) gave the highest growth performance in all parameter measured. Whereas, KFeFRIM01 plants that watered twice per day (9AM & 4PM) have greater plant height (8.83a ± 0.34) and leaves number (7.53a ± 0.39) compared to plants watered once per day. The findings from this study are essential for mass production of L. pumila using tissue culture technology in future as a successful protocol for acclimatization of this plants obtained.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. Sandalwoodijtsrd
An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed for Santalum album L. Santalaceae , an economically important species. Plant regeneration was achieved using nodal explants and leaf disc on Murashige and Skoog MS medium for direct shoot regeneration. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators PGR like 6 Benzyl Adenine BA , Kinetin KN and 2 Isopentenyl adenine 2 iP on shoot initiation 2 Isopentenyl adenine and Gibberellic acid GA3 for shoot elongation and multiple shoot formation and Indole 3 Butyric Acid IBA and a Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA for rooting was studied. Among the explants tested for shoot induction, nodal segments proved good results. The best treatment for obtaining shoot induction was 3.0mg L BAP and for rooting 1 mg L of IBA was found to be the best treatment combination for maximum sprouting of shoot and rooting. After six the rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 20 of plantlets survived and resumed growth in the mixture of soil, vermiculite and sand 1 1 1 . S. Aghi Zion Inbakani | S. Sathishkumar | Bakan Jagdish Sudhakar "Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. (Sandalwood)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43698.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/43698/micropropagation-of-santalum-album-l-sandalwood/s-aghi-zion-inbakani
Effect of application of “Grinophyll” on Growth and Yield of RiceAI Publications
The present investigation entitled “effect of application of “Grinophyll” on growth and yield of rice was carried out during kharif season of the year 2021 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa farm, At-Nare, Tal-Wada, Dist- Palghar, Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The three treatments (Control, Grinophyll @ 4ml, and Grinophyll @6ml per 15 liters of water) were replicated twice times on four varieties of rice namely Dandi, Gurjari, Jaya, and GAR-13. The plant population per meter square (34.5), plant height (105.9 cm), number of tillers per plant (13.7), number of panicles per plant (13), number of panicles per square meter (442) and length of panicle (25.8 cm) was recorded maximum with application of Grinophyll @ 6 ml /15 liters of water on rice cv. “GAR-13”. The highest number of seeds per panicle (203.5), test weight (34.1 g), grain yield (57.45 q/ha) and straw yield (85.08 q/ha) was found with application of Grinophyll @ 6 ml / 15 liters of water.The data clearly revealed that, the yield obtained with treatment Grinophyll @ 6 ml / 15 liters of water on rice cv. “GAR 13” was significantly higher than all other treatments and also for growth parameters.
INFLUENCE OF SEED PELLETING ON GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAI...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effects of seed pelleting on growth, seed yield, and yield traits in the rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bean variety. The study found that seed pelleting, especially with ZnSO4, borax, captan, and imidacloprid, led to increased field emergence, plant height, branches, leaves, plant dry weight, pods, seeds, and seed yield compared to the unpelleted control. The Phule Rajmah variety generally performed better than the Varun variety in terms of yield and traits, though Varun had a shorter maturity time. Seed pelleting maintained good seed quality parameters like germination and vigor over 240
Efficacy of rice-stubble allelochemicals on vegetative growth parameters of s...ijtsrd
A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate allelopathic potential of water extract of rice-stubble leachate on certain oil-yielding crops mustard, sesamum and sunflower . A wide range of rice-stubble concentration i.e. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 were prepared and used for testing of seedling growth parameters Length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root of oil-yielding test crop seedlings. The experimental results found that the different seedling growth parameters were reduced with increased concentration of rice-stubble leachate in compared to control set. Root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth with increase of leachate concentration of rice-stubble. This experimental results show the existence of several bioactive compounds i.e. allelochemicals in rice-stubble. These bioactive compounds might serve as a source of natural herbicides. S. P. Adhikary "Efficacy of rice-stubble allelochemicals on vegetative growth parameters of some oil-yielding crops" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20251.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/20251/efficacy-of-rice-stubble-allelochemicals-on-vegetative-growth-parameters-of-some-oil-yielding-crops/s-p-adhikary
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
Influence of inm on growth and seed yield on okraDr. Mahesh Ghuge
The document summarizes a study on the effects of integrated nutrient management on the growth and seed yield of okra. The study found that applying 75% of the recommended NPK dose along with farmyard manure, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and Azotobacter resulted in the maximum plant height, number of leaves, seed yield, and other growth and yield parameters. Applying 125% of the recommended NPK dose resulted in the maximum stem diameter. Applying 100% of the recommended NPK dose resulted in the earliest flower bud initiation, flowering, and fruit initiation. The integrated application of organic and inorganic nutrients thus led to improved growth, earliness, and yield for okra.
