Industrial and organizational psychology is the scientific study of employees, workplaces, and organizations. It aims to improve workplace performance and employee well-being through the application of psychological principles. Industrial psychologists contribute to organizational success by enhancing conditions and productivity. However, resistance to change presents a challenge as both employees and employers often oppose new ideas due to threats to established habits or uncertainty regarding efficiency.

1.  Industrial and organizational psychology is the scientific study of
employees, workplaces, and organizations. Industrial and organizational
psychologists contribute to an organization's success by improving the
workplace and the performance, satisfaction and well-being of its people.
 Industrial psychology is a branch of psychology that contributes to an
organization's success by improving the performance and well being of its
employees. It provides a foundation for understanding the human
elements of the workplace. Industrial psychologist applies psychological
principles and research methods to the workplace to improve the working
conditions and productivity of employees.

2. Educational
Development
Social
Clinical
Experimental
Personality
Industrial

4.  A general tendency in human beings to resist changes of any sort and
maintain a status Quo.
 The omi- present tendency has been a great hurdles in the
acceptance of industrial psychologist by employees and management
all the world because practice of IP of an demands radical changes in
the outlooks and attitude of both the employer and employees.
 Employees resistance to IP comes from the fact that changes needed
to introduce new ideas in industry are looked upon by them as threats
to their well entrenched work habits and attitude.
 employers are also averse to changes because often they are not sure
about the efficiency of the new ideas and area least interested to take
risk. Their resistance also stems from their failure to understand the
complexity of any new approach. However , beneficial it may be for
them.
Employers don’t like to part with their privilege of hiring and firing
people by making rule for scientific selection and appraisal system.