David Minja completed an 8-week industrial training report with Bade Contractors (T) LTD. The report summarized activities in each week, including concrete casting, foundation work, block laying, steel fixation, and septic tank construction. It concluded that the training provided valuable practical experience in construction tasks and helped bridge the gap between classroom theory and real-world work. Some challenges encountered on site were also noted.

1. MINJA DAVID DAWSON
8636/T.2015 | BSC.BUILDING ECONOMICS
INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING REPORT
ARDHI UNIVERSITY.

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DECLARATION
I David Dawson Minja hereby declarethat this industrial reportis an original work and has not been published or
submitted to this organization or any other institution of trainingfor any academic award.
Signature………………………………………………. Date…...../November/2016

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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstof all I would liketo thank every families and friends thatparticipateon my lifeand get me in this intensity
and individualswho supportand shareidea and also helpingme to be likethis.
I am very thankful to BADE CONTRACTORS (T) LTD. For havinggiven me the opportunity to undertake my eight
weeks practical classin their workingarea.It was Avery good learningexperience for me to have worked at this
area.I would liketo convey my heartiest thanks to resident quantity surveyor GAUDIENCE and all members of
BADE CONTRACTORS (T) LTD
I would also thank my mentor technician Joseph Masangula for his endless supportatsiteand in his officeby
consultingme how do things in the siteand how to write this report in outstandingmanner, all teachers of
BUILDING ECONOMICS who brought me to my present performance and shape me likethis duringthe last
successiveacademic year.
Before I finish I would liketo give my deepest thanks to all workers fromthe contractor and the consultantside
startingfrom engineers to daily laborers.Also for thosewho do not listed in the above but supportme in different
areas I would likethank all.

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OBJECTIVES
This Industrial Training(field work) to students was aimed at exposingstudents to engineering experience
practically and construction knowledgepractically which isrequired in the industry,where these arenot taught in
the lecture rooms; apply the engineering knowledge taught in the lecture rooms in real industrial situations,use
the experience gained from the ‘Industrial Training’in discussionsheld in the lecture rooms,also get a feel of the
work experience.

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ABSTRACT
The internship report in broad-spectrumcontains four chapters in which I try to explain my four month experience
in my hostingcompany BADE CONTRACTORS (T) LTD. The content of all chapters is broadly explained and itis
constructed from the practical basis of the sitework ended all weeks.
In the opening chapter. An introduction of report, where the duration of the training,location of the site,the
companies involved in the projectwith respect of their work performed and methodologies are clarified.
Second chapter is the most hunted chapter which explains the general activities doneduringindustrial training
Third chapter gives the detailed summary of activities donein each week duringthe whole industrial training
section
The forth chapter and the lastchapter,here is the conclusion,problems encountered duringindustrial trainingand
Insidethe site we get many things which are appropriateand inappropriate(problems) for work in building
construction,thus I comment and give my recommendation in some conditions and workings

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………....2
OBJECTIVE……………………………………………………………………..………….3
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………….4
CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………...6
1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………..……...6
1.1METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………..………….6
CHAPTER TWO…………………………………………………………………..……....7
2.0 WORK PERFORMED………………………………………………………...7
CHAPTER THREE…………………………………………………………… …...........10
3.0 WEEK 1………………………………………………………………….…………10
3.1 WEEK 2……………………………………………………………….…………...11
3.2 WEEK 3…………………………………………. …………………..…………...12
3.3 WEEK 4…………………………………………………………………………….13
3.4 WEEK 5…………………………………………………………………………….14
3.5 WEEK 6…………………………………………………………………..………..14
3.6 WEEK 7……………………………………………………………………….……15
3.7 WEEK 8…………………………………………………………………….………15
CHAPTER FOUR……………………………………………………………………………16
4.0CONCLUSION………………………………………………………….………….16
4.1 RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………...…16

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CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION
The trainingbegan in 9th August 2016 and ended in 1st October 2016.
The project title; PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR HBM TO BE BUILT ON PLOT No. 138 & 139
BLOCK”E” AT MBEZI.
The trainingwas done under BADE CONTRUCTORS LTD who arethe main contractors with association of
M/S.GEOMETRY CONSULTANTS LTD as architect,M/S. ANOVA CONSULTANT Co. LTD as structural engineer and
M/S. NK CONSULTANT LTD. As quantity surveyor.
The industrial trainingwas aimed athelpingstudents to learn practically all theories taught in classby seeingthem,
askingquestions,practicingso thatstudent can gain practical experienceand knowledge of buildingconstruction.
This is a comprehensive report which explains in shortthe entire work, which performed duringindustrial training
(IT) period.
figure 1.1
METHODOLOGIES
The followingmethodologies were used duringfield work;
• Observation
• Practicing