8 ijhaf oct-2017-10-influence of nitrogen fixingAI Publications
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of inoculating fenugreek plants with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, alone and in combination, on plant growth and yield. Key findings include:
1) Inoculation with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria increased nodulation, nodule weight, root and shoot growth, and pod number compared to the uninoculated control.
2) Co-inoculation with both bacteria further increased root and shoot growth and significantly increased fenugreek seed yield compared to the control or single inoculations.
3) Inoculation improved plant nutrient uptake and growth, demonstrating the potential of biofer
Line × tester analysis for yield contributing morphological traits in Triticu...Innspub Net
The present study was carried out for the development of the water stress wheat cultivars with higher grain yield by studying the genetic basis of crucial morphological traits. Nine wheat genotypes were grouped into six lines and three testers and these parents were crossed line x tester fashion. Eighteen crosses including nine parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three drought tolerant varieties Chakwal-50, Chakwal-86 and Kohistan-97 were also sown to compare the results in water stress environment. Highest negative GCA effects were observed in WN-36 for plant height (-6.17) and flag leaf area (-1.53), while for peduncle length it was noted in 8126 lines (-1.15). Highest positive GCA effects were observed in WN-32 for a number of grains per spike (5.21), grain yield per plant (2.08) and for spikelet per spike (0.33), while for 8126 and WN-10 the number of tillers per plant (0.67) and spike length (0.25) was found, respectively. The crosses 9451 × WN-25, WN-36 × 8126, WN-10 × 8126 showed highest negative SCA effects for plant height (-8.06), flag leaf area (-2.89), and peduncle length (-2.05), respectively. Moreover, the cross combinations of WN-36 × WN-25, WN-32 × WN-25 and AARI-7 × 9526 showed positive SCA effects for number of tillers per plant (1.52), spike length (0.72) and number of spikelet per spike (0.84) respectively, while the interaction of WN-35 × 8126 crosses showed highest positive SCA effects for number of grains/spike (5.69) and grain yield/plant (2.75). The parental material used in this study and cross combinations obtained from these parents may be exploited in future breeding endeavors.
Evaluation of Agro-morphological Performances of Hybrid Varieties of Chili Pe...Premier Publishers
In Benin, chilli pepper is a widely consumed as vegetable whose production requires the use of performant varieties. This work assessed, at Parakou and Malanville, the performance of six F1 hybrids of chilli including five imported (Laali, Laser, Nandi, Kranti, Nandita) and one local (De cayenne), in completely randomized block design at four replications and 15 plants per elementary plot. Agro-morphological data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and factor analysis of mixed data. The results showed the effects of variety, location and their interactions were highly significant for most of the growth, earliness and yield traits. Imported hybrid varieties showed the best performances compared to the local one. Multivariate analysis revealed that 'De cayenne' was earlier, short in size, thin-stemmed, red fruits and less yielding (≈ 1 t.ha-1). The imported hybrids LaaliF1 and KrantiF1 were of strong vegetative vigor, more yielding (> 6 t.ha-1) by developing larger, long and hard fruits. Other hybrids showed intermediate performances. This study highlighted the importance of imported hybrids in improving yield and preservation of chili fruits. However, stability and adaptation analyses to local conditions are necessary for their adoption.
Effect of interaction between different plant growth regulators on in vitro s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— In this paper a shoot multiplication is described for Citrus latifolia Tan. (persian lime) using nodal segment explants of young one – old – year trees by two different pathways contain with and without callusing phase. The best result for multiple shoot formation and regenerated shoot formation was 3.2 and 2.6 shoots per explants with 4.44 µM BA plus 0.053 µM NAA and 4.44 µM BA plus 0.049 µM IBA respectively. Alike shoot regeneration, shoot elongation was occurred in medium with 4.44 µM BA and 0.049 µM IBA. Micropropagated and regenerated plants are under other experiments. Abbreviation: BA – 6 benzylaminopurine; IBA – Indole acetic acid; NAA – Naphtalene acetic acid; PGRs – Plant Growth Regulators.
Technical Programme of P.h.D Experiment on Maize shikharverma26
This document provides details of a proposed PhD experiment on the effects of nano zinc, inorganic fertilizers, and organic manures on the growth and yield of maize. The experiment will have 21 treatments in a split plot design with 3 replications. Treatments will evaluate the effects of farmyard manure, vermicompost, and different combinations of recommended NPK doses with zinc sulfate and nano zinc on maize growth parameters, yield, nutrient uptake, and soil properties. Economic analysis of treatments will also be conducted.
