Infection Control Guidelines for Ophthalmology Clinic [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Ophthalmology Clinic
Infection Prevention in Ophthalmology Clinic
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Sterilization is a critical aspect of running a successful dental practice. Sterilization of dental instruments and the dental operatory reduces the chances of contracting infection. Know more about dental sterilization equipment on IndiaSupply.
https://www.indiasupply.com/equipment/sterilization-equipment.html
Infection Control Guidelines for Ophthalmology Clinic [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Ophthalmology Clinic
Infection Prevention in Ophthalmology Clinic
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
Sterilization is a critical aspect of running a successful dental practice. Sterilization of dental instruments and the dental operatory reduces the chances of contracting infection. Know more about dental sterilization equipment on IndiaSupply.
https://www.indiasupply.com/equipment/sterilization-equipment.html
Infection control in orthodontic office /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Aseptic strategy implies utilizing practices and methodology to keep pollution from pathogens. It includes applying the strictest standards to limit the danger of disease. Human services laborers utilize aseptic system in medical procedure rooms, facilities, outpatient care focuses, and other social insurance settings.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
this is a very brief guide for medical students and interns who will be going in the o.t for the first time. this presentation includes almost all aspects of o.t.
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION IN A DENTAL CLINIC pptVineetha K
One of the basic things you need to know before starting a dental clinic. This presentation covers the basics of sterilization and disinfection in a dental setting.
The sterilization of surgical instruments is a process that removes all microorganisms from medical instruments before a surgery can take place. Proper sterilization ensures that all equipment has been thoroughly cleaned, sanitized and sterilized, and minimizes the risk of preventable surgical site infections. This process should be completed by a certified central sterilization technician.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rationale
Chain of infection
Routes of disease transmission
CDC and OSHA
Spauldings classification
Sterilization protocol
Methods of sterilization-physical and chemical agents
New methods of sterilization
Sterilization of scaler handpeice and inserts
Infection control
Infectious diseases commonly encounterd in dentistry
Medical history and dental safety
Immunization of personnel involved in dental care
Infection control practices
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipments
Surface barriers
Waste management in dental practice
Cdc guidelines-special considerations
Infection control in orthodontic office /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Aseptic strategy implies utilizing practices and methodology to keep pollution from pathogens. It includes applying the strictest standards to limit the danger of disease. Human services laborers utilize aseptic system in medical procedure rooms, facilities, outpatient care focuses, and other social insurance settings.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
this is a very brief guide for medical students and interns who will be going in the o.t for the first time. this presentation includes almost all aspects of o.t.
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION IN A DENTAL CLINIC pptVineetha K
One of the basic things you need to know before starting a dental clinic. This presentation covers the basics of sterilization and disinfection in a dental setting.
The sterilization of surgical instruments is a process that removes all microorganisms from medical instruments before a surgery can take place. Proper sterilization ensures that all equipment has been thoroughly cleaned, sanitized and sterilized, and minimizes the risk of preventable surgical site infections. This process should be completed by a certified central sterilization technician.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rationale
Chain of infection
Routes of disease transmission
CDC and OSHA
Spauldings classification
Sterilization protocol
Methods of sterilization-physical and chemical agents
New methods of sterilization
Sterilization of scaler handpeice and inserts
Infection control
Infectious diseases commonly encounterd in dentistry
Medical history and dental safety
Immunization of personnel involved in dental care
Infection control practices
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipments
Surface barriers
Waste management in dental practice
Cdc guidelines-special considerations
Brief overview of OR guideliens and basic etiquette to be maintained in OR.
For interns, undergraduate and surgical residents. This would help to learn correct protocols and unlearn wrong things. Based on evidence from recent cochrane database studies and WHO guidelines for infection control following elective surgeries.
Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization Validations of Reusable Medical Dev...Pacific BioLabs
This presentation provides important details on how to save time and money in the process of reusable medical device design. The main focus is on how device material choice and design affects the cleaning and disinfection process, and what considerations design engineers need to make when creating reusable medical devices.
Sterilization and Disinfection in ProsthodonticsJehan Dordi
Brief explanation of sterilization and disinfection methods. In-detail explanation of procedures for sterilization and disinfection of materials and armamentarium used in Prosthodontics.
Dr. Longtin will present the 10 principal factors which explain the poor compliance of health care workers to hand hygiene practices and will offer solutions to help resolve the issue. At the end of the lecture, the participant will have the background information to formulate arguments to promote good hand hygiene practices.
6 what can you do in your clinic to prevent contamination and cross infectionaakaricls
WHY YOU NEED TO DO THIS COURSE?
You are doctors and are well aware about current scenario. You are even taking adequate care. Then why you should do this course?