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CHAPTER TWO WORK PERFORMED
This is the highlightof various activities performed duringindustrial training
I. Concrete casting for slab, beam and columns
Castingis a manufacturingprocess in which a liquid material isusually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow
cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.Therefore concrete castingis the process which involve
concrete which is the mixture of sand cement and aggregate. In the siteconcrete castingdone in the slabs beams
and columns as shown on the (figure2.1 and 2.2).
Before castingof the concrete there is mixingof materials as shown on the (figure 2.3 and 2.4)
Figure 2.1: concrete mixer car 2.2: concrete mixer machine
II. Foundation
Foundation, Partof a structural systemthat supports and anchors the superstructureof a buildingand transmits
its loads directly to the earth.
Type of foundation used is strip foundation (figure2.5) both in main buildingand servants cottages .Foundation
involves processes,such as;
 Excavation(figure2.6)
 Leveling(figure 2.7)
 Castingof sand layer
 Concrete casting
 Block work for several courses as instructed by engineer

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Fig 2.7: levellingof the foundation
III. Block work
Blocks arecomponents of durablemasonry construction in which uniformly shaped individual units arelaid in
courses with cement mortar as the bed and bindingmaterial.
Simply block work is the process involves layingdown of blocks into courses to form a singlestrongunit (figure 2.8)
Figure 2.8: block work wall
Material used are blocks (450x230x150)mmand cement mortar
IV. Curing
Curingis the process of maintainingsatisfactory moisturecontent and temperature in freshly castconcrete for a
definite period of time immediately followingplacement. The process serves two major purposes:
a) It prevents or replenishes the loss of moisturefrom the concrete;
b) It maintains a favorabletemperature for hydration to occur for a definite period
V. Steel fixation
Fixingformwork for beams columns and slab was the other activity were by marine boards of
2400mmx1200x20mm by sizewere used. The insidemarineboards were fixed with vertical and horizontal

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supports of 50mmx75mm. The verticality of the vertical columns was determined by hanginga stone on a manila
rope down the lift.The outside marineboards were made by the same manner but with vertical supports only.
There after concrete of 1:11/2:3 followed as strongroom walling.
VI. Steel fixation for slab, columns and beams
Steel acts likeskeleton in the human body therefore steel maintains thestability strength and lifespan of the
buildingdueto its flexibility
Steel fixation varies dueto the shapewhich supposed to be builtfor instancecolumns and beams are fixed due to
their shape.(Figure 2.6 and 2.7 elaborates)
Figure2.6 & 2.7 steel fixation
VII. Digging of septic tank, soak away tank and man holes
A septic tank is a key component of a septic system, a small-scalesewagetreatment system common in areas that
lack connection to main sewage pipes provided by local governments or PrivateCorporation.(figure 2.8) this
shows sketch of septic tank
Figure 2.8 septic tank section Figure2.9 septic tank and soak away blowouts

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CHAPTER THREE WEEKLYSUMMARY OF THE PERFORMED WORK
FIRSTWEEK
Firstly was reportingto the site and gather all information aboutthe projectsuch as
 Site location information (figure1.1)
 Introduction of the project
 Stage reached
 Details aboutprevious stages passed
Then formwork for the slab and beam was the ongoing activity,there were installation of plywood or marine
boards on the whole building.Then steel fixation followed on the plywood installed (figure3.2). The material used
was steel beams of different steel rods with different diameters were used followingthe specification of the
designer. Binding wires for bindingsteel bars,measuringtape, rope and electric steel sewer.
The beam formwork consisted of two sideboards,soffitboards and header two sideboards (12mm thick) were
secured by cleats of 32mmx150mm. The soffitboards 50mm rested directly on the header made up of
75mmx100mm. The header 75mmx100mm was nailed centrally on struts (poles) and secured firmly to the struts
by 25mmx75mm braces.
The floor sheeting was constructed by marine boards nailed to the joi stworkingfrom the top. The joistrested on
top of struts was placed at600mm c/c. The struts rested on solepiece.
The cover of plywood was installed with consideration of its horizontal perfection that the whole slab and beams
supposed to have same level by usingspiritlevel and heights from walls.
The formwork was suspended on the hard wooden bars which will beableto carry the load of the form work and
poured concrete (figure 3.3)
Installation of water system both clean and waste, and electricity which involvealarms,air conditioner and
cameras were going together with steel fixation or in the formwork (figure3.4)
Figure 3.2: steel fixation for slab figure 3.4: waste water outlet space

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Figure 3.3 formwork support
SECOND WEEK
Castingof concrete slab and beams which areattached together. Which was followed by curingof the concrete
daily twicea day morning and evening.
Another activity was excavation of septic tank and soak away tank (figure 3.5) by using excavating bulldozer
Figure 3.5 septic and soak away tanks
Steel fixation for columns procedures began
And the followingarethe procedures considered duringsteel fixation;
Preparation for stirrups and steel bars re-bendingfor columns instrument used was pipe bender, there after
lappingfor steel bars followed then spacingof main bar and stirrups or steel links lastly adheringstirrupsto main
bar at specific distances (figure3.6)
Then after fixingof kicker,concrete castingin the kickers formwork then formwork were fixed to all columns.
Fasteningof shatters to be column box for supportlastly batchingof concrete ingredients in the form works
Column shuttering is supposed to be strong and stableso as to control the pressureof the concrete during
concreting(figure 3.7)

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Figure 3.6 prepared reinforced steel bar figure 3.7 column shuttering
THIRD WEEK
In the third week there were mainly two activities
 Concreting the columns together with
 Foundation for servants cottages
The concreting procedure was done after the appropriatemixture of cement sand and aggregate with ratio of
1:2:4
Foundation excavation was the firststep dimensionally 450mmwide and 800mm depth tools used were hand
hoes, battle, and rope for straightening(figure 3.8)
Figure3.8 excavated foundation
After excavation levelingof foundation followed as figure 2.7 shows above. The level found after spreadingthe
layer of sand or sand screed which approximately 200mm depth then after the layer of concrete followed then
after block work followed for plinth.