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration and Rooting of Piper Longum L.: A valuable Medici...AnuragSingh1049
Piper longum L (Long pepper), of family Piperaceae, is an important medicinal plant in Sri Lanka. Cultivation of Piper longum L. till recently was not very common and still it is extensively collected from the wild owing to the increasing demand from the pharmaceutical industry, threatening the very existence of the plant. Poor seed viability and low germination, scanty and delayed rooting of vegetative cuttings restrict its propagation through sexual and vegetative propagation methods indicating a need of alternative approaches such as in vitro techniques for large scale propagation of this medicinally important plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an effective in vitro propagation protocol for Long pepper using nodal segments as ex plants, obtained from a shade house grown mature plant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used throughout the experiment. For shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with combination of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Kinetin (KIN) and different levels of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. In vitro rooting was achieved to 50% strength MS basal medium containing 1mg/L. The highest frequency of multiple shoot regeneration, that is 87.5% and the maximum number of, 36-40 shoots/ex plants in one sub culture (within 8 weeks after inoculation) were observed in MS media containing BAP (3 mg/L), KIN (0.5mg/L) and NAA (0.2mg/L). The maximum number of roots (6-8 per plantlet) were obtained in 50% MS basal medium + glucose (15 g/L) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/ L) and gelled with 0.8% (w/v) agar supplemented with NAA (1 mg/L). In vitro rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized in the shade house conditions. Therefore, it is possible to deduce that the current protocol is promising for in vitro mass propagation of Piper longum L. to solve the reproduction and cultivation problem of the plant.
Effect of Seedling Density on Growth Attributes of Cauliflower variety Kathma...AI Publications
Nursery management including optimum seedling density is an important factor for better crop performance. A study was carried out to examine the effect of seedling density on growth attributes of cauliflower seedlings cv. Kathmandu local in the field of Lamjung Campus in Oct., 2018. Experiment consists of four treatments which were replicated five times and laid out in RCBD. Seed spacing treatments viz. 0.5cm x 1.0cm, 1.0cm x 1.0cm, 1.5cm x 1.5cm and 2.0cm x 2.0cm were maintained in a raised nursery beds. Field germination percentage was recorded up to 60% at fourth day after sowing (DAS) whereas in lab it was up to 74%. Above and below ground seedling biomass, unfold leaves area, number of true leaves, plant height and root length were recorded at 23 DAS by destructive method. ImageJ package was used for leaf area measurement. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by GenStat. Root length (4.85cm) was significantly higher in spacing of 2cm x 2cm which was at par with 1.5cm x 1.5cm whereas lower in 0.5cm x 1.0cm. Significantly maximum value for fresh weight of root (0.045gm), fresh weight of shoot (0.91gm), dry weight of shoot (0.11gm) and dry matter percentage (12%) was observed in 1.5cm x 1.5cm spacing. Seedlings greater than 1.5cm to 2cm spacing performed better than closer spacing in most of the variable of interests, however, there was no significant differences observed in number of true leaves, leaf area and plant height. A trial with wider spacing considering seedling health is recommended.
Effect of Varying Rate of Leaf Defoliation on Maize Growth, Development and ...Scientific Review SR
Pot trial was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University Anyigba, within the
southern Guinea savanna agro ecological zone of Nigeria, with daily temperature range between 250C - 350C.
