The document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to 2010. It discusses the key objectives and provisions of various policy resolutions and statements over time. Some of the major policies covered include the Industrial Policy Resolutions of 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, and 1980 as well as the new industrial policies of 1991 and 2010-2015. The document also defines different industry classifications and provides details on policies related to micro, small, and medium enterprises in India.

1. INDUSTRIAL POLICYINDUSTRIAL POLICY
OF INDIAOF INDIA
Presented by
Sagar Patel
Jamnalal Bajaj Institute Of
Management Studies
MMM 2nd
Year
Roll No – 14 M 508

2. CONTENT
Definition of industry and policy;
Definition of industrial policy(IP);
Justification of IP;
IP Resolution;
Second generation reforms;
Industrial policy related to micro, small,
tiny and medium industries.
2

3. DEFINITIONS
INDUSTRY:-
Horizontal segmentation of production firms on the basis of their
primary generic product (such as automobiles, energy, food), sub-
primary generic product (such as trucks, oil, grains), or sub-sub
primary generic product (such as pickups, gasoline, wheat) ... and
so on. Firms in the same industry are on the same side of the
market, produce goods which are close substitutes, and compete
for the same customers.
POLICY:-
Declared objectives which a government seeks to achieve and
preserve in the interest of national community
3

4. INDUSTRIAL POLICY
The World Bank (1992) has provided a
working definition of industrial policy as
“government efforts to alter industrial
structure to promote productivity based
growth.”
Industrial policy is probably the most
important document , which indicates the
relationship between government and
business. 4

5. JUSTIFICATION
(why industrial policy exist)
• Correct the imbalances in the development of industries and helps
in bringing about a desirable balance and diversification in them.
• Prevent the wasteful use of scarce resources and direct their flow
in the most desirable areas of investment in accordance with
national priorities.
• Empower the government to regulate the establishment and
expansion of private industry in accordance with the planned
objectives.
• Prevent , through fiscal and monetary policies , the formation of
monopolies and concentration of wealth in a few hands so that the
evils associated with monopolies can be effectively curbed.
• Give guidelines for importing foreign capital and the conditions on
which such capital should be permitted to operate.
5

6. RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL
POLICY OF INDIA
1. INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION 1948
(6 April, 1948)
2. INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION (30th
April, 1956)
3. INDUSTRIAL POLICY FEB 2, 1973
4. INDUSTRIAL POLICY DEC 23, 1977
5. INDUSTRIAL POLICY STATEMENT OF
JULY, 1980
6. INDUSTRIAL POLICY, JULY 24, 1991
7. INDUSTRIAL POLICY, 2010-2015 6

7. 1. INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION
1948
(6 April, 1948)
The Resolution emphasized at the following-
State must play of progressively active role in the
development of Industries.
7

8. limitations
• Restrictions on private sectors increased
due to Industrial development and
regulation act,1951.
• Co-ordination problems between
government and private sectors also set
aside the benefit of mixed economy.
8

9. 2. INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION (30th
April, 1956)
OBJECTIVES:-
 All industries of basic and strategic importance, or in the
nature of public utility services, should be in the public sector.
 The Government of India would stress the role of cottage and
village and small scale industries in the development of the
national economy .
 The policy emphasis on the provision of adequate incentives to
workers and improvement in their working and service
conditions All industries of basic and strategic importance, or
in the nature of public utility services, should be in the public
sector.
9

10. 1956
Categorization of industries:
SCHEDULE A-: the industries the future development of which will
be the exclusive responsibility of the State .(17 industries)
SCHEDULE B-: industries which will be progressively state-owned
and in which the State will, therefore, generally take the initiative
in establishing new undertakings, but in which private enterprise
will also be expected to supplement the efforts of the State.(12
industries)
SCHEDULE C-: include all the remaining industries, and their
future development will, in general, be left to the initiative and
enterprise of the private sector.
10

11. limitations
• Greater importance to public sector .
• The state was overburdened and its
financial and administrative resources were
overstrained as the resolution emphasized
the setting up of maximum industries by the
state
11

