The document discusses various infectious diseases that can affect the ears, eyes, and oral cavity. It describes diseases such as otitis media and externa that are caused by bacterial infections entering through the ear canal. For the eyes, it outlines viral infections like conjunctivitis as well as bacterial, chlamydial, gonococcal, amebic and toxoplasmosis infections. Finally, it briefly discusses viral and bacterial infections that can impact the oral cavity such as cold sores, dental caries and gingivitis.

1. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF
THE EARS
MAJID MOHIUDDIN

2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE
EARS
1. Eustachian (auditory) tube, from the
throat and nasopharynx.
2. From external ear.
3. Through the blood or lymph.
• OTITIS MEDIA
• OTITIS EXTERNA

3. OTITIS EXTERNA, EXTERNAL OTITIS, EAR
CANAL INFECTION, SWIMMER’S EAR
• Infection with itching, pain, malodorous
discharge, tenderness, redness, swelling and
impaired hearing.
• Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus;
rarely by fungus –e.g., Aspergillus.

4. OTITIS MEDIA, MIDDLE EAR
INFECTION:
• Develop as Complication of the
common cold. • Bacteria: Streptococcus
• Persistent and severe earache. pneumonia (G+ve
• Temporary hearing loss. diplococcus), Haemophillus
• Pressure in middle ear. influenzae (G-ve bacillus)
• Bulging of the eardrum (Tympanic and Moraxella catarrhalis
membrane), (G-ve diplococcus) also
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever Streptococcus pyogenes and
in young children. Staphylococcus aureus.
• May lead to rupture of the eardrum, • Virus: Measles virus,
bloody discharge and then pus. parainfluenza virus and
• Severe complications: bone infection, respiratory syncytial virus
permanent hearing loss, and (RSV)
meningitis.
• Not Communicable

5. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF
THE EYES

6. Viral infections:
• Conjunctivitis, keratitis keratoconjuctivitis:
Adenoviruses, enteroviruses and herpes
simplex viruses.
• Treatment:
– Care during viral infections (cold sores).
– Antiviral agents for herpes simplex infections.
(Ointment or eye drops).

7. BACTERIAL CONJUCTIVITIS
(Pinkeye)
• Irritation
• Haemophilus
• Reddening of influenzae biogroup
conjunctiva, aegyptius and
Streptococcus
• Edema of eyelids, pneumoniae. And
others.
• Mucopurulent
discharge,
• Sensitivity to • Human to human
via, eye and
BACTERIAL
light, respiratory
discharge, contaminate
• Highly
INFECTIONS d fingers, facial
tissues, clothing, eye

8. CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS, INCLUSION
CONJUCTIVITIS, PARATRACHOMA
• Mucopurulent ETIOLOGIC AGENT:
discharge in • Serotypes (serovars)
neonates, result in of Chlamydia
mild scarring of trachomatis.
conjunctivae and
cornea.
• Contact with genital
• May concurrent discharges of
with chlamydial infected people.
nasopharyngitis or
pneumonia. • Contaminated fingers
to eye.
• In adults, may be
BACTERIAL
concurrent with • Infection in newborns
via infected birth
nongonococcal
INFECTIONS canal.

9. TRACHOMA, CHLAMYDIA KERATOCONJUNCTIVITS
• Highly contagious ETIOLOGIC
• Acute or chronic AGENT:
conjunctival • Serotypes
inflammation (serovars) of
Chlamydia
• Scarring of trachomatis
cornea and
conjunctiva
• Deformation of • Direct contact with
BACTERIAL
eyelids and infectious ocular or
INFECTIONS
blindness. nasal secretions

10. GONOCOCCAL CONJUNCTIVITIS,
GONORRHEAL OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
• Acute redness
• Neisseria
• Swelling of gonorrhoeae (G-ve,
conjunctiva kidney-bean shaped
diplococci)
• Purulent
discharge • Contact with the
• Corneal ulcers infected birth canal
during delivery.
• Perforation • Adult infection from
• Blindness finger to eye contact
BACTERIAL with infected genital
INFECTIONS secretions.

11. AMEBIC CONJUCTIVITIS AND
KERATOCONJUCTIVITIS
• Inflammation of
the conjunctiva • Several species of
• Corneal ulcers amebae – genus
• Pus formation Acanthamoeba.
• Severe pain
• Loss of vision • Ameba contaminated
water.
PROTOZOAL • Unsterile contact
lens
INFECTIONS
• Cleaning and wetting

12. TOXOPLASMOSIS
• Systemic sporozoal
infection • Toxoplasma gondii;
• Immunocompetent an intracelluar
persons sporozoan.
• Serious disease,
even death, may • Cats and other
occur in felines
immunodeficient • Intermediate hosts
persons include rodents,
• Infection during birds, sheep, goats,
PROTOZOAL
early pregnancy swine and cattle.
may lead to fetal • Humans usually
INFECTIONS
infection, causing become infected by

13. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE
ORAL CAVITY

14. VIRAL AND BACTERIAL
INFECTIONS
COLD SORES, HERPES LABIALIS:
• Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2
DENTAL CARIES, GINGIVITIS & PERIODONTITIS:
• Bacteriodes, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium,
Prevotella, Actinomyces, Treponema spp. etc.
• Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli,
Actinomyces spp.

15. The End