The experiment, a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments (defoliation at 25%
above the ear, 25% under the ear, 50% above the ear, 50% under the ear, 75% above the ear, 75% under the
ear, 100% defoliation and no defoliation as control) was replicated four times. Treatment was imposed at ear
initiation. Growth and yield parameters collected were: number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, stem
girth, days to ear initiation, number of cobs/plant, days to crop maturity, cob weight, cob length, seed rows per
cob, 100-seed weight as well as total cob yield/ha. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and New Duncan Multiple Range Test (NDMRT) was used to estimate the differences among
significant means at 5% level of probability. Prior to imposition of the treatment, anal yzed results indicate no
significant differences between number of leaves at 2, 4 and 6 WAS, as well as plant heights and stem girth at
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAS. However there were significant differences between leaf areas at 4 and 6 WAS. In
addition, there were significant effects of defoliation on cob length and dry cob weight with the highest cob
weight obtained in 25% defoliation carried out above the ear. In addition, there were significant differences in
the number of rows per cob and grain yield per ha with 0% defoliation giving the highest result while the least
was in 100% defoliation. Generally, it was observed that defoliation at any rate and position influenced maize
yield, notwithstanding that the treatment was imposed at cob initiation, an indication that harvest of solar
radiation post cob initiation plays important role on eventual maize yield
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
Effect of Post Emergence Herbicides on Growth of Wheat Crop and Their Associa...ijtsrd
The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019 20 on sandy loam soil at Agricultural Research Farm Pili Kothi , Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur U.P. . The “Effect of post emergence herbicides on growth of wheat crop and their associated weeds” The experiment comprised of nine treatment combinations and tested in randomized block design RBD with four replications. Experiment consisted of one factors, viz. seven different herbicides in different doses different time applied weed control of wheat crop analysis in superior herbicide in weed control of wheat crop t1 Sulfosulfuron at 0.03 kg a.i ha. Post emergence 28 DAS, t2 Metribuzin at 0.2kg a.i ha. Post emergence 28 DAS, t3 Carfentrazone ethyl at 0.025kg a.i ha. Post emergence 28 DAS, t4 Carfentrazone ethyl at 0.02kg a.i ha. Post emergence 28DAS, t5 Metsulfuron methyl at 0.004kga.i ha.Post emergence 28 DAS, t6 Sulfosulfuron Metsulfuron methyl at 0.03 0.004 kg a.i ha. Post emergence 28 DAS, t7 2, 4 D at 0.500 kg a.i ha. Post emergence 32 DAS, t8 Weed free two hand weeding , t9 Weedy check and results obtained in t6 Sulfosulfuron metsulfuron methyl 0.030 0.004 kg a.i ha 28 DAS superior compare to weedy check and similar in t8 weed free plots. Application of t6 Sulfosulfuron metsulfuron methyl 0.030 0.004 kg a.i ha 28 DAS Were recorded in minimum density of weeds m2 more number of tillers, recorded crop dray matter and at remain least weeds dry matter recorded gm2 as compare to other treatments. Neeraj Prajapati | Dr. Shrish Kumar Singh "Effect of Post-Emergence Herbicides on Growth of Wheat Crop and Their Associated Weeds" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49687.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/49687/effect-of-postemergence-herbicides-on-growth-of-wheat-crop-and-their-associated-weeds/neeraj-prajapati
Diversity of drought tolerance and seed yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus...Innspub Net
Randomized complete block design with four replications in two drought and non-drought environments was used for this study. Drought resistance indices were calculated based on seed yield in stress and non-stress conditions. The results showed that GMP and STI were the best drought resistance indices so had the positive and significant correlation with Yp and Ys. Three dimensional graph showed that RFG5*AF80, G-543 and Farokh were the drought resistant hybrids. These hybrids had the highest amount of Yp, Ys, GMP and STI that revealed the highest yield potential as well as drought tolerance in these genotypes. Because of that these hybrids have promised potential to cultivate in drought prone environments. Regression analysis revealed that the traits grain filling rate, grain filling duration and water use efficiency accounted for 97.0% of total variation exist in seed yield. Path coefficient analysis demonstrated the highest and positive direct effect of grain filling rate and grain filling duration on seed yield in sunflower hybrids. Water use efficiency had low direct effect while high indirect effects via grain filling duration on seed yield. Therefore, the study revealed the importance of total grain filling rate and grain filling duration as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in sunflower breeding programs especially in early generations. On the other hand, indirect effects of water use efficiency through grain filling duration on seed yield have promising result in selection programs. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
1) The mutant lines exhibited higher growth parameters like plant length, tiller number, and panicle length compared to the original cultivars. The mutant lines also had longer durations to reach heading and maturity stages.
2) Yield and its components like panicle number, spikelet number, 1000 grain weight, 1000 brown rice weight, and grain yield were highest in the mutant lines compared to the original cultivars. The greatest grain yield of 11.6 t/ha was found in mutant line K4.
3) Physicochemical properties of the mutant lines showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents than the original cultivars. This was correlated with higher taste scores in the mutant lines.