1. Friends this course aims to provide general guidance and information on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace, to enable staff to return to work safely while keeping the risk of contamination as low as possible.
2. It also provides ideas on how to protect mental well-being during the pandemic.
3. All General Practitioners, Consultants owning their own workplace and Freelancing Consultants can get information on how to take care while restarting medical practice,
4. Happy Doctor Foundation always helps doctors. And you will agree with us that a doctor is at MORE RISK AND IS MORE VULNERABLE TO GET INFECTION! So the more you learn, more you become wise. Isn’t it?
5. Do you know that your family’s health depends on HOW WELL YOU PROTECT YOURSELF?
6. You have nothing to lose by undergoing these course modules, so why not give it a try?
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Infection prevention, and methods. By Dr. Kalimullah Wardak
1. 1
I-a. Disinfection principles
I-b. Autoclaving methods
I-a. Infection prevention
. History
. Significance
• Common terms
• Germicides
• Hand washing
• Gloves
• Types
• How it works
• Precautions
• By: Dr. Kalimullah Wardak
بسم
هللا
الرحمن
الرحیم
2. HISTORY
In 1846 Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician.
Endometritis.
2
I. Infection Prevention
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151947/
3. HISTORY
In 1846 Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician.
Endometritis.
3
I. Infection Prevention
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151947/
4. HISTORY
In 1846 Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician.
Endometritis.
4
I. Infection Prevention
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151947/
5. HISTORY…
In 1854 in London, John Snow, a British physician.
A cholera outbreak.
5
I. Infection Prevention
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151947/
6. HISTORY…
In 1854 in London, John Snow, a British physician.
A cholera outbreak.
6
I. Infection Prevention
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151947/
7. INFECTION PREVENTION
Break the chain:
• Infection source
• Route of transmission
• Susceptible individual
7
I. Infection Prevention
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151947/
11. CURRENT SIGNIFICANCE (CONT…)
•Diarrhea 50% reduction, Resp. by 25%
•Room-temperature water: 90% of the coronavirus
particles in 24 hours. After 72 hours, some 99.9% of the
virus’ particles were found to die.
•Hand washing day and global organization 15 october….
may 5 hand hygiene day WHO
www.globalandwashing.org
11
I. Infection Prevention
www.Sputniknews.com
12. CURRENT SIGNIFICANCE (CONT…)
•Diarrhea 50% reduction, Resp. by 25%
•Room-temperature water: 90% of the coronavirus
particles in 24 hours. After 72 hours, some 99.9% of the
virus’ particles were found to die.
•Hand washing day and global organization 15 october….
may 5 hand hygiene day WHO
www.globalandwashing.org
12
I. Infection Prevention
www.Sputniknews.com
13. HAND WASHING
Joseph Lister, Three steps:
1. Hot water, medicated soap, and a brush for 5
minutes;
2. Apply 90% ethanol for 3–5 minutes with a brush
3. rinse the hands with an “aseptic liquid”.
• In the second half of the 20th century, time
decreased from >10 minutes to 5 minutes. Even
today, 5-minute protocols are common.
13
I-a. Sterilization principles
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK144036/
16. GLOVES
• Surgical hand preparation still necessary.
• Surgical site contamination, risk of blood borne pathogen
transmission from patients to the surgical team reduction.
• However, 18% (range: 5–82%) of gloves have tiny punctures
after surgery, and more than 80% of cases go unnoticed by
the surgeon. After two hours of surgery, 35% of all gloves
demonstrate puncture, thus allowing water (hence also
body fluids) to penetrate the gloves without using pressure.
A recent trial demonstrated that punctured gloves double
the risk of SSIs.
16
I-a. Sterilization principles
17. GLOVES (LATEX)
Pros:
• From natural latex
• As soft as second skin.
Cons:
• Allergic reaction, even in children.
• Latex itself and the powder as well.
• Dissolves in solvents.
17
I-a. Sterilization principles
18. GLOVES (NITRILE)
Pros:
• From synthetic rubbers, low allergy incidence, unknown pt.
• No powder and are easy to handle directly on removal from the box
• Extremely durable and puncture resistant.
• Can withstand exposure to oils, solvents, and chemicals which easily
destroy natural latex gloves.
Cons:
• Not as soft as latex gloves, and are not known for being easy to wear.
• Their strength is a weakness when fine movements and dexterity req.
• Nitrile is also slightly more expensive to produce.
18
I-a. Sterilization principles
19. GLOVES (VINIL)
Pros:
•Hypoallergenic
•Can be used while applying adhesives.
Cons:
•Not biodegradable.
•Microholes that do not contract and
reduce in diameter as latex does.