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Block work proceed to the ground level,four courses builtto allowinstallation of formwork for plinth beam.
Similarly theback fillingof foundation done and layer of sand screed filled and arrangement of hardcorestones on
sand screed layer (figure 3.9)
Figure 3.9 hardcorelayer
FORTH WEEK
Activities in servantcottages proceed, dump proof membrane applied after the hardcorelayer.
Then after concreting of the slab followed the dimension of concrete layer was 300mm with ratio of 1:2:4
Curingprocesses was alongsideafter concreting.After a day the block work proceed before that setting out of wall
done first.Then after block work proceed to the forth coursewhere the windows marks were in consideration.( Fig
3.10)
Figure 3.10 masonry wall for servant’s cottages

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FIFTH WEEK
In this week efforts were more directed to the main buildingwere there were vertical alignmentof columns by
usingthe corner columns as reference.
The procedures were as follows;suspension of plumb bob at every column at the corner holdingto the ground
floor.Then measuringof offset distance from the rope to the face on the ground floor.Finally transferring offset
length of the ground floor to the firstfloor and marked out. Conner columns firstmeasured.
Establishmentof level mark on columns.this procedure work as inspector of columns verticality.
Apparatus used were pipe level, marker pen and measuringtape
Procedures followed was fillingwater in the pipelevel, then the two free end of the pipe level were held against
the face of two columns then when water level was on marked column the columns are rightvertical
figure 3.12 upright standingreinforced column
SIXTH WEEK
The work performed this week is formwork and steel fixingfor beams.
Firstly the preparations of marineboards all over the building then makingof main bars for the stirrups then
fasteningof main bars to the stirrups.Then Putting the spacer blocks into the beam formwork. Placingthe
reinforced into the beam box. Adhering steel chain to bottom draft then top draft arranged and fastened

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SEVENTH WEEK
The main activity done in week seven was concrete castingfor beams of the firstfloor.The activity was done
manually the mixture of sand cement and aggregate after well mixed with concrete mixer was carried into the
buckets to the form work box. Through this way the activity took a very longor consume many hours.
Also curingwas in top consideration twicea day to make the structure strong. The curingin overall took fivedays.
Reasons for curingto retain moisture in the structure so that the concrete to give strength, itdelay drying
shrinkageuntil the concrete is strongenough.
EIGHTH WEEK
The activity done this week was finishingfor the excavated septic and soak away tank and man holes.
Unavailability of public sewagesystems in the project area lead to construction of these tanks.
Firstly excavated holewere shaped into required shapes after sizes determination, then castingof concrete in both
holes even soak away tank because siteis allocated atarea where water table is near to the surface.Then block
work began the depth of holes ware 3meters from the ground, then separation rooms created in the septic tank
(figure 2.8) shows the sketch of the septic tank structure. Formwork followed on the holes to cover the holes the
reinforced concreting done to closethe holes at the same level
Lastly installation of man holes which started by diggingof holes beneath the holes of dimension
600mmx600mmx1000mm
Plasteringof both holes septic and soak away and man hole.

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CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION, PROBLEMS, AND RECCOMENDATION.
CONCLUSION
The industrial trainingisa bridgebetween the theoretical knowledge and the practical or the reality work at the
field of construction.We all who take the industrial trainingclassgo to companies that already workingeither as a
consultantor a contractor. The responsibilitiesof the hostingcompany areto teach student and shapethem in the
eight weeks as a real siteworkers. My hostingcompany is a contraction team and they help me and my friend who
took the internship session in this company in acquiringdifferentknowledge in different positi ons.They
collaboratewith the consultants to teach us in that section and they believe that the civil engineeringwork is more
important for us than the consultingoffice.This programplayed an importantrole to break the conventional
thought that field works can be only implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an
experience in buildingconstruction.Wewere ableto acquirea high level of confidence to deal with problems that
arisein a buildingconstruction.
PROBLEMS
 Time shortage of industrial trainingleadingto some of the activities notto be fully covered.
 Slowness of the activities atsites dueto lack of enough facilities and equipment’s .
 Lack of safety equipment such as boots, reflectors,helmets, and goggles
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Industrial trainingshould bemore encouraged so as to acquirebest practical knowledge.
 Visitingdifferentsites in courses concerningconstruction activities rather than depending on industrial
trainingalone