Similar to influence of growth regulators on shedding of broad bean, growth, yield and seed quality (20)
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
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Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
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imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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influence of growth regulators on shedding of broad bean, growth, yield and seed quality
1. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.51 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 954
Influence of Growth Regulators on Shedding of
Broad Bean, Growth, Yield and Seed Quality
A. E. Sharief1
, M. M. El-hamady2
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Corresponding Author: Prof. Ali Sharief Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura University, Egypt, 35516 El-Mansoura,
Egypt Tel: +201222986347 Fax: +2052221688,
2
Plant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Abstract— In order to study the effect of foliar spraying
of growth regulators on growth,seed yield and seed
quality, two field experiments were conducted at an
extensive field during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons
to determine following foliar spraying of Naphthalene
Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations, i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60
ppm and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations, i.e. 0, 15, 30 and
45 ppm after 35 and 50 days from sown. Accumulative
NAA levelsof to 60 ppm significantly increased total
chlorophyll, plant height (cm),branches number/plant,
number of shedding flowers, shedding %, pods and seeds
number/plant,seedsnumber/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-
seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % in both
seasons.Naphthalene Acetic Acid foliar spraying up to 60
ppm exceeded of total chlorophyll, plant height (cm),
branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding flowers,
podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant,
seed yield (g) /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield
(ton/ha) and protein % by 11.47, 23.92, 92.88, 20.53,
11.87, 23.48, 14.16, 24.91, 26.15 and 13.23%,
respectively as the average of both seasons. But, reduced
the shedding percentage by 11.91% as the average oftwo
seasons. Kinetin (Kin) foliar spraying up to 45 ppm
significantly increased total chlorophyll, plant height
(cm), number of branches/plant, number of shedding
flowers, shedding %, pods and seeds
number/plant,number of seeds/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-
seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % in both
seasons. It could be noticed that foliar spraying of Kinetin
(Kin) concentrationsup to 45 ppm exceeded total
chlorophyll, plant height (cm), branchesnumber/plant,
number of shedding flowers, podsnumber/plant,
seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant, seed yield /plant,
100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % by
12.16, 19.39, 61.64, 5.60, 5.56, 6.96, 5.64, 18.75, 13.38
and 4.39%, respectively as average of both seasons. But,
reduced the shedding % by 14.73 % as the average of
both seasons.It could be recommended that foliar
spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid up to 60 ppm and
Kin of 45 ppm improved seed yield/ha by 38.2%
compared without foliar application.
Keywords— Naphthalene Acetic Acidand Kinetin levels,
shedding percentage.
I. INTRODUCTION
Vicia faba L.is considered the most significant winter
crops for human and animal consumption of the Middle
East. The lack of adequate pollination and reduced seed
set can be major constraints to yield. Flower drop and
seed abortion plus pests are also major constraints to
yield. Buds, flowers and immature pods abscission that
fail to develop intofully mature pods offaba bean,
isconsidered one of the greatestdifficultproblems of yield
productivity.This study takes place to investigate the
influence of spraying at different concentrations of
Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Kin on broad bean
plants, to study its effects on abortion and drop of
flowers, buds and pods, also the impact on vegetative
growth and seed yields.Naphthalene Acetic Acid as
hormones setthe physiological process of synthetic
growth regulators mightimprove growth and
development, thereby increased seed yield[1].Foliar
spraying of Naphthalene acetic acid is a potential
antifungal agent[2].Pant growth regulators are
augmentedseedproduction by amassed biological yield.
Naphthalene Acetic Acid belongs to synthetic forms of
Auxins[3].Spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acidimproved
plant height, fruit set with increases in seed
yield/ha[4].Sprayingtwiceof growth regulators improved
the number of pods/plant, pod weigh/plant and increased
seed yield by 17.7% compared without growth regulator
foliar spraying[5].Application of Amcotone at 600 ppm
(NA+NAA),decidedlyaugmented plant height, leaf area
index, flowering set, seed yields and its attributes[6].The
growth promoter NAA enhanced the mobilization of
photo assimilatesinto filling seeds[7].Foliar spraying of
Kinetin significantly enhanced plant growth and growth
even grown under ecologicalworry. He added that foliar
spraying of Kinetinenhanced flowering and delays leaves
senescence[8].Foliar application of Vicia fabaplants with
indel-3-acetic or gibberellin increased the number of
branches/plant and number of pods/plant [9].Plant growth
2. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
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substances are enhanced the source-sink relationship and
increase the translocation ofphoto-assimilates to
sink,formerlyenhanced flower formation, fruit and seed
development and improving seed production[10].Foliar
sprays with Oraset-x Naphthalene Acetic Acid
significantly the superior treatment to produce plants with
vigorous vegetative growth, i.e. plant height and number
of branches/plant, earliness, highest fruit set percentage,
total green yields, number of pods/plant, weight of ten
pods, pod characters, weight of 100 green seeds and total
protein[11].The highest numbers of shedding flowers and
shedding percentage% were obtained the control. Foliar
spraying of GA3 or IAA at 100 ppm exceeded the control
by 31.6 and 4.10%, respectively in number of shedding
flower/plant[12].Number of pods/plant, pods yield /plant,
100 seed weight and biological yield/plant, protein %and