19
I-a. Sterilization principles
24. USES OF AUTOCLAVE
Autoclave is particularly useful for media containing water
that cannot be sterilized by dry heat. It is the method of
choice for sterilizing the following:
1. Surgical instruments
2. Culture media
3. Autoclavable plastic containers
4. Plastic tubes and pipette tips
5. Solutions and water
6. Biohazardous waste
7. Glassware (autoclave resistible)
24
I-b. Methods of Autoclaving
https://microbeonline.com/autoclave-principle-procedure-
ypes-and-uses/
25. PRECAUTIONS
• Autoclave should not be used for
sterilizing waterproof materials, such as oil
and grease or dry materials, such as
glove powder
• Materials are loaded in, such a way that it
allows efficient steam penetration (do not
overfill the chamber). It is more efficient
and safer to run two separate, uncrowded
loads than one crowded one.
25
I-b. Methods of Autoclaving
https://microbeonline.com/autoclave-principle-procedure-
ypes-and-uses/
26. PRECAUTIONS…
3. Wrapping objects in aluminium foil is not
recommended because it may interfere with steam
penetration. Articles should be wrapped in materials
that allow steam penetration.
4. Materials should not touch the sides or top of
the chamber
5. The clean items and the wastes should be
autoclaved separately.
6. Polyethylene trays should not be used as they
may melt and cause damage to the autoclave.
26
I-b. Methods of Autoclaving
https://microbeonline.com/autoclave-principle-procedure-
ypes-and-uses/
John Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and obstetric procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He designed the apparatus to safely administer ether to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform.[16] He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatrice in 1857 and was still not yet knighted,[17] leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. Snow published an article on ether in 1847 entitled On the Inhalation of the Vapor of Ether.[
Snow was a skeptic of the then-dominant miasma theory that stated that diseases such as cholera and bubonic plague were caused by pollution or a noxious form of "bad air". The germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so Snow did not understand the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. His observation of the evidence led him to discount the theory of foul air. He first published his theory in an 1849 essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera,[21] followed by a more detailed treatise in 1855 incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of 1854.[22][23]
John Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and obstetric procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He designed the apparatus to safely administer ether to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform.[16] He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatrice in 1857 and was still not yet knighted,[17] leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. Snow published an article on ether in 1847 entitled On the Inhalation of the Vapor of Ether.[
Snow was a skeptic of the then-dominant miasma theory that stated that diseases such as cholera and bubonic plague were caused by pollution or a noxious form of "bad air". The germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so Snow did not understand the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. His observation of the evidence led him to discount the theory of foul air. He first published his theory in an 1849 essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera,[21] followed by a more detailed treatise in 1855 incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of 1854.[22][23]
John Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and obstetric procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He designed the apparatus to safely administer ether to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform.[16] He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatrice in 1857 and was still not yet knighted,[17] leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. Snow published an article on ether in 1847 entitled On the Inhalation of the Vapor of Ether.[
Snow was a skeptic of the then-dominant miasma theory that stated that diseases such as cholera and bubonic plague were caused by pollution or a noxious form of "bad air". The germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so Snow did not understand the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. His observation of the evidence led him to discount the theory of foul air. He first published his theory in an 1849 essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera,[21] followed by a more detailed treatise in 1855 incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of 1854.[22][23]
John Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and obstetric procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He designed the apparatus to safely administer ether to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform.[16] He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatrice in 1857 and was still not yet knighted,[17] leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. Snow published an article on ether in 1847 entitled On the Inhalation of the Vapor of Ether.[
Snow was a skeptic of the then-dominant miasma theory that stated that diseases such as cholera and bubonic plague were caused by pollution or a noxious form of "bad air". The germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so Snow did not understand the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. His observation of the evidence led him to discount the theory of foul air. He first published his theory in an 1849 essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera,[21] followed by a more detailed treatise in 1855 incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of 1854.[22][23]
Sanitation: The policy and practice of protecting health through hygienic measures
Disinfection
Disinfection: Eliminates most pathogens but not necessarily all types of microbes. Disinfection reduces the level of microbial contamination. Chemical disinfection does not kill spores, unlike chemical sterilization. Some common laboratory disinfectants include freshly prepared10% bleach and 70% ethanol.
Sterilization
A sterile surface/object is completely free of living microorganisms and viruses.
Sterilization procedures kill all microorganisms. Methods used in sterilization procedures include heat, ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide gas, plasma, ozone, and radiation.
Decontamination
Decontamination renders an item or material safe to handle. The level of microbial contamination is reduced enough that it can be reasonably assumed free of risk of infection transmission. Sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis are forms of decontamination.
Antiseptics and disinfectants both kill microorganisms, and many people use the terms interchangeably. Adding to the confusion, antiseptics are sometimes called skin disinfectants. ... An antiseptic is applied to the body, while disinfectants are applied to nonliving surfaces, such as countertops and handrails