12. 3. INDUSTRIAL POLICY FEBRUARY 2,
1973
1. It provided for a closer interaction between the agricultural
and industrial sectors .
2. An exhaustive analysis of industrial products was made to
identify products which are capable of being produced in the
small scale sector.
3. The list of industries exclusively reserved for the small scale
sector was expanded from 180 items to more than 500 items.
4. Within the small scale sector, a tiny sector was also defined with
investment in machinery and equipment upto Rs.1 lakh and
situated in towns with a population of less than 50,000 according
to 1971 census figures, and in villages.
5. Special legislation to protect cottage and household industries
was
also proposed to be introduced.
6. In the areas of price control of agricultural and industrial products,
the prices would be regulated to ensure an adequate return to the
12

13. 4. INDUSTRIAL POLICY DECEMBER
23, 1977
1. Industrial Policy Highlights on producing inputs needed by a
large number of smaller units and making adequate
marketing arrangements.
2. The nucleus plant would also work for upgrading the
technology of small units .
3. To boost the development of small scale industries, the
investment limit in the case of tiny units was enhanced to Rs.2
lakh, of a small scale units to Rs.20 lakh and of ancillaries to
Rs.25 lakh.
4. A scheme for building buffer stocks of essential raw
materials for the Small Scale Industries was introduced for
operation through the Small Industries Development
Corporations in the States and the National Small Industries
Corporation in the Centre 13

14. • The policy statement of 1977 can be said as old wine in
new bottle . It means that 1977 policy was just a mere
continuation of 1956 policy.
• The policy of encouraging SSI was not carried out to
the fullest extent but only on half hearted manner as
only 807 items reserved for SSI out of 2000 articles.
• No radical changes were noticed in respect to foreign
collaborations, MNC’s and import of sophisticated
techniques from abroad.
14
limitations

15. 5. THE INDUSTRIAL POLICY
STATEMENT OF JULY, 1980
It was based on the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956:
(i) Optimum utilization of installed capacity;
(ii) Maximum production and achieving higher productivity;
(iii) Higher employment generation;
(iv) Correction of regional imbalances;
(v) Strengthening of the agricultural base through agro base
industries and promotion of optimum inter-sectoral
relationship;
(vi) Promotion of export-oriented industries;
vii) Promotion of economic federalism through equitable spread
of investment and dispersal of returns;
(viii) Consumer protection against high prices and bad quality
15

16. limitations
• Non-increase in the investment limit of
large scale industry adversely hit the morale
of infrastructure industry.
• Rate of gross domestic production falls
down from 7.5 to 4.5.
16

17. 6. INDUSTRIAL POLICY,
JULY 24, 1991
1. Government is pledged to launching a reinvigorated struggle for
social and economic justice, to end poverty and unemployment
and to build a modern, democratic, socialist, prosperous and
forward-looking India.
2. Such a society can be built if India grows as part of the world
economy and not in isolation . .
3. The spread of industrialization to backward areas of the country
will be actively promoted through appropriate incentives,
institutions and infrastructure investments
4. Government will provide enhanced support to the small-scale sector
so that it flourishes in an environment of economic efficiency and
continuous technological up gradation.
17

18. Contd…
5. Foreign investment and technology collaboration will be welcomed
to obtain higher technology, to increase exports and to expand the
production base.
6. Government will endeavour to abolish the monopoly of any
sector or any individual enterprise in any field of manufacture,
except on strategic or military considerations and open all
manufacturing activity to competition.
7. The Government will ensure that the public sector plays its
rightful role in the evolving socioeconomic scenario of the
country. Government will ensure that the public sector is run on
business lines as envisaged in the Industrial Policy Resolution of
1956 and would continue to innovate and lead in strategic areas
of national importance.
8. Labour will be made an equal partner in progress and prosperity.
18

19. 9. Government will fully protect the interests of labour, enhance their
welfare and equip them in all respects to deal with the inevitability
of technological change
10. The major objectives of the new industrial policy package will be
to build on the gains already made, correct the distortions or
weaknesses that may have crept in, maintain a sustained growth in
productivity and gainful employment and attain international
competitiveness
11. Need to preserve the environment and ensure the efficient use of
available resources
12. In pursuit of the above objectives, Government
have decided to take a series of initiatives in respect of the policies
relating to the following areas:
A. Industrial Licensing
B. Foreign Investment
C. Foreign Technology Agreements
D. Public Sector Policy
E. MRTP Act(Monopolies and restrictive trade practices act)
19