seed yield/hawere significantly enriched with foliar
spraying of 50 mg/l IAA + 75 mg/l Kinetin[13].The
objectives of this investigationwas aimed to investigate
the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of
Kinetin,Naphthalene Acetic Acid on growth, shedding
percentage, seed yield and its quality.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Research time and location:
Two field experiments were conducted in extensive field
in Awish El-Hagar village Dakahlia district during
2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to investigate the
effect of foliar spraying of different levels of both
Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60
ppm and Kinetin (Kin), i.e. 0, 15, 30 and 45 ppm. The
experimental design, layout used was strip plot design
with four replicates. Each plot contained of five ridges,
3.5 meters'length and 60 cm in width. The size of each
plot being 10.5m2
. The vertical plots were occupied with
the following foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid
(NAA) rates, i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm. The horizontal
plots were occupied with foliar spraying of Kinetin (Kin)
rates, i.e. 0, 15, 30 and 45 ppm. Growth hormone was
sprayed twice at 35 and 50 days from sowing.The
experimental units were fertilized with calcium super
phosphate (15.5% P2O5) at a rate of 240kg/hawas added
to the soil during tillage operation and before sowing. 115
kg K2O/ha of potassium sulphate (48% K2O) was added
to field in two equal portions, before the first and second
irrigation. Nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulphate
(20%N) at the rate of 35 kg N/ha as starter dose and was
added before irrigation. However, other agricultural
practices were done as commonly followed in the
district.Sowing date of faba bean (Cv. Nobaria) was on
the 10th
of November in both seasons. Faba bean seeds
were soaked in water for 24 hours before planting to raise
seed germination. Planting was performed on both sides
of ridges at 25 cm between hills. Thinning was done in 21
days from sowing to leave healthy two plants/hill. Hand
digging was done every 21 days to control weeds i.e.
before, time of irrigations.
2.2. Studied traits:
All studied characteristics were applied to harvest time.
From each plot, ten guarded plantswere booked from the
outer ridges from each sub plot to estimate:1.Total
chlorophyll (SPAD): Chlorophyll content in leaf samples
was assessed by SPAD-502 (Minolta Co. Ltd., Osaka,
Japan). 2. Plant height (cm): It was measured for each
plant of the samples of the soil surface to the top of the
plants. 3.Number of branches/plant. 4. Fresh weight/plant.
5. Dry weight/plant. 6. Shedding percentage: It was
determined by using the following equation:
Shedding
Shedding % = X 100
Shedding + number of mature pods
At harvest time marketable pods per plant was picked and
let to dry up normally and data were recorded for the
following traits:7. Number of pods/plant. 8. Seed yield
(g)/plant. 9. 100-seed weight (g). 10. Seed yield (ton/ha):
whole plants produced from the three inner ridges of each
plot were harvested and left to dry in the air, then they
were threshed and the seeds (which were at 13 %
moisture) were weighted (kg), then converted to (Kg/ha).
11. Protein%: Total nitrogen was estimated by the
improved Kjeldahl - method according to[14], modified
by distilling the ammonia into saturated boric solution
and titration in standard acid. Protein % was estimated by
multiplying the total nitrogen values of faba bean flour by
6.25.
2.3. Experimental analysis:
All obtained data were statistically analyzed according to
the technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the
split-plot design to each experiment (row spacing), then
combined analysis was done between row spacing trails
as published by [15]by using “MSTAT-C” computer
software package. To test the differences between
treatment means, the least significant difference (LSD)
method was used at the 5 % level of probability as
designated by[16].
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Naphthalene Acetic Acid concentration effects:
The results presented from Tables 1 and 2 clearly
revealed that foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid
(NAA) and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations significantly
affected total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), number of
branches/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding
%,pods and seeds number/plant,number of seeds/pod,
3. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
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seed yield (g) /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield
(ton/ha) and protein %.The results showed that increasing
NAA concentrations of 60 ppm significantly increased
total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), number of
branches/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding %,
pods and seeds number/plant, number of seeds/pod, seed
yield (g) /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha)
and protein % in both seasons. From our results, it could
be stated that incensing Naphthalene Acetic Acidup to 60
ppm increased total chlorophyll, plant height
(cm),branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding flowers,
podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant,
seed yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha)
and protein % by 11.47, 23.92, 92.88, 20.53, 11.87, 23.48,
14.16, 24.91, 26.15 and 13.23%, respectively as the
average of twoseasons.But, reduced the shedding % by
11.91% as the average of two seasons.Foliar application
of Naphthalene Acetic Acid increased the growth, viz,
plant height, number of branches/plant, leaf area index,
dry weight/plant and plant attributes. Plant growth
regulators are known to modify the growth and
development patterns of plant by exertinga profound
effect on various physiological processes and hence
regulating seed productivity[17].Application IAA caused
a reduction in the flower abscission %,hence producinga
highest number of pod set, seedweight/plant, number of
seeds/pod and weight of 100 seeds[7]. The increase in
seed yield/plant due to foliar spraying of Naphthalene
Acetic Acid could be attributed to the more increases in
vegetative growth characters, which might provide more
vegetative area and increases pod set%, reduction in
abscission %, increasing the seed number/pod, as
mentioned by[18].These results are in agreement with
those described by[6,8,10,11,12].
3.2. Kinetin (Kin) concentration effects:
The results presented from Tables 1 and 2 clearly
suggested that increasing foliar spraying of Kinetin (Kin)
concentrations significantly exaggerated total chlorophyll,
plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of
shedding flowers, shedding %pods and seeds
number/plant,number of seeds/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-
seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein %. Our
results clearly showed that increasing foliar spraying of
Kinetin (Kin) levels up to 45 ppm significantly
augmented total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), number of
branches/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding %,
pods and seeds number/plant,number of seeds/pod, seed
yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and
protein % percentage.In addition, it could be observed
that incensingfoliar spraying of Kinetin (Kin)
concentrationsof 45 ppm increased total chlorophyll, plant
height (cm), branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding
flowers,podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod,
seedsnumber/plant, seed yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g),
seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % by 12.16, 19.39, 61.64,
5.60, 5.56, 6.96, 5.64, 18.75, 13.38 and 4.39%,
respectively as average of both seasons. But, reduced the
shedding % by 14.73 % as the average of both seasons.
Foliar spraying ofKinetin (Kin) andNaphthalene Acetic
Acid(NAA) promote photosynthetic rates, photo
assimilates production, fruit set and growth. It could be
summarized that the aptitude of cytokines and NAA to
mobilize assimilates to the area of request is accountable
for enhanced fruit set and seed productivity[19].Foliar
spraying with growth regulators, enhanced expression and
forms into SOD indicate the possible participation in
growth regulators in delaying the membrane deterioration
during abscission leading to increased fruit set [20].Seed
yields and its attributes i.e. number of pods/plant, pods
yield /plant, 100 seed weight, biological yield/plant and
protein yield/ha were significantly better with application
with 50 mg/l IAA + 75 mg/l Kinetin[13].These results are
in harmony with[10,11,12,13].
3.3. Interaction Effect:
From our results, it could have suggested that the
interaction among foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic
Acid (NAA) and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations, results in
Tables 1 and 2 designated that plant height (cm), fresh
and dry weight/plant and total chlorophyll, number of
pods/plant, seed yield/plant significantly affected only in
the first season. Whilst, the results in the same Tables
showed non-significant effects due to the interaction
among foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)
and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations on the number of
branches/plant, shedding % and 100 seed weight in the
two seasons. Concerning to the interaction between
Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Kinetin(Kin)
concentrations on seed yield/ha, results in Figs 1 and 2
clearly indicated that this interaction significantly affected
on seed yield/ha. From our results, it could be suggested
that increasing Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) up to 60
ppm and Kinetin (Kin) up to 45 ppm increased seed
yield/ha by 38.2% compared without growth regulators
foliar application.The growth promoter ofNaphthalene
Acetic Acid (NAA) enhances the mobilization of photo
assimilates into filling seeds[6]. Seed yield and its
attributes i.e.number of pods/plant, pods yield/plant, 100
seed weight, biological yield/plant and seed,
proteinyields/ha were significantly improved with foliar
spraying at a rate of 50 mg/l IAA + 75 mg/l Kinetin[13].
IV. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, from above results, it could be suggested
that increasing Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) up to 60
ppm and Kinetin (Kin) up to 45 ppm increased seed
4. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
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yield/ha by 38.2% compared without growth regulators
foliar application.
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Table.1: Mean of plant height (cm), No. of branches/plant, fresh and dry weight/plant and total chlorophyll as affected by
Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons.