20. Evaluation of the New Industrial
Policy
Positives of the new policy are:
• Delicensing of most industries will help entrepreneurs to quickly seize business
opportunities.
• Removal of controls under the MRTP Act will facilitate expansion and growth.
• There will be greater inflow of foreign capital and technology due to easing of
restrictions.
• Burden on the public sector will be reduced and reforms relating to the public sector like
transferring sick units to BIFR will help improve their performance.
• In case of women entrepreneurs, not only ten percent of the plots in an industrial but also
offering 5 percent additional subsidy subject to a maximum of Rs.5 lakh.
Watch- outs :
• The policy environment is much more conducive for both domestic and foreign
investment than in the past. However, a host of countries are now trying to woo foreign
investment with a much more conducive economic environment than in India. Also,
cultural factor do also tend to tilt the balance in favor of other nations.
• Further, foreign investors still regard the policy and procedural system in India confusing.
Rather many feel that policy and development environment in China is superior to India.20

21. Evaluation of the New Industrial Policy
This Policy has been criticized on the following grounds:
• It will lead to domination of MNC on the Indian Economy.
Threat from foreign competition due to cheaper imports and
inability to meet the challenge from MNCs due to their weak
economic strength vis-à-vis the MNCs. CII did raise the point
that we have moved away from too much protectionism to too
little protectionism.
• Trade Unions oppose the policy due to fear of unemployment
which may arise due to privatization.
• Distortion in industrial pattern would occur due to slow pace of
investment in few basic and strategic industries. Absence of a
mechanism would slow down the development of backward
areas.
• Government is silent about tackling the growing industrial
sickness. The Government has not announced a clear exit policy
for sick units.
21

22. Second Generation Reforms
The 1991 reforms have considerably helped in improving the
economic growth of the country. Yet much more needs to be done
to reap the full benefits. There is a need for Second Generation
Reforms:
A. Exploiting the Knowledge based Global Economy:
• Revolutionizing the telecom sector to help to integrate India’s economy
into the world economy.
• Build institutes for higher education .
• A system of intellectual property rights to reward innovations
adequately.
• Venture capital funds to finance risk projects of the knowledge based
economy.
B. Growing Indian Transnational Corporations:
• Indian firms to enjoy flexibility in entry and exit. Freedom to diversify
and close down unsuccessful units.
• Liberalize and move towards capital account convertibility.
22

23. Second Generation Reforms
C. High Growth of Agriculture:
• State to ensure that adequate investments are made in irrigation,
agricultural research, infrastructure and agricultural input.
D. Empowering the Poor:
• Integrate and consolidate anti poverty measures.
• Set up a system for old age security.
E. Human Development:
• Primary education made compulsory.
• Involve private sector to provide better primary education.
F. Clean Environment:
• Arrest damage to environment
• Promote clean and healthy environment.
G. Improvements to Governance:
• Rationalize electricity prices
• Bring in legal reforms that ensure inexpensive and speedy justice and
at the same time facilitate economic growth.
23

24. Industrial policy related to large,
small, micro tiny industries
24

25. 25
INDUSTRY Enterprises engaged
in the
manufacture of
productions of goods:
investment in plant
and machinery
Enterprises engaged
in providing or
rendering of services:
investment in
equipment.
MICRO Not exceeding Rs.25
Lakh
Not exceeding Rs.10
lakh
SMALL Between Rs. 25 lakh
and Rs.5 core
Between Rs.10 lakh
and Rs.2 crore.
MEDIUM Between Rs.5 crore
and Rs.10 crore
Between Rs. 2 crore
and Rs.5 crore.
DEFINITIONS

26. The State-wise distribution of MSMEs show that more than 55% of
these enterprises are in 6 States, namely, Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka.
• MSMEs in the country manufacture over 6,000 products.
• The MSME sector in India is highly heterogeneous in terms of the size
of the enterprises, variety of products and services produced the levels
of technology employed, etc.
26