Treatmen
ts
Plant height (cm)
No. of
branches/plant
Fresh weight/plant
(g)
Dry weight/plant (g) Total chlorophyll
2014/201
5
2015/201
6
2014/201
5
2015/201
6
2014/201
5
2015/201
6
2014/201
5
2015/201
6
2014/201
5
2015/201
6
A. Nitrogen fertilizer rates:
0 ppm
NAA
97.1 100.8 4.24 4.28 671.05 672.48 167.70 168.85 40.82 41.86
20 ppm
NAA
102.6 108.7 5.31 5.42 794.05 781.57 182.45 179.51 42.85 43.28
40 ppm
NAA
106.7 112.1 5.35 5.55 820.18 831.58 192.79 197.25 44.11 46.13
60 ppm
NAA
109.2 114.3 5.49 5.71 864.22 870.83 207.95 215.57 46.71 47.11
F-test * * * * * * * * * *
L.S.D. 5% 0.8 0.8 0.05 0.04 5.28 3.06 0.51 0.91 0.15 0.16
B. Phosphorus fertilize rates:
0 ppm kin 97.2 101.5 4.49 4.56 701.88 712.40 183.57 184.15 42.71 42.91
15 ppm
kin
100.6 106.8 5.06 5.22 799.81 793.16 186.61 188.8 43.33 44.29
30 ppm
kin
107.0 112.1 5.23 5.48 809.68 810.41 188.59 190.81 43.89 45.14
45 ppm
kin
110.7 115.5 5.59 5.65 839.44 840.51 192.12 197.41 44.56 46.09
F-test * * * * * * * * * *
L.S.D. 5% 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.03 3.89 1.84 0.38 0.48 0.08 0.19
Interaction AXB
F-test * N.S. NS. N.S. * N.S. * N.S. * N.S.
Table.2: Mean of shedding percentage, No. of pods/plant, 100-seed weight seed yield/plant and per hectare and protein
percentage as affected by Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations during 2014/2015 and
2015/2016 seasons.
Treatments
Shedding %
No. of
pods/plant
100-seed weight
(g)
Seed yield/plant
(g)
Seed Yield t/ha Protein %
2014/2
015
2015/2
016
2014/2
015
2015/2
016
2014/2
015
2015/2
016
2014/2
015
2015/2
016
2014/2
015
2015/2
016
2014/2
015
2015/2
016
A. Nitrogen fertilizer rates:
0 ppm NAA 85.31 85.55 18.65 19.53 94.32 94.88 81.81 82.79 4.276 4.301 26.15 26.75
20 ppm
NAA
83.66 83.74 21.69 22.83 98.75 99.45 88.45 88.85 4.746 4.801 27.66 28.50
40 ppm
NAA
79.59 80.77 23.01 24.03 103.67 105.75 96.78 98.11 5.122 5.100 28.62 29.45
60 ppm
NAA
71.61 78.89 24.55 25.35 110.90 111.16 109.11 110.26 5.791 5.822 30.31 30.36
F-test * * * * * * * * * * * *
6. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
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L.S.D. 5% 0.25 0.35 0.26 0.15 0.27 0.61 0.18 0.73 0.079 0.119 0.12 0.25
B. Phosphorus fertilize rates:
0 ppm kin 85.19 84.51 21.50 22.01 99.76 100.06 86.16 87.40 4.542 4.578 27.72 27.96
15 ppm kin 84.44 83.96 21.83 22.84 100.66 101.48 89.07 91.17 4.769 4.799 27.80 28.65
30 ppm kin 80.36 83.42 22.14 23.03 102.05 103.15 94.18 94.69 4.993 4.999 28.30 29.13
45 ppm kin 70.79 73.91 22.45 23.76 105.05 106.68 106.73 106.76 5.596 5.626 28.92 29.31
F-test * * * * * * * * * * * *
L.S.D. 5% 0.24 0.23 0.15 0.08 0.37 0.19 0.36 0.46 0.196 0.177 0.10 0.15
Interaction AXB
F-test N.S. N.S. * N.S. N.S. N.S. * N.S. *. * * N.S.
Fig.1: Seed yield t/ha as affected by the interaction between NAA and Kin concentrations during 2014/2015 season.
Fig.2: Seed yield t/ha as affected by the interaction between NAA and Kin concentrations during 2015/2016 season
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.8
5.3
5.8
6.3
6.8
0 ppm NAA 20 ppm NAA 40 ppm NAA 60 ppm NAA
Seedyieldt/ha
0 ppm Kin 15 ppm Kin
30 ppm Kin 45 ppm Kin
LSD at 5%= 0.392
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.8
5.3
5.8
6.3
6.8
0 ppm NAA 20 ppm NAA 40 ppm NAA 60 ppm NAA
Seedyieldt/ha
0 ppm Kin 15 ppm Kin
30 ppm Kin 45 ppm Kin
LSD at 5%= 0.147