27. MSME has been classified in
following three types:-
27

28. • Lack of availability of adequate and timely credit;
• High cost of credit;
• Limited access to equity capital;
• Lack of access to global markets;
• Low technology levels and lack of access to modern
technology;
• Lack of skilled manpower for manufacturing, services,
marketing, etc.;
• Issues relating to taxation, both direct and indirect, and
procedures thereof.
28
MAJOR ISSUES RELATED TO MSME’S

29. 29
A three tier definition including: (i) Tiny unit: upto Rs 10 lakh investment;
(ii)SSI unit: above Rs. 10 lakhs to Rs. 100 lakhs in plant and machinery;
(iii)Medium unit: Rs. 1 crore to Rs. 10 crores in plant and machinery.
• Need for a single comprehensive law for SSI sector like Small Business
Administration (SBA) Act of United States.
• For infrastructure development, a corpus of Rs.2000 crore be set up so that
adequate infrastructure facilities are available to the SSI sector.
• FDI to be encouraged in SSIs for better technology transfer (within the
permitted ceiling of equity participation by large scale units in the equity of
SSI units).
• A Technology Up-gradation & Modernisation Fund of Rs.5000 crore with an
interest subsidy of five per cent.
RECOMMENDATIONS

30. • To enhance the data base for the SSI sector,
(i) conduct of fresh census for SSI sector,
(ii) collection of detailed data on clusters,
(ii) sample survey to be conducted annually,and
(iv) involvement of SSI associations in the census and other data collection
activities.
• Need for reduction of cost of credit for SSI sector.
• Measures for strengthening resource support to SIDBI and to make
available cheaper resources for on-lending at low interest rates to SSI
sector.
• Setting up of special venture capital type fund of Rs.500 crore to be
named as Laghu Udyog Nirman Nidihi for equity support.
• Standardisation of procedure and simplification of forms by banks.
• Setting up of a Technology Bank for collection and dissemination of
information about technology resources.
30

31. Policies and programmes for
promoting SSI
• Reservation policy;
• Government’s price preference policy for
marketing SSI products;
• Technical assistance;
• Financial assistance.
31

32. • Industrial finance corporation of India(IFCI)
• Industrial credit and investment corporation of
India(ICICI)
• Industrial development bank of India(IDBI)
• Small industries development bank of
India(SIDBI)
• Industrial investment bank of India.
• National Bank of Agricultural and Rural
Development of India(NABARD)
• State industrial development corporations.
32
Financial institutes in India

33. INDUSTRIAL POLICY
2010-2015
• The Government has announced a new industrial policy for 2010-15,
enhancing the investment limit of mega projects from Rs.100 to
Rs.250crore for the purpose of offering benefits to them.
• The policy provides a 25 percent VAT reimbursement for five years
for large and medium enterprises, 50 percent for small enterprises and
cent percent for micro units.
• For micro and small industries the investment subsidy has been
increased from Rs.15lakhs to Rs.20lakhs.
• In case of women entrepreneurs, not only ten percent of the plots in
an
industrial area but also offering 5 percent additional subsidy subject to
a maximum of Rs.5lakhs.
• Attract investments in the industry and service sector by developing
33

34. Contd………
• Maximize employment opportunities, Implement self-employment
schemes effectively, and provides jobs to local people in the upcoming
industrial units in the states.(Pradhan mantri employment generation
programme launched by the government of India.)
• Promote agro-based and food processing industry to make agriculture a
most profitable proposition.
• In order to ensure productive uses of land, multi-stored complexes for
micro and small enterprises/industries will be constructed either
through department’s corporations or through or private sector
participation at potential sites.
• Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPR) under WORLD
TRADE ORGANISATION will be widely publicized so that these
could be used to generate more employment and trade opportunities.
34

35. References
• www.msme.gov.in
• www.dipp.nic.in
• www.commin.nic.in
• Business environment by T.R.Jain,Mukesh
Trehan and Ranju Trehan.
• Business environment by Francis
Cherunilam.
• And other sites.. 35

36. 36
